聚取代苯胺及其与锌锰镍铁氧体复合物的制备及电磁性质研究
|
摘要
近年来,具有磁行为的导电聚合物和含有导电聚合物的磁性纳米微粒的合成已引起了人们极大的关注。
在众多导电聚合物中,聚苯胺(PANI)由于电导率高、质轻、掺杂态和未掺杂态的环境稳定性好、易于制备、单体的成本低等优点,已在防静电、微波吸收、电磁屏蔽等领域具有广泛的用途。但聚苯胺的难溶和难加工性使其应用受到限制,而聚取代苯胺则是解决以上问题的可能途径之一。取代苯胺是指苯环上的氢原子或氨基N原子上的氢被其他基团(烷基,烷氧基,卤素等)所取代,其性质随取代基的类型而异,且取代基的影响能够弥补聚苯胺在应用技术上的不足。如果将具有电损耗功能的聚苯胺或取代聚苯胺与具有磁损耗功能的铁氧体进行适当的复合,就有可能使该复合材料在保持各个组分材料某些特点的基础上,具有组分间协同作用所产生的综合性能。并可以通过调节各组元的相对含量实现对复合材料电磁性能的调控,弥补了单一材料的缺点,为制备电磁屏蔽、电磁波损耗吸收剂等功能材料和拓宽材料的应用领域提供了新的发展空间。基于上述目的,本论文将锌锰镍软磁铁氧体与取代聚苯胺(苯胺)复合,以期能够在拓宽其应用范围的前提下进一步提高复合材料的电磁损耗性能。
本论文用化学共沉淀法制备了锌锰镍铁氧体(ZMNFO)纳米粉末,用原位聚合法制备了苯胺/氯代苯胺的共聚物(PAn-co-P2ClPAn)、聚邻甲基苯胺(POT)、聚N-甲基苯胺(PNMAn)及其与锌锰镍铁氧体的各种复合物PAn-co-P2ClPAn/ZMNFO、POT/ZMNFO和PNMAn/ZMNFO。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了样品的微结构,微观形貌和热稳定性。实验结果证实了复合物是由导电聚合物和铁氧体纳米粒子组成的具有核-壳结构的复合体系。磁性纳米粒子的引入提高了复合物的热稳定性。
用四探针电导率仪、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和阻抗/材料分析仪分别测定了样品的导电率、饱和磁化强度和矫顽力以及复介电常数和复磁导率,计算了样品的电损耗因子tanδ_e和磁损耗因子tanδ_m。结果表明:复合物的导电率比聚合物小,且随铁氧体含量的增加而减小,其主要原因是铁氧体几乎为绝缘性粒子,铁氧体含量的增加降低了聚合物共轭链的连续性和掺杂度,导致复合物的导电性降低;复合物的饱和磁化强度随着磁性粒子含量的增加而增大,而矫顽力较小且变化不大;复合物以磁损耗为主,由于磁含量小,磁损耗正切值tanδ_m比纯铁氧体小,且随着磁含量的增大而增大。此外,复合物也有较好的介电损耗性能,且tanδ_e。值出现了比纯聚合物大的现象,说明复合物的双组元间有较强的相互作用,其协同效应使介电损耗增大。
In the recent years,the synthesis of conductive polymers with the magnetic behavior and the magnetic nano-particles including conductive polymers has attracted people great attentions.
Among the whole conducting polymers,polyaniline(PAn) has a specific situation because of its simply synthesis,environmental stability,low price,light mass and doping with protonic acids and can be widely used in such fields as antistatic conductive,microwave absorption,electromagnetic shielding and so on.However,the major disadvantage of PAn is its insolubility in common organic solvents and its infusibility because of the strongπconjugate action.There are some possible methods for preparing soluble PAns.One of these methods is to substitute one or more hydrogens by an alkyl,an alkoxy,an amino group,or halogen on the benzene ring or -N atom.
Different substituted anilines have different properties and they can remedy the defects of polyaniliane.So compounding the polyaniline or poly substituted-aniline with ferrite by proper ways will provide the composites a better comprehensive performance and the original characteristic of constituents be kept.
