充气强化的微生物浸出试验研究
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摘要
溶浸采矿技术,尤其是微生物浸出技术能够较好回收低品位矿物中的有用成分,拓宽了地下矿产资源的利用范围,为满足世界日益增长的金属需求开辟了新的途径。然而,该技术对低品位原生硫化铜矿浸出速度慢、浸出率低的问题一直无法从根本上得到解决。
论文结合国家“973”重点基础研究发展规划项目“微生物浸出体系多因素强关联”(2004CB619205)、国家杰出青年科学基金项目“散体多相介质中多级渗流传质的动力学研究”(50325415)和国家自然科学基金项目“应力波作用下溶浸液在堆浸散体介质中的流动机理研究”(50574099)等科研课题的部分研究内容,以改善低品位难浸硫化矿物的浸出效果为目的,以德兴铜矿硫化矿物为研究对象,通过理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟等方法,以充气强化微生物浸出技术研究为主线,主要完成了如下研究工作:
(1)从浸出化学和矿物学的角度阐述了硫化矿物的微生物浸出机理,介绍了适合浸矿的微生物种类及其生长特性,总结了目前国内外影响最大的几种关于微生物作用原理的学说,对气液两相渗流理论进行了总结和分析。
(2)开展了微生物浸出的充气强化试验,主要考察了含气率、孔隙结构、气泡尺寸等三因素对浸出率、细菌浓度、总铁浓度等指标的综合影响,探明了各因素的主次关系以及因素和指标之间的内在联系,并得出了表征孔隙率、充气速度、气嘴尺寸和Cu~(2+)浓度之间关系的回归方程。
(3)引入了中高温堆浸概念,围绕矿堆模型进行了温度场分析,研究了充气强化在中高温堆浸技术中的作用以及中高温堆浸所需的新工艺和新措施,系统描述了中高温堆浸技术的基本工艺流程和操作步骤。
(4)运用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟软件对充气强化堆浸过程进行了数值模拟,对比分析了常规堆浸与充气强化堆浸过程中渗流场和溶氧分布的特性,验证了试验结果的准确性。
Solution mining technology, especially the bioleaching technology, is a better way to recover the useful components from low-grade minerals, which has improved the availability of underground mineral resources conservation. However, while it was applied to treat with low-grade primary sulfide ore, this technique has some disadvantages of low leaching velocity and low leaching rate and can not be resolved fundamentally.
This thesis is supported by the "973" National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China "The Multifactor Strong Relating in Leaching System "(2004CB619205), the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China "The Study on Dynamics of Multilevel Seepage and Mass Transfer in Multiphase Granular Medium"(503254l5), the National Natural Science Fund of China "the study on solution seepage mechanism in heap leaching granular medium under the function of stress wave "(50574099), and so on. Combining with partial research work of these programs, this thesis aims at increasing the leaching rate of low grade sulfide minerals. Through theoretical analysis, indoor experiments, numerical simulation methods and so on, the work focuses on aeration intensified heap bioleaching, and the main contents are as follows:
(1) The mechanism of sulfide bioleaching was expounded by the viewpoints of leaching chemistry and mineralogy. The microorganisms available for leaching and their growth characteristics were introduced. Several doctrines about bioleaching mechanism, famous at home and abroad, were summarized. Theories of gas-liquid seepage were summarized and analyzed.
(2) A series of experiments of aeration assisted bioleaching were carried out, and the combined influence of air rate, pore structure, bubble size, etc. on leaching rate, bacteria concentration, TFe concentration, etc. was investigated. The ordering relation of the factors and the internal relations between the factors and the variables were proved up, and the regression equation shown the relation of porosity, aeration velocity, gas-jet size and Cu~(2+) concentration was obtained.
(3) A new concept of medium-high temperature heap leaching was inducted. The temperature field of heap model was analyzed. The functions of aeration in medium-high temperature heap leaching and some new techniques and measures needed by the medium-high temperature heap leaching technology were studied and the basic technological flow and operate procedures were described systematically.
