舰船转子—支承—隔振器—浮筏系统动力学特性研究
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摘要
舰船对安静性要求严格,主动力机械引起的振动是舰船噪声的主要来源。因此降低或者消除主动力机械的振动噪声对舰船的隐蔽性和安全性等均具有极其重要的意义。目前控制舰船主动力机械产生的结构噪声的有效手段是对主动力机械采用减振隔振措施。随着对舰船主动力机械功率的和对舰船隐蔽性要求的提高,对主动力机械的减振隔振性能也提出了更严格的要求。本文系统推导了橡胶和干摩擦隔振器的力学模型,从理论和实验两方面验证了隔振器对转子和浮筏之间的隔振效果,为实际舰船主动力机械的减振隔振提供了理论和实验基础。本文主要研究内容和结论如下:
1.基于实验、广义胡克定律和应变能密度函数对橡胶隔振器进行了模型推导,对干摩擦隔振器进行了原理分析及模型建立,并对以上两类隔振器的模型进行仿真,获得了其隔振特性。
2.通过有限元法建立了包含以上两种隔振器的舰船转子-支承-隔振器-浮筏系统动力学模型,为获得系统的动力学特性提供了理论基础。
3.通过对Newmark法、Runge-kutta法、精细时程积分方法进行比较,确立了Newmark逐步积分方法在转子-支承-隔振器-浮筏系统动态响应分析中的优越性。并进行了系统不平衡响应数值模拟,证明了隔振器对浮筏的隔振效果,通过对比分析获得了两种隔振器不同的隔振特点。
4.进行了橡胶隔振器静态压缩和动态激振实验,转子-支承-浮筏系统动力学响应实验和转子-支承-橡胶隔振器-浮筏系统动力学特性实验,实验结果很好的验证了理论计算和结果的正确性。
Vibration arose from dynamical mechanics is the main source of ship noise. Recently the effective way to control this kind of vibration is adopting isolation methods. With the development of power rise of dynamical mechanics and the demand of ship performance, the higher and stricter requests on the capability of the vibration isolation system are brought forward. So it makes us cry for more research on isolation theory. This dissertation research systematically on the model of rubber and dry friction isolator and verifies the activity of isolator through measurement and numerical calculations, it offers reference for further research. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
1. The model of single freedom vibration isolation system is founded. By the dynamics emulating and theoretic analysis some important results are got. Based on measurement, generalized Hooke law and strain energy density function, the model of rubber isolator and dry friction isolator are founded and applied to do simulations and analysis the dynamical characteristics.
2. The two models are applied in practical rotor-bearing-isolator-raft system utilizing the finite element method and that give the model basis of numerical simulations and experiments.
3. Comparing with Newmark method, Runge-kutta method and precise time-integration method, the superiority and advantage of Newmark step integration method was proved when it’s used in analyzing the rotor-bearing-isolator-raft system. And this method is used to evaluate the influence of isolators to rotor systems and the differences between the two kinds of isolators.
4. Experiments of static compression and dynamic excitation of rubber isolator and experiments of rotor-bearing-isolator-raft system are made to get the dynamical characteristics of isolator. Compare with the theoretical calculation, the numerical simulations are proved.
1.基于实验、广义胡克定律和应变能密度函数对橡胶隔振器进行了模型推导,对干摩擦隔振器进行了原理分析及模型建立,并对以上两类隔振器的模型进行仿真,获得了其隔振特性。
2.通过有限元法建立了包含以上两种隔振器的舰船转子-支承-隔振器-浮筏系统动力学模型,为获得系统的动力学特性提供了理论基础。
3.通过对Newmark法、Runge-kutta法、精细时程积分方法进行比较,确立了Newmark逐步积分方法在转子-支承-隔振器-浮筏系统动态响应分析中的优越性。并进行了系统不平衡响应数值模拟,证明了隔振器对浮筏的隔振效果,通过对比分析获得了两种隔振器不同的隔振特点。
4.进行了橡胶隔振器静态压缩和动态激振实验,转子-支承-浮筏系统动力学响应实验和转子-支承-橡胶隔振器-浮筏系统动力学特性实验,实验结果很好的验证了理论计算和结果的正确性。
Vibration arose from dynamical mechanics is the main source of ship noise. Recently the effective way to control this kind of vibration is adopting isolation methods. With the development of power rise of dynamical mechanics and the demand of ship performance, the higher and stricter requests on the capability of the vibration isolation system are brought forward. So it makes us cry for more research on isolation theory. This dissertation research systematically on the model of rubber and dry friction isolator and verifies the activity of isolator through measurement and numerical calculations, it offers reference for further research. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
1. The model of single freedom vibration isolation system is founded. By the dynamics emulating and theoretic analysis some important results are got. Based on measurement, generalized Hooke law and strain energy density function, the model of rubber isolator and dry friction isolator are founded and applied to do simulations and analysis the dynamical characteristics.