Adjusting the composition of composites has an effect on the electromagnetic properties of composites and can make up for the deficiency of single component ferrite and polymers.So this method brought the more vast development space for the practical application of electromagnetic materials.Desiring the above purposes,we prepare the substituted polyaniline and substituted polyaniline/Zn_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Fe_2O_4 composites and wish to improve the electromagnetic loss properties of composites under the premise of widen their application range.
In this article,the Zn_(0.6)Mn_(0.4-x)NixFe_2O_4(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) magnetic particles were prepared by the chemical coprecipitation and the Zn_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Fe_2O_4(ZMNF) was used to prepared composites.The copolymers(aniline-co-2chloroaniline) (PAn-co-P2ClPAn),poly(o-methylaniline)(POT),poly(N-methylaniline)(PNMAn), polyaniline(PAn) and their composites(polymer/ZMNF) with different ZMNF mass fraction were synthesized by in-situ aqueous polymerization.
The structure of samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),and the particle sizes and morphologies of samples were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The thermal stability of samples was measured by thermogravimetric analysis(TANA).The results revealed that the ferrite particles were wrapping well by polymers and form the core-shell structure,and the incorporation of ferrite improved the thermal stability of composites.
The conductivity,saturation magnetization and electromagnetic loss parameters (tanδ_m,tanδ_e) of samples were measured.The results indicated that the conductivity of composites decreased with reduction of the conducting polymer content.The reason is that the continuity and doping degree of plymers decrease with the increase content of the hardly insulating ZMNF.The saturation magnetization decreases were lower than that of pure ferrite,and decreased with decreasing of ZMNF content.Moreover their coercive force was very little.In addition,the results showed that the tanδ_m decrease with the decreasing of ZMNF content,which was related to the volume fraction of ferrite particles.The results showed tanδ_e in some composites was larger than pure polymers,which applied a coordinate effect occurred between polymers and ZMNF particles.This indicated that the composites exhibited the strong interfacial polarization between polymers and ZMNF particles.And the interfacial interaction changed with the content change of polymers.
在众多导电聚合物中,聚苯胺(PANI)由于电导率高、质轻、掺杂态和未掺杂态的环境稳定性好、易于制备、单体的成本低等优点,已在防静电、微波吸收、电磁屏蔽等领域具有广泛的用途。但聚苯胺的难溶和难加工性使其应用受到限制,而聚取代苯胺则是解决以上问题的可能途径之一。取代苯胺是指苯环上的氢原子或氨基N原子上的氢被其他基团(烷基,烷氧基,卤素等)所取代,其性质随取代基的类型而异,且取代基的影响能够弥补聚苯胺在应用技术上的不足。如果将具有电损耗功能的聚苯胺或取代聚苯胺与具有磁损耗功能的铁氧体进行适当的复合,就有可能使该复合材料在保持各个组分材料某些特点的基础上,具有组分间协同作用所产生的综合性能。并可以通过调节各组元的相对含量实现对复合材料电磁性能的调控,弥补了单一材料的缺点,为制备电磁屏蔽、电磁波损耗吸收剂等功能材料和拓宽材料的应用领域提供了新的发展空间。基于上述目的,本论文将锌锰镍软磁铁氧体与取代聚苯胺(苯胺)复合,以期能够在拓宽其应用范围的前提下进一步提高复合材料的电磁损耗性能。
本论文用化学共沉淀法制备了锌锰镍铁氧体(ZMNFO)纳米粉末,用原位聚合法制备了苯胺/氯代苯胺的共聚物(PAn-co-P2ClPAn)、聚邻甲基苯胺(POT)、聚N-甲基苯胺(PNMAn)及其与锌锰镍铁氧体的各种复合物PAn-co-P2ClPAn/ZMNFO、POT/ZMNFO和PNMAn/ZMNFO。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了样品的微结构,微观形貌和热稳定性。实验结果证实了复合物是由导电聚合物和铁氧体纳米粒子组成的具有核-壳结构的复合体系。磁性纳米粒子的引入提高了复合物的热稳定性。
用四探针电导率仪、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和阻抗/材料分析仪分别测定了样品的导电率、饱和磁化强度和矫顽力以及复介电常数和复磁导率,计算了样品的电损耗因子tanδ_e和磁损耗因子tanδ_m。结果表明:复合物的导电率比聚合物小,且随铁氧体含量的增加而减小,其主要原因是铁氧体几乎为绝缘性粒子,铁氧体含量的增加降低了聚合物共轭链的连续性和掺杂度,导致复合物的导电性降低;复合物的饱和磁化强度随着磁性粒子含量的增加而增大,而矫顽力较小且变化不大;复合物以磁损耗为主,由于磁含量小,磁损耗正切值tanδ_m比纯铁氧体小,且随着磁含量的增大而增大。此外,复合物也有较好的介电损耗性能,且tanδ_e。值出现了比纯聚合物大的现象,说明复合物的双组元间有较强的相互作用,其协同效应使介电损耗增大。
In the recent years,the synthesis of conductive polymers with the magnetic behavior and the magnetic nano-particles including conductive polymers has attracted people great attentions.
