辛芷鼻敏胶囊对变应性鼻炎大鼠模型骨髓和外周血中CD34~+祖细胞及IL-5的影响
|
摘要
目的:探讨中药新药-辛芷鼻敏胶囊对变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis AR)大鼠模型外周血和骨髓中CD34~+祖细胞及IL-5的影响。方法:用卵清蛋白建立变应性鼻炎大鼠模型,通过对造模的大鼠灌服辛芷鼻敏胶囊并与同类药物鼻炎康对照,用原位杂交技术检测鼻黏膜IL-5RmRNA (interleukin-5 receptor messenger RNA)阳性细胞的表达,采用酶联免疫吸附实验技术(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA)检测血清和骨髓上清液中的IL-5的蛋白水平,用流式细胞仪(flow cytometer FCM)检测外周血和骨髓中CD34~+祖细胞。结果:模型组大鼠血清中IL-5高于实验组、阳性对照组和空白对照组,(P﹤0.05),实验组大鼠血清中IL-5低于阳性对照组(P<0.05);模型组大鼠骨髓上IL-5高于实验组、阳性对照组和空白对照组(P﹤0.05),实验组大鼠的IL-5低于阳性对照组(P<0.05);关于骨髓CD34~+祖细胞的相对数量,模型组与空白组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组与模型组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),与阳性对照组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);外周血CD34~+祖细胞,模型组与空白组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),实验组与模型组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),与阳性对照组比较未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:辛芷鼻敏胶囊减轻嗜酸性粒细胞向局部鼻黏膜浸润和炎性损伤,控制变应性鼻炎局部症状;降低骨髓及外周血中IL-5含量,减少了CD34~+祖细胞数量但无统计学意义,但其对骨髓CD34~+祖细胞作用不明显。
Objectives: To study the effect of Xinzhi Bimin capsule on the content of IL-5 and cd34+ progenitor cell in peripheral blood and bone marrow of rat model with allergic rhinitis , and identify the mechanism of pharmacodynamic action. Methods: Ovalbumin sensitized rats used as animal model of AR were taken orally with the Xinzhi Bimin capsule.The content of IL-5 in serum of peripheral blood and bone marrow was measured by ELISA ,and count the numbers of CD34~+ hematopoietic progenitor cells by flow cytometry. Results: The content of IL-5 in serum of peripheral blood and bone marrow which from model group was higer than that of the experimental group,positive control group and normal control group(P<0.05).It has significant differcene between the experimental group and the positive control group(P<0.05).The amounts of CD34~+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow of rat in the model group was more than that of the experimental group and positive control group(P﹤0.05).Moreover,the number of CD34~+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in the experimental group was lower than the positive control group, but no significant difference(P>0.05) Conclusions:The result suggests that the capsule of Xinzhi Bimin can reduce the content of IL-5 in peripheral blood and bone marrow. It also can decrease the number of CD34~+ progenitor cells. But compared to the positive control group,the differcene isn’t significant.
Objectives: To study the effect of Xinzhi Bimin capsule on the content of IL-5 and cd34+ progenitor cell in peripheral blood and bone marrow of rat model with allergic rhinitis , and identify the mechanism of pharmacodynamic action. Methods: Ovalbumin sensitized rats used as animal model of AR were taken orally with the Xinzhi Bimin capsule.The content of IL-5 in serum of peripheral blood and bone marrow was measured by ELISA ,and count the numbers of CD34~+ hematopoietic progenitor cells by flow cytometry. Results: The content of IL-5 in serum of peripheral blood and bone marrow which from model group was higer than that of the experimental group,positive control group and normal control group(P<0.05).It has significant differcene between the experimental group and the positive control group(P<0.05).The amounts of CD34~+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow of rat in the model group was more than that of the experimental group and positive control group(P﹤0.05).Moreover,the number of CD34~+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in the experimental group was lower than the positive control group, but no significant difference(P>0.05) Conclusions:The result suggests that the capsule of Xinzhi Bimin can reduce the content of IL-5 in peripheral blood and bone marrow. It also can decrease the number of CD34~+ progenitor cells. But compared to the positive control group,the differcene isn’t significant.