2. The two models are applied in practical rotor-bearing-isolator-raft system utilizing the finite element method and that give the model basis of numerical simulations and experiments.
3. Comparing with Newmark method, Runge-kutta method and precise time-integration method, the superiority and advantage of Newmark step integration method was proved when it’s used in analyzing the rotor-bearing-isolator-raft system. And this method is used to evaluate the influence of isolators to rotor systems and the differences between the two kinds of isolators.
4. Experiments of static compression and dynamic excitation of rubber isolator and experiments of rotor-bearing-isolator-raft system are made to get the dynamical characteristics of isolator. Compare with the theoretical calculation, the numerical simulations are proved.
引文
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3张洪田,刘志刚.动力吸振技术的现状与发展.噪声与振动控制. 1996,3:22~26
4 Kefu Liu, Jie Liu. The damped dynamic vibration absorbers: revisited and new result. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2005,(284):1181~1189
5刘耀宗,郁殿龙.被动式动力吸振技术研究进展.机械工程学报. 2007,43(3):85-92
6 Den Hartog. J P. Forced Vibration with combined and viscous Friction. APM. 1931, 53(9):107~115
7王勖成.有限单元法.清华大学出版社, 2003:160~175.
8杨义顺.双层隔振系统结构参数改变对结构振动的影响.船舶工程. 2004, (6):43~44
9程广利.船舶的不同基础状态对隔振效率的影响.船舶科学技术. 2005, 1:21~23
10俞孟萨.潜艇机械噪声控制技术的现状与发展概述.船舶力学. 2003, 7(4):110~112
11孔建益.潜艇振动噪声的控制研究.噪声与振动控制. 2006, (5):101~104
12姜荣俊.有源振动噪声控制技术在潜艇中的应用研究.噪声与振动控制. 2005,(2):7~8
13朱锡清,吴武生.螺旋桨负荷噪声研究.船舶力学. 1998, (3):259~260
14 Vasant A, Matsagar, R.S.Jangid. Influence of Isolator Characteristics on the Response of Base-Isolated Structures. Engineering Structures. 2004, (26):1375~1348
15 A lessandro Baratta, Ileana Corbi. Optimal Design of Base-Isolator in multi-storey Buildings. Computers and Structures. 2007,(82):2199~2208
16 G..Falsone, G.Ferro. Best performing Parameters of linear and non-linear Seismic Base-Isolator Systems obtained by the Power Flow Analysis. Computers and Structures. 2006,(84):79~85
17林立.减振浮筏振动响应研究.噪声与振动控制. 1996, (5):2291~2305
18 Junchuan Niu, Kongjie Song, C.W.Lim. On active Vibration Isolation of Floating Raft Systems. Jounal of Sound and Vibration. 2007, (285):391~394
19张春良.双层主动隔振系统的动力学研究.中国机械工程. 2003, 14(14):1232~1234
20 Iwan W D. The Dynamic Response of Bilinear Hysteretic Systems. PhD dissertation of California Institute of Technology. 1961:10~16
21丁文镜,樊世超.摩擦力的若干数学模型.第六届全国一般力学学术会议论文集.湖南, 1998:133~137
22 Ferri A. Friction Damping and Isolation System. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics. 1996, 117 (B) :196~206.
23 Liang J W, Feeny B F. Dynamical Friction Behavior in a Forced Oscillator with a Compliant Contact. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 1998,(65) :250~257
24 Griffin J H, Meng C H. Friction Damper of Circular Motion and Its Implication to Vibration Control. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics. 1991,(113):225~229
25 Menq C H, Yang B D. Nonlinear Spring Resistance and Friction Damping of Frictional Constraint Having Two-Dimensional Motion. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1998,217 (1) :127~143
26 Yang B D, Menq C H. Characterization of 3D contact Kinematics and Prediction of Resonant Response of Structures Having 3D Frictional Constraint. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1998, 217(5) :909~925
27 Jeong-Hoi Koo, Amit Shukla, Mehdi Ahmadian. Dynamic performance analysis of non-linear tuned vibration absorbers. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. 2008,(241):179~188
28 Y.Ketema. A visco-elastic Dynamic Vibration Absorber with Adaptable Suppression Band: A Feasibility study.Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1998, 216(1):132~145
29孙志卓,王全娟,王付山.一种主动电磁式动力吸振器的研究与设计.振动与冲击. 2006,25(3):198~201
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