Among the whole conducting polymers,polyaniline(PAn) has a specific situation because of its simply synthesis,environmental stability,low price,light mass and doping with protonic acids and can be widely used in such fields as antistatic conductive,microwave absorption,electromagnetic shielding and so on.However,the major disadvantage of PAn is its insolubility in common organic solvents and its infusibility because of the strongπconjugate action.There are some possible methods for preparing soluble PAns.One of these methods is to substitute one or more hydrogens by an alkyl,an alkoxy,an amino group,or halogen on the benzene ring or -N atom.
Different substituted anilines have different properties and they can remedy the defects of polyaniliane.So compounding the polyaniline or poly substituted-aniline with ferrite by proper ways will provide the composites a better comprehensive performance and the original characteristic of constituents be kept.
Adjusting the composition of composites has an effect on the electromagnetic properties of composites and can make up for the deficiency of single component ferrite and polymers.So this method brought the more vast development space for the practical application of electromagnetic materials.Desiring the above purposes,we prepare the substituted polyaniline and substituted polyaniline/Zn_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Fe_2O_4 composites and wish to improve the electromagnetic loss properties of composites under the premise of widen their application range.
In this article,the Zn_(0.6)Mn_(0.4-x)NixFe_2O_4(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) magnetic particles were prepared by the chemical coprecipitation and the Zn_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Fe_2O_4(ZMNF) was used to prepared composites.The copolymers(aniline-co-2chloroaniline) (PAn-co-P2ClPAn),poly(o-methylaniline)(POT),poly(N-methylaniline)(PNMAn), polyaniline(PAn) and their composites(polymer/ZMNF) with different ZMNF mass fraction were synthesized by in-situ aqueous polymerization.
The structure of samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),and the particle sizes and morphologies of samples were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The thermal stability of samples was measured by thermogravimetric analysis(TANA).The results revealed that the ferrite particles were wrapping well by polymers and form the core-shell structure,and the incorporation of ferrite improved the thermal stability of composites.
The conductivity,saturation magnetization and electromagnetic loss parameters (tanδ_m,tanδ_e) of samples were measured.The results indicated that the conductivity of composites decreased with reduction of the conducting polymer content.The reason is that the continuity and doping degree of plymers decrease with the increase content of the hardly insulating ZMNF.The saturation magnetization decreases were lower than that of pure ferrite,and decreased with decreasing of ZMNF content.Moreover their coercive force was very little.In addition,the results showed that the tanδ_m decrease with the decreasing of ZMNF content,which was related to the volume fraction of ferrite particles.The results showed tanδ_e in some composites was larger than pure polymers,which applied a coordinate effect occurred between polymers and ZMNF particles.This indicated that the composites exhibited the strong interfacial polarization between polymers and ZMNF particles.And the interfacial interaction changed with the content change of polymers.
引文
[1]王东周,李光,江建明.导电高分子研究概述[J].合成技术及应用,2001.16(3):36-39.
[2]于黄中,陈明光,贝承训,等.导电聚苯胺的特性、应用及进展.[J]高分子材料科学与工程,2003,19(4):18-21.