引文
[1]洪苏玲,黄江菊等.变应性鼻炎患者血清中四种细胞因子的检测.中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2002,37(4):312-313
[2] Togias A.Rhinitis and asthma:evidence for respiratory system integration.J Allergy Clin Immunol.2003;111:1171-1184
[3] Mehle Me.Ara nasal steroids safe ? Current opinion in otolaryngol. Head and Neck Surgry.2003,11:201-205
[4]顾之燕.耳鼻咽喉科变应性和免疫性疾病[M ].天津:天津科学技术出版社, 2000. 1.
[5]黄选兆,汪吉宝.实用耳鼻咽喉科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1998,10:255
[6] GuerraS,SharrillDL,MartinezFD,etal Rhinitis as an independent risk facto t oadult onseta sthma J Allergy ClinImmunol,2002,109:419-425
[7] Holt PG,Mcaubas C,Stumbles PA,et al. The role of anergy in the development of asthma.Nature,1999;402:12-17
[8] Sknoner DP.Allergic rhinitis:definition,epidemiology,patho physiology,detection,and diagnosis.J Allergy Clin Immllnol. 2001, 108: 2～8
[9] Kay AB.Allergy and allergic disease:first of two parts.N Engl J Med. 2001;344:30～37
[10] Varney VA, jacobsum MR, Sudderick RM,et al Immunobistology of the nasal mucosu following allergen-induced rhinitis , Identification of activated T lymphocytes,esoinuphils,and neutrophils.AM Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:170～176
[11] Robinson DS,Hamid,G,Ying S,et al.predominant TH2-like bronchoalveofar T- lymphocyte population in atopic asthma.N Engl J Med.1992;326: 298～304
[12]高丽等,中药复方制剂治疗变应性鼻炎临床与实验研究[J],农垦医学,2002;24(3):170～172
[13]高丽等.“鼻炎清胶囊”对变应性鼻炎大鼠药效实验观察[J],新疆医科大学学报,2002,25(3):249～250
[14]刘江等.辛芷鼻敏胶囊对变应性鼻炎大鼠模型P物质和组胺的影响新疆医科大学学报,2006,29(8):684～687
[15]包晓铃,高丽等.辛芷鼻敏胶囊对大鼠变应性鼻炎脾脏NF-κB和IL-5表达的影响及相关性时珍国医国药,2006,17(3):309～311
[16]刘俊昌,高丽等.辛芷鼻敏胶囊对变应性鼻炎大鼠IL- 2和IL-4mRNA表达的调节.新疆医科大学学报.2005,28(12):1127～1131
[17]章如新,董震.P物质与变应性鼻炎[J].国外医学·耳鼻喉科学分册,1993,17(3):158～160
[18]周卫东,章如新.一氧化氮在鼻科的进展[J].国外医学·耳鼻喉科学分册,1999,23(2):86～89
[19]薛金梅.赵海亮,等.大鼠变应性鼻炎模型鼻黏膜P物质受体mRNA的表达.中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2000,35(4)247～250
[20]中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科分会,中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志编委会.变应性鼻炎诊断标准及疗效评定标准(1997年修订,海口).中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,1998,33 (3): 134
[21]邱宝珊,王士贞等.变应性鼻炎与临床特点的相关性研究.中医杂志,2004,45 (5):372～376
[22]包力.新疆地区过敏性鼻炎中医病因病机探讨.新疆中医药,1997,17(67):1
[23]李宠宇,戴跃进,等.不同商品的白芷的药理研究[J].中国中药杂志,1991,1 6(9):560
[24]苏晓红,高玉祥.白芷外用加长波紫外线照射对豚鼠ACD的影响及表皮LC的关联[J].蚌埠医学院学报,1988,13(1):52
[25]宋延生,王步玲.天然抗粉刺霜的研制[J].日用化学工业,1994,(6):283～285.
[26]林爱华,李予蓉.黄芪对小鼠免疫功能的影响.第四军医大学学报,2003;24 (17)1
[27]聂小华,史宝军,敖宗华,等.黄芪多糖的提取及其对淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2004,31(1):34～36.