(4) The process of aeration assisted heap leaching was numerically simulated by the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The specialities of seepage field and dissolved O~2 distribution in classical heap leaching process and aeration assisted heap leaching process were comparatively analyzed, and the experimental results were proved.
论文结合国家“973”重点基础研究发展规划项目“微生物浸出体系多因素强关联”(2004CB619205)、国家杰出青年科学基金项目“散体多相介质中多级渗流传质的动力学研究”(50325415)和国家自然科学基金项目“应力波作用下溶浸液在堆浸散体介质中的流动机理研究”(50574099)等科研课题的部分研究内容,以改善低品位难浸硫化矿物的浸出效果为目的,以德兴铜矿硫化矿物为研究对象,通过理论分析、室内试验、数值模拟等方法,以充气强化微生物浸出技术研究为主线,主要完成了如下研究工作:
(1)从浸出化学和矿物学的角度阐述了硫化矿物的微生物浸出机理,介绍了适合浸矿的微生物种类及其生长特性,总结了目前国内外影响最大的几种关于微生物作用原理的学说,对气液两相渗流理论进行了总结和分析。
(2)开展了微生物浸出的充气强化试验,主要考察了含气率、孔隙结构、气泡尺寸等三因素对浸出率、细菌浓度、总铁浓度等指标的综合影响,探明了各因素的主次关系以及因素和指标之间的内在联系,并得出了表征孔隙率、充气速度、气嘴尺寸和Cu~(2+)浓度之间关系的回归方程。
(3)引入了中高温堆浸概念,围绕矿堆模型进行了温度场分析,研究了充气强化在中高温堆浸技术中的作用以及中高温堆浸所需的新工艺和新措施,系统描述了中高温堆浸技术的基本工艺流程和操作步骤。
(4)运用COMSOL Multiphysics数值模拟软件对充气强化堆浸过程进行了数值模拟,对比分析了常规堆浸与充气强化堆浸过程中渗流场和溶氧分布的特性,验证了试验结果的准确性。
Solution mining technology, especially the bioleaching technology, is a better way to recover the useful components from low-grade minerals, which has improved the availability of underground mineral resources conservation. However, while it was applied to treat with low-grade primary sulfide ore, this technique has some disadvantages of low leaching velocity and low leaching rate and can not be resolved fundamentally.
This thesis is supported by the "973" National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China "The Multifactor Strong Relating in Leaching System "(2004CB619205), the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China "The Study on Dynamics of Multilevel Seepage and Mass Transfer in Multiphase Granular Medium"(503254l5), the National Natural Science Fund of China "the study on solution seepage mechanism in heap leaching granular medium under the function of stress wave "(50574099), and so on. Combining with partial research work of these programs, this thesis aims at increasing the leaching rate of low grade sulfide minerals. Through theoretical analysis, indoor experiments, numerical simulation methods and so on, the work focuses on aeration intensified heap bioleaching, and the main contents are as follows:
(1) The mechanism of sulfide bioleaching was expounded by the viewpoints of leaching chemistry and mineralogy. The microorganisms available for leaching and their growth characteristics were introduced. Several doctrines about bioleaching mechanism, famous at home and abroad, were summarized. Theories of gas-liquid seepage were summarized and analyzed.
(2) A series of experiments of aeration assisted bioleaching were carried out, and the combined influence of air rate, pore structure, bubble size, etc. on leaching rate, bacteria concentration, TFe concentration, etc. was investigated. The ordering relation of the factors and the internal relations between the factors and the variables were proved up, and the regression equation shown the relation of porosity, aeration velocity, gas-jet size and Cu~(2+) concentration was obtained.
(3) A new concept of medium-high temperature heap leaching was inducted. The temperature field of heap model was analyzed. The functions of aeration in medium-high temperature heap leaching and some new techniques and measures needed by the medium-high temperature heap leaching technology were studied and the basic technological flow and operate procedures were described systematically.
(4) The process of aeration assisted heap leaching was numerically simulated by the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The specialities of seepage field and dissolved O~2 distribution in classical heap leaching process and aeration assisted heap leaching process were comparatively analyzed, and the experimental results were proved.
引文
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