[3]NICOLAOU M C.The Magnesium Silicide Germanide Stannide Alloy:A New Concept in Thermoelectric Energy Conversion.Proceeding of the 4~(th) Internation Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion[C].NEW YORK:NICOLAOU M C 1982:83-86.
[4]王佛松,王利详.聚苯胺的掺杂反应[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版,1993(6):65-73.
[5]PREVOST V,PETIT A.Studies on chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline ano-alkoxysulfonated anilines Ⅱ.Mechanistic approach and monomer reactivit ratios [J].European Polymer,Journal,1999,35(7):1229-1236.
[6]MATTOSO L H,MANOHAR S K,MACDIARMID A G,et al.Studies on chemicaoxidative copolymerization of aniline and o-alkoxysulfonated anilines[J].Polym Sci,1995,33(6):1227-1234.
[7]HWANG G W,WU K Y,LEE H T,CHEN S A.Structures and properties of the soluble polyanilines,N-alkylated emeraldine bases[J].Synth.Met,1998,92(1):39-46.
[8]MATTOSO L H,MANOHAR S K,MACDIARMID A G,et al.Studies on the Chemical Syntheses and on the Characteristics of Polyaniline Derivatives[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1995,33(8):1227-1234.
[9]LI S Z,CAOY,XUE Z J.Soluble polyaniline[J].Synth Met,1987,20(2):141-149
[10]GUMBS R W.Synthesis of electrically conductive vinyl copolymers[J].Synth Met,1994,64(1):27-31.
[11]JIANG H,GENG Y H,JIANG X B,et al.Organic acid doped polyaniline Derivatives[J].SynthMet,1997(84):125-126.
[12]PALANINAPPAN S,Chemical copolymerization of aniline withoff- chloroaniline:thermal stability by spectral studies[J].Polym Int,2000,49:659-662.
[13]GOK A,SARI B,TALU M.Chemical preparation of conducting poly-furan /poly(2-chloroaniline) composites and their properties:A comparison of their components,polyfuran and poly(2-chloroaniline)[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2003,88(13):2924-2931.
[14]江明,府寿宽.高分子科学的近代论题.[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1997.212-230.
[15]陆珉,吴益华,姜海夏.导电聚苯胺的特性及应用.[J]化工新型材料,1997,25,(11):16-20.
[16]ASTURIAS G E,MADIARMID A G.The oxidation state of "emeraldine" base [J].Synthetic Metals,1989,29:E157-162.
[17]WANG L X,JING X B,WANG F S.Polytoluidines with different degree of oxidation and their doping with HCL[J].Sythetic Metals,1989,29:E363-E370.
[18]万梅香,黄维恒,闻建勋.高技术有机高分子材料进展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1994.
[19]MACDIARMID A G,CHIANG J C,RICHTER A F,et al.Polyaniline:A new concept in conducting polymers.[J]Sythetic Metals,1987,18(1-3):285-290.
[20]YASUDA A,SHIMIDZU T.Chemical and electrochemical analyses of polyaniline prepared with FeCl_3[J].Synth.Met.,199361(3):239-245.
[21]LANGER J.Unusual properties of the aniline black:Does the superconductivity exist at room temperature?[J].Solid State Commu.,1978,26(11) 839-844.
[22]DIAZ A F,CASTILLO J I,LOGAN J A,et al.Electroactive poltaniline film[J].J.Electroanal.Chem,1980,111(1):111 - 114.
[23]MINAMI T,KUROI Y,MIYATA T,et al.ZnGa2O4 as host material for multicolor-emitting phosphor layer of electroluminescent devices[J].J.Luminescence,1997,72-74:997-998.
[24]Flynn M,Kitai A H.ZnGa_2O_4:Mn phosphors for thin-film electroluminescent displays exhibiting improved brightness[J].J.Eleetroehem.Soc.2001,148(10):H149-H153.
[25]黄淘,黄英,贺金瑞.吸波材料研究进展[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2003,1:37-40.
[26]SINGH P,BABBAR V K,RAZDAN A.et al.Complex permeability and permittivity,and microwave absorption studies of Ca(CoTi)xFe12-2xO19hexaferrite composites in X-band microwave frequencies[J].Materials Science Engineering B,1999,67(3):132-138.