[28]茅苏萍.黄芪对单疱病毒角膜炎患者Th1/Th2细胞因子的调节作用.中国中西医结合杂志,2004,24(2):123～127
[29]张薇,赵菲.黄芪对儿童变应性鼻炎血清Th1/Th2的影响.中国药物与临床, 2006,6(9): 680～682
[30]张建新,等.黄芪对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究时珍国医国药,2000,11(6):488～489
[31]李岩,等.北五味子粗多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫功能低下的保护作用.白求恩医科大学学报,1995,21(6):583
[32]邵海峰,胡晓梅等.苍耳子抗过敏有效部位的实验研究.四川中医2006,24(8): 52-53
[33]王龙妹,傅惠娣等.枸杞子、白术、细辛、苍耳子对白细胞介素– 2受体表达的影响[J].中国临床药学杂志,2000,9(3):172～174
[34]徐群英,董淳,洪俊荣.辛夷提取物对变应性鼻炎、P物质及其受体mRNA表达的影响.中药药理与临床2004,20(3):14～16
[35]王文魁.辛夷油抗炎机理探讨,山西农业大学学报,2000,3,42～43
[36]张涛.复方辛夷滴鼻剂的研制及应用〔J〕,中国医药学杂志,1 996,16(1 )∶3～5
[37] Mimaki Y,Kawashima K,Kanmoto T.et al.Phytochemistry,1993.34:799
[38] Ricciardolo FL, Sterk PJ, Gaston B, Folkerts G: Nitric oxide in health and disease of the respiratory system. Physiol Rev 2004, 84:731～765.
[39] Ten Broeke R,Folkerts G,Leusink-Muis T,Van Der Linde HJ,Villain M,Manion MK,De Clerck F, Blalock JE, Nijkamp FP: Calcium sensors as new therapeutic targets for airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma. Faseb J 2001,15:1831～1833
[40] Kranse DS, Fackler MJ, Civin Cl, et al. CD34: Structure, bio1ogy, and clinical utility. Blood,1996; 87:1～13
[41]奚永志,李秀森,张双喜等.人正常骨髓CD34+造血细胞的形态学与细胞化学特征.中华血液学杂志,1997;18:130～132
[42] Denburg JA,Sehmi R,Saito H,et al. Systemic aspects of allergic disease:bone marrow responses.J Allergy Clin Immunol,2000,106(5Suppl):242～246.
[43] Casale TB,Amin BV. Allergic rhinitis /asthma interrelationship.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2001,21:27～49.
[44]毛辉,王曾礼,刘春涛.骨髓中表达白细胞介素5受体mRNA的CD34细胞与支气管哮喘气道炎症的关系.中华结核和呼吸杂志,2003,26:152～156.
[45] Lee JJ.Lnterleukin-5 expression in the lung epithelium of transgenic mice leads to Pulmonary changes pathogmomonix of asthma.. J Exp Med , 1977,185:2143～218
[46] Hamellmann E,Gelfand EW.Il-5-induced airway eosinophilia-the key to asthma? Immunological Reniews,2001,179:182～191.
[47] Suhwarze J. Il-5 and eosinophils are essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Immunol,1999,162:2997～3004
[48]张罗,周兵,韩德民,等.变应性鼻炎研究进展(二):药物治疗.耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科, 2003, 10 (6) : 368～374 .
[49]张罗,韩德民,顾之燕.抗组胺药物H1受体拮抗剂的临床药理学(一):组胺、组胺受体和抗组胺药物.中国耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,2005,12(1):61-64 .
[50]张罗,周兵,韩德民,等.变应性鼻炎研究进展(三):鼻用皮质类固醇的药理作用.耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科, 2004,11 (1) : 67～72
[1] G rossman J . O ne airway , one disease[J]. Chest,1997.111(2Suppl):11S-16S.
[2] Borish L. Allergic rhinitis:Systemic inflammation and implications for management [J].J Allergy Clin Immunol,2003,112:1021-1031.
[3] Ohkawara Y, Lei XF, Stampfli MR, et al.Cytokine and eosinophil responses in the lung, peripheral blood, and bone marrow compartmentsin a murine model of allergen-induced airways inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1997, 16: 510-520
[4] Borish L,et al. Allergic rhinitis: systemic inflammation and implications for management .J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003, 112: 1021-1031
[5] Bousquet J , Van Cauwenberge P , Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma.J Allergy Clin Immunol ,2001,108:147-334.
[6] Godthelp T, Fokkens WJ , Kleinjan A ,et al . Antigen presenting cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis during allergen provocation. Clin Exp Allergy ,1996,26(6):677-688.
[7] Calman P,Dean DM.IgE ast cell basophils and eosinophils.J Allergy Clin Immunol ,2003,111: 486-494.
[8] Verelli D. The regulation of IgE synthesis. Clin Allergy Immunol ,2002,16:179-196.
[9] Oettgen HC ,Geha RS. IgE regulation and roles in asthma pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2001,107:429-440.
[10] Turner H,Kinet JP. Sinaling through the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI. Nature ,1999,402:24-30.
[11] Naclerio RM.Allergic rhinitis.N Engl J Med,1991,325(12):860-869.
[12] Shimizu T, Hirano H ,Majima Y, et al . A Mechanism of Antigen induced Mucus Production in Nasal Epithelium of Sensitized Rats A Comparison with Lipopolysaccharide O induced Mucus Production. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,2000,161(5):648-654.
[13] Wilson SJ,Shute JK,Holgate ST, et al. nterleukin IL-4 but not IL-5 to human mast cell secretory granules by immunoelectron microscopy. Clinical and ExperimentalAllergy,2000,30:493-500.
[14] Southam DS , Widmer N , Ellis R , et al . Increased eosinphil lineage committed progenitors in the lung of allergen challeng edmice. J Allergy Clin Immunol ,2005 ,115 :95-102.
[15] Ciprandi G, Cirillo I ,Vizzaccaro A , et al . Nasal Obstruction in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis : Relationships between Allergic Inflammation and Nasal Airflow. lnt Arch Allergy Immunol,2004,134:34-40.
[16] Martin LM,Kita H ,Leiferman KM, et al . Eosinophils in allergy: role in disease , degranulation and cytokines. Int Arch Allergy Immunol , 1996,109:207-215.
[17] Zhao LL, Linden A ,Sjostrand M, et al.IL-12 regulates bone marrow eosinophilia and airway eotaxin levels induced by airway allergenexposure.Allergy,2000,55 :749-756.
[18] Saito H , Howie K, Wattie J ,et al .Allergen 2induced murine upper airway inflammation : local and systemic changes in murine experimental allergic rhinitis. Immunology , 2001,104(2):226-234.
[19] Hafez SF, Sallam MM, Ibraheem SA Local expression of IL-4and IL-5 in perennial allergic rhinitis and their modulation by topical corticosteroid therapy. Egypt J Immunol , 2004,11(1):111-121.
[20] Bensch GW, Nelson HS , Borish LC. Evaluation of cytokines in nasal secretions after nasal antigen challenge : lack of influence of antihistamines. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 2002,88(5):457-462.
[21] Okano M,Satoskar AR ,Abe M,et al . Interleukin-4 independent production of Th2 cytokines by nasal lymphocytes and nasal eosinophilia in murine allergic rhinitis. Allergy, 2000,55:723-731.
[22] Masashi Y, Nobuaki M, Kazutoyo S, et al. Involvement of interLeukin-5 or eosinophils in experimental allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs. European Journal of Pharmacology ,2002,439:159-169.
[23] Yamagishi S , Ohnishi M, Pawankar R. IL 21 and TNF-alpha mediated regulation of IL-6 , IL-8 and GM-CSF release from cultured nasal epithelial cells. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho Journal of the Oto-Rhino Laryngological Society of Japan, 2000,103(7):829-835.
[24] Pullerits T, Linden A, Malmhall C, et al Effect of seasonal allergen exposure on mucosal IL-16 and CD4+cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy , 2001,56(9):871-877.
[25] Verhaeghe B, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, et al. Up 2regulation of IL-18 in allergicrhinitis. Allergy , 2002,57(9): 825-830.
[26] Benson M, Carlsson B ,Carlsson LM, et al .Increased expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 2A in seasonal allergic rhinitis. CYTOKINE , 2002,20(6):268-273.
[27] Denburg JA, Sehmi R, Saito H, et al. Systemic aspects of allergic disease: bone marrow responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2000,106(5Suppl): 242-246.