[27]邢丽英.隐身材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[28]RUAN S P,XU BK,SUO H,et al.Microwave absorptive behavior of ZnCo-substituted W-type Ba hexaferrite nanocrystalline composite material[J].J Magn Magn Mater,2000,21(1-2):175-177.
[29]胡传炘.隐身涂层技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[30]张变芳,闫宗林,唐贵德,等.几种尖晶石铁氧体的制备及磁性研究[J].机械工程材料,2005,(8):55-61.
[31]牛紫平,王颖,发伸.溶胶-凝胶法制备的Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4铁氧体纳米颗粒的离子迁移[J].磁性材料及器件2006,37(3):31-33.
[32]韩冰,杨桂琴,严乐美,等.纳米尖晶石型Ni_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4的水热合成及磁性分析[J].化学世界,2004,12:623-626.
[33]阳征会,龚竹青,李宏煦,等.Ni-Zn铁氧体粉体的水热法制备与磁性研究[J].矿冶工程,2006,26(4):39-42.
[34]曹慧群,魏波,刘剑洪,等.水热法制备纳米镍锌铁氧体粉体及其磁性能.[J]硅酸盐学报,2007,35(6):713-716.
[35]刘常坤.CoFe_2O_4超细微粒催化剂的制备、性能与表征[J].功能材料,1997,28(4):427-428
[36]MOUMEN N,LISIECKI I,PILENI M P.Micellar factors which play a role in the control of the nanosize particles of cobalt ferrite[J].Supramol Sci,1995,2(3-4):161-168.
[37]ARCOS D,VALEUZUELA R,V(?)ZQUEZ M,et al.Chemical homogeneity of nanocrystalline Zn-Mn spinel ferrites obtained by high-energy ball milling[J].J Solid State Chem,1998,141(1):10-16.
[38]姚志强,王琴,钟炳.超临界流体干燥法制备锰锌铁氧体超细粉末[J].磁性 材料与器件,1998,29(1):6-9.
[39]ROY R.Selective laser sintering characteristics of nylon-b/clay-reiforced nanocomposites.Sci.1987,238:1664-1673.
[40]生瑜,朱德乾,陈建定.聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的制备方法[J].高分子通报,2001,4(5):9-15.
[41]ZHITOMIRSKY I.Electrosynthesis of organic-inorganic nanocomposites.[J].Journal of Materials Science,2006,41(24):8186-8195.
[42]TANG B Z,GENG Y H,LI B S,et al.Processible Nanostructured Materials with Electrical Conductivity and Magnetic Susceptibility:Preparation and Properties of Maghemite/Polyaniline Nanocomposite Films[J].Chem Mater,1999,11(6):1581-1589.
[43]XU J C,LIU W M,LI H L.Titanium dioxide doped polyaniline[J].Materials Science and Engineering:C,2005,25(4):444-447.
[44]DENG J G,DING X B,ZHANG W C.et al.Magnetic and conducting Fe_3O_4-cross-linked polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell strtcture[J].Polymer,2002,43:2179-2184.
[45]KIM B H,JUNG J H,HONG S H,et al.Physical characterization of emulsion intercalated polyaniline-clay nanocomposite[J].Current Appl Phys,2001,1(1):112-115.
[46]WING G M,CHEN H,ZHANG H,et al.Current-voltage characteristics of TiO_2/PPy complex films[J].Phys Lett A,1998,237(3):165-168.
[47]URI K,ANNAPOORNI S,TANDON R P,et al.Nanocomposite of polypyrrole-iron oxide by simultaneous gelation and polymerization[J]Synth Metals,2002,126(2-3):137-142.
[48]ZHANG Z M,WAN M X.Nanostructures of polyaniline composites containing nano-magnet[J].Synth Metals,2003,132(2):205-212.
[49]李玲,龚克成.超声波在纳米材料合成中的应用[J].材料导报,1998,12(4):18-19.
[50]QIU G,WANG Q,NIE M.Polyaniline/Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanocomposite prepared by ultrasonic irradiation[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2006,102(3):2107-2111.