[28]中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科学分会,中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志编辑委员会.变应性鼻炎诊断和疗效评定标准(1997,海口).中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,1998,33:134-135.
[29] Casale TB,Amin BV. Allergic rhinitis /asthma interrelationship. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2001,21:27-49.
[30] Chakir J, Laviolette M, Turcotte H, et al. Cytokine expression in the lower airways of non-asthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis: influence of natural allergen exposure. Allergy Clin Immunol,2000;106:901-910.
[31] Inman MD, Ellis R, Wattie J, et al. Allergen-induced increase in airway responsiveness, airway eosinophilia, and bone-marrow eosinophil progenitors in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol,1999,21:474-479.
[32] Inman MD. Bone marrow events in animal models of allergic inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2000,106(5Suppl): S235-241.
[33]毛辉,王曾礼,刘春涛.骨髓中表达白细胞介素5受体mRNA的CD34细胞与支气管哮喘气道炎症的关系.中华结核和呼吸杂志,2003,26:152-156.
[34] Figueroa DJ,Breyer RM,Defoe SK,et al. Expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in normal human lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001,163:226-233.
[35] Dorman SC,Efthimiadis A,Babirad I,et al. Sputum CD34 IL- 5R alphacells increase after allergen: evidence for in situ eosinophilopoiesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004,169:573-577.
[36] Kim YK,Uno M,Hamilos DL,et al. Immunolocalization of CD34 in Nasal Polyposis. Effect of topical corticosteroids. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1999,20:388-397.
[37]王向东,韩德民,周兵等.白细胞介素5调节变应性鼻炎骨髓反应的实验研究.中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志.2003, 38(6): 448～450.
[38]杜建新,郭其森,鞠兴东,等.支气管哮喘患者外周血CD34 +细胞、白细胞介素-5和嗜酸粒细胞的变化及其意义[J].中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2005; 4(2): 119-211.
[39]吴昌归,毛宝龄,孙滨.血管活性肠肽对嗜酸性粒细胞释放和黏附功能的影响及机理[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2000;16(3):392-411
[2] Togias A.Rhinitis and asthma:evidence for respiratory system integration.J Allergy Clin Immunol.2003;111:1171-1184
[3] Mehle Me.Ara nasal steroids safe ? Current opinion in otolaryngol. Head and Neck Surgry.2003,11:201-205
[4]顾之燕.耳鼻咽喉科变应性和免疫性疾病[M ].天津:天津科学技术出版社, 2000. 1.
[5]黄选兆,汪吉宝.实用耳鼻咽喉科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1998,10:255
[6] GuerraS,SharrillDL,MartinezFD,etal Rhinitis as an independent risk facto t oadult onseta sthma J Allergy ClinImmunol,2002,109:419-425
[7] Holt PG,Mcaubas C,Stumbles PA,et al. The role of anergy in the development of asthma.Nature,1999;402:12-17
[8] Sknoner DP.Allergic rhinitis:definition,epidemiology,patho physiology,detection,and diagnosis.J Allergy Clin Immllnol. 2001, 108: 2～8
[9] Kay AB.Allergy and allergic disease:first of two parts.N Engl J Med. 2001;344:30～37
[10] Varney VA, jacobsum MR, Sudderick RM,et al Immunobistology of the nasal mucosu following allergen-induced rhinitis , Identification of activated T lymphocytes,esoinuphils,and neutrophils.AM Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:170～176
[11] Robinson DS,Hamid,G,Ying S,et al.predominant TH2-like bronchoalveofar T- lymphocyte population in atopic asthma.N Engl J Med.1992;326: 298～304
[12]高丽等,中药复方制剂治疗变应性鼻炎临床与实验研究[J],农垦医学,2002;24(3):170～172
[13]高丽等.“鼻炎清胶囊”对变应性鼻炎大鼠药效实验观察[J],新疆医科大学学报,2002,25(3):249～250
[14]刘江等.辛芷鼻敏胶囊对变应性鼻炎大鼠模型P物质和组胺的影响新疆医科大学学报,2006,29(8):684～687
[15]包晓铃,高丽等.辛芷鼻敏胶囊对大鼠变应性鼻炎脾脏NF-κB和IL-5表达的影响及相关性时珍国医国药,2006,17(3):309～311
[16]刘俊昌,高丽等.辛芷鼻敏胶囊对变应性鼻炎大鼠IL- 2和IL-4mRNA表达的调节.新疆医科大学学报.2005,28(12):1127～1131
[17]章如新,董震.P物质与变应性鼻炎[J].国外医学·耳鼻喉科学分册,1993,17(3):158～160
[18]周卫东,章如新.一氧化氮在鼻科的进展[J].国外医学·耳鼻喉科学分册,1999,23(2):86～89
[19]薛金梅.赵海亮,等.大鼠变应性鼻炎模型鼻黏膜P物质受体mRNA的表达.中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,2000,35(4)247～250
[20]中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科分会,中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志编委会.变应性鼻炎诊断标准及疗效评定标准(1997年修订,海口).中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,1998,33 (3): 134
[21]邱宝珊,王士贞等.变应性鼻炎与临床特点的相关性研究.中医杂志,2004,45 (5):372～376
[22]包力.新疆地区过敏性鼻炎中医病因病机探讨.新疆中医药,1997,17(67):1
[23]李宠宇,戴跃进,等.不同商品的白芷的药理研究[J].中国中药杂志,1991,1 6(9):560
[24]苏晓红,高玉祥.白芷外用加长波紫外线照射对豚鼠ACD的影响及表皮LC的关联[J].蚌埠医学院学报,1988,13(1):52
[25]宋延生,王步玲.天然抗粉刺霜的研制[J].日用化学工业,1994,(6):283～285.
[26]林爱华,李予蓉.黄芪对小鼠免疫功能的影响.第四军医大学学报,2003;24 (17)1
[27]聂小华,史宝军,敖宗华,等.黄芪多糖的提取及其对淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2004,31(1):34～36.
[28]茅苏萍.黄芪对单疱病毒角膜炎患者Th1/Th2细胞因子的调节作用.中国中西医结合杂志,2004,24(2):123～127
[29]张薇,赵菲.黄芪对儿童变应性鼻炎血清Th1/Th2的影响.中国药物与临床, 2006,6(9): 680～682
[30]张建新,等.黄芪对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究时珍国医国药,2000,11(6):488～489
[31]李岩,等.北五味子粗多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫功能低下的保护作用.白求恩医科大学学报,1995,21(6):583
[32]邵海峰,胡晓梅等.苍耳子抗过敏有效部位的实验研究.四川中医2006,24(8): 52-53
[33]王龙妹,傅惠娣等.枸杞子、白术、细辛、苍耳子对白细胞介素– 2受体表达的影响[J].中国临床药学杂志,2000,9(3):172～174
[34]徐群英,董淳,洪俊荣.辛夷提取物对变应性鼻炎、P物质及其受体mRNA表达的影响.中药药理与临床2004,20(3):14～16
[35]王文魁.辛夷油抗炎机理探讨,山西农业大学学报,2000,3,42～43
[36]张涛.复方辛夷滴鼻剂的研制及应用〔J〕,中国医药学杂志,1 996,16(1 )∶3～5
[37] Mimaki Y,Kawashima K,Kanmoto T.et al.Phytochemistry,1993.34:799
[38] Ricciardolo FL, Sterk PJ, Gaston B, Folkerts G: Nitric oxide in health and disease of the respiratory system. Physiol Rev 2004, 84:731～765.
[39] Ten Broeke R,Folkerts G,Leusink-Muis T,Van Der Linde HJ,Villain M,Manion MK,De Clerck F, Blalock JE, Nijkamp FP: Calcium sensors as new therapeutic targets for airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma. Faseb J 2001,15:1831～1833
[40] Kranse DS, Fackler MJ, Civin Cl, et al. CD34: Structure, bio1ogy, and clinical utility. Blood,1996; 87:1～13
[41]奚永志,李秀森,张双喜等.人正常骨髓CD34+造血细胞的形态学与细胞化学特征.中华血液学杂志,1997;18:130～132
[42] Denburg JA,Sehmi R,Saito H,et al. Systemic aspects of allergic disease:bone marrow responses.J Allergy Clin Immunol,2000,106(5Suppl):242～246.
[43] Casale TB,Amin BV. Allergic rhinitis /asthma interrelationship.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2001,21:27～49.
[44]毛辉,王曾礼,刘春涛.骨髓中表达白细胞介素5受体mRNA的CD34细胞与支气管哮喘气道炎症的关系.中华结核和呼吸杂志,2003,26:152～156.
[45] Lee JJ.Lnterleukin-5 expression in the lung epithelium of transgenic mice leads to Pulmonary changes pathogmomonix of asthma.. J Exp Med , 1977,185:2143～218
[46] Hamellmann E,Gelfand EW.Il-5-induced airway eosinophilia-the key to asthma? Immunological Reniews,2001,179:182～191.
[47] Suhwarze J. Il-5 and eosinophils are essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Immunol,1999,162:2997～3004
[48]张罗,周兵,韩德民,等.变应性鼻炎研究进展(二):药物治疗.耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科, 2003, 10 (6) : 368～374 .
[49]张罗,韩德民,顾之燕.抗组胺药物H1受体拮抗剂的临床药理学(一):组胺、组胺受体和抗组胺药物.中国耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,2005,12(1):61-64 .
[50]张罗,周兵,韩德民,等.变应性鼻炎研究进展(三):鼻用皮质类固醇的药理作用.耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科, 2004,11 (1) : 67～72
[1] G rossman J . O ne airway , one disease[J]. Chest,1997.111(2Suppl):11S-16S.
[2] Borish L. Allergic rhinitis:Systemic inflammation and implications for management [J].J Allergy Clin Immunol,2003,112:1021-1031.
[3] Ohkawara Y, Lei XF, Stampfli MR, et al.Cytokine and eosinophil responses in the lung, peripheral blood, and bone marrow compartmentsin a murine model of allergen-induced airways inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1997, 16: 510-520
[4] Borish L,et al. Allergic rhinitis: systemic inflammation and implications for management .J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003, 112: 1021-1031
[5] Bousquet J , Van Cauwenberge P , Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma.J Allergy Clin Immunol ,2001,108:147-334.
[6] Godthelp T, Fokkens WJ , Kleinjan A ,et al . Antigen presenting cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis during allergen provocation. Clin Exp Allergy ,1996,26(6):677-688.
[7] Calman P,Dean DM.IgE ast cell basophils and eosinophils.J Allergy Clin Immunol ,2003,111: 486-494.
[8] Verelli D. The regulation of IgE synthesis. Clin Allergy Immunol ,2002,16:179-196.
[9] Oettgen HC ,Geha RS. IgE regulation and roles in asthma pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2001,107:429-440.
[10] Turner H,Kinet JP. Sinaling through the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI. Nature ,1999,402:24-30.
[11] Naclerio RM.Allergic rhinitis.N Engl J Med,1991,325(12):860-869.
[12] Shimizu T, Hirano H ,Majima Y, et al . A Mechanism of Antigen induced Mucus Production in Nasal Epithelium of Sensitized Rats A Comparison with Lipopolysaccharide O induced Mucus Production. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,2000,161(5):648-654.
[13] Wilson SJ,Shute JK,Holgate ST, et al. nterleukin IL-4 but not IL-5 to human mast cell secretory granules by immunoelectron microscopy. Clinical and ExperimentalAllergy,2000,30:493-500.
[14] Southam DS , Widmer N , Ellis R , et al . Increased eosinphil lineage committed progenitors in the lung of allergen challeng edmice. J Allergy Clin Immunol ,2005 ,115 :95-102.
[15] Ciprandi G, Cirillo I ,Vizzaccaro A , et al . Nasal Obstruction in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis : Relationships between Allergic Inflammation and Nasal Airflow. lnt Arch Allergy Immunol,2004,134:34-40.
[16] Martin LM,Kita H ,Leiferman KM, et al . Eosinophils in allergy: role in disease , degranulation and cytokines. Int Arch Allergy Immunol , 1996,109:207-215.
[17] Zhao LL, Linden A ,Sjostrand M, et al.IL-12 regulates bone marrow eosinophilia and airway eotaxin levels induced by airway allergenexposure.Allergy,2000,55 :749-756.
[18] Saito H , Howie K, Wattie J ,et al .Allergen 2induced murine upper airway inflammation : local and systemic changes in murine experimental allergic rhinitis. Immunology , 2001,104(2):226-234.
[19] Hafez SF, Sallam MM, Ibraheem SA Local expression of IL-4and IL-5 in perennial allergic rhinitis and their modulation by topical corticosteroid therapy. Egypt J Immunol , 2004,11(1):111-121.
[20] Bensch GW, Nelson HS , Borish LC. Evaluation of cytokines in nasal secretions after nasal antigen challenge : lack of influence of antihistamines. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, 2002,88(5):457-462.
[21] Okano M,Satoskar AR ,Abe M,et al . Interleukin-4 independent production of Th2 cytokines by nasal lymphocytes and nasal eosinophilia in murine allergic rhinitis. Allergy, 2000,55:723-731.
[22] Masashi Y, Nobuaki M, Kazutoyo S, et al. Involvement of interLeukin-5 or eosinophils in experimental allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs. European Journal of Pharmacology ,2002,439:159-169.
[23] Yamagishi S , Ohnishi M, Pawankar R. IL 21 and TNF-alpha mediated regulation of IL-6 , IL-8 and GM-CSF release from cultured nasal epithelial cells. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho Journal of the Oto-Rhino Laryngological Society of Japan, 2000,103(7):829-835.
[24] Pullerits T, Linden A, Malmhall C, et al Effect of seasonal allergen exposure on mucosal IL-16 and CD4+cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy , 2001,56(9):871-877.
[25] Verhaeghe B, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, et al. Up 2regulation of IL-18 in allergicrhinitis. Allergy , 2002,57(9): 825-830.
[26] Benson M, Carlsson B ,Carlsson LM, et al .Increased expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 2A in seasonal allergic rhinitis. CYTOKINE , 2002,20(6):268-273.
[27] Denburg JA, Sehmi R, Saito H, et al. Systemic aspects of allergic disease: bone marrow responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol,2000,106(5Suppl): 242-246.
[28]中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科学分会,中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志编辑委员会.变应性鼻炎诊断和疗效评定标准(1997,海口).中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志,1998,33:134-135.
[29] Casale TB,Amin BV. Allergic rhinitis /asthma interrelationship. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 2001,21:27-49.
[30] Chakir J, Laviolette M, Turcotte H, et al. Cytokine expression in the lower airways of non-asthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis: influence of natural allergen exposure. Allergy Clin Immunol,2000;106:901-910.
[31] Inman MD, Ellis R, Wattie J, et al. Allergen-induced increase in airway responsiveness, airway eosinophilia, and bone-marrow eosinophil progenitors in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol,1999,21:474-479.
[32] Inman MD. Bone marrow events in animal models of allergic inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2000,106(5Suppl): S235-241.
[33]毛辉,王曾礼,刘春涛.骨髓中表达白细胞介素5受体mRNA的CD34细胞与支气管哮喘气道炎症的关系.中华结核和呼吸杂志,2003,26:152-156.
[34] Figueroa DJ,Breyer RM,Defoe SK,et al. Expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor in normal human lung and peripheral blood leukocytes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2001,163:226-233.
[35] Dorman SC,Efthimiadis A,Babirad I,et al. Sputum CD34 IL- 5R alphacells increase after allergen: evidence for in situ eosinophilopoiesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004,169:573-577.
[36] Kim YK,Uno M,Hamilos DL,et al. Immunolocalization of CD34 in Nasal Polyposis. Effect of topical corticosteroids. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1999,20:388-397.
[37]王向东,韩德民,周兵等.白细胞介素5调节变应性鼻炎骨髓反应的实验研究.中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志.2003, 38(6): 448～450.
[38]杜建新,郭其森,鞠兴东,等.支气管哮喘患者外周血CD34 +细胞、白细胞介素-5和嗜酸粒细胞的变化及其意义[J].中国呼吸与危重监护杂志, 2005; 4(2): 119-211.
[39]吴昌归,毛宝龄,孙滨.血管活性肠肽对嗜酸性粒细胞释放和黏附功能的影响及机理[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2000;16(3):392-411