[51]YAN M,HU J,LUO W,et al.Preparation and investigation of low firing temperature NiCuZn ferrites with high relative initial permeability[J].J Magn Magn Mater,2006,303(1):249-255.
[52]WANG S F,WANG Y R,THOMAS C K,et al.Densification and magnetic properties of low-fire NiCuZn ferrites,[J].J Magn Magn Mater,2000,220(2-3):129-138.
[53]苏桦,张怀武,唐晓莉,等.平面薄膜电感的研究与开发现状[J].磁性材料及器件,2003,34(2):7-8.
[54]NAGAMATSU J,NAKAGAWA N,MURANKA T,et al.Superconductivity at 39K in Magnesium Diboride[J].Nature,2001,410:63-64.
[55]SHIRAKAWA H,LOUIS E J,MACDIARMID A G,et al.Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers:halogen derivatives of polyacetylene,(CH)_x[J].J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun,1977,16:578-580.
[56]GENIES E M,LAPKOWSKI M J.Spectroelectrochemical evidence for an intermediate in the electropolymerization of aniline[J].Electroanal.Chem,1987,236,(1-2):189-197.
[57]DIAZ A F,KANAZAWA K K,GARDINI G P,Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole[J].J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.,1979:635-636.
[58]穆绍林,陆友玲,钱必东,物理化学学报,聚邻甲苯胺的合成及物.[J]理化学性质1989,5(3):270-272.
[59]王利祥,景遐斌,倪少儒,王佛松.可溶性聚(o-,m-)甲苯胺[J].中国科学(B 辑),1989,19(2):129-135.
[60]WANG ZH,EPSTEIN A J,RAY A,et al.Electron localization in polyaniline and its derivatives[J].Synth.Met.,1991,41(1-2):749-752.
[61]BAGHERI A,NATEGHI M R,MASSOUMI A.Electrochemical synthesis of highly electroactive polydiphenylamine / polybenzidine copolymer in aqueous solutions[J].Synth.Me,1998,97(2):85-89.
[62]BEADLE P M,NICOLAU Y F,BANKA E,et al.Controlled polymerization of aniline at sub-zero temperatures[J].Synth.Met.,1998,95(1):29-45.
[63]MU S L.Electrochemical copolymerization of aniline and o-aminophenol[J].Synth.Met,2004,143(3):259-268.
[64]MOON Y B,CAO Y,SMITH P,et al.X-ray scattering from crystalline polyaniline[J].Polym.Commun.,1989,30(7),196-199.
[65]GOK A,OMASTOVA M,YAVUZ A G..Synthesis and characterization of polythiophenes prepared in the presence of surfactants[J].Synthetic Metals,2007,157:23-29.
[66]李伟平,刘顺华,段玉平,等.纳米导电聚苯胺的微观表征及其电磁性能[J].材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(3):376-379.
[67]万梅香.导电高聚物的微波吸收机理的研究[J].物理学报,1992,41(6):917-923.
[68]JIANG J,LI L C,XU F,XIE Y L.Preparation and magnetic properties of Zn-Cu-Cr-Sm ferrite via a rheological phase reaction method[J].Materials Science and Engineering B,2007,137(1-3):166-169.
[69]JIANG J,LI L C,XU F.Structural analysis and magnetic properties of Gd-doped Li-Ni ferrites prepared by the rheological phase method[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2007,25(1):79-83.
[70]ZHOU X C,JIANG J,LI L C.XU F.Preparation and magnetic properties of La-substituted Zn-Cu-Cr ferrites via a rheological phase reaction method[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,314(1):7-10.
[71]李良超,蒋静,周享春.MCr_2O_4(M=Co,Zn)纳米晶的合成及磁性研究[J].中国有色金属学报,2006,16(10):1761-1764.
[72]徐烽,李良超,蒋静,et al.Zn_(0.4)Ni_(0.6)Cr_(0.5)La_xFe_(1.5-x)O_4铁氧体纳米粉晶的制备及磁性[J].化学报,2007,65(9):816-820.
[73]SUWALKA O,SHARMA R K,SEBASTIAN V,et al.A study of nanosized Ni substituted Co-Zn ferrite prepared by coprecipitation[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials[J].2007,313(1):198-203.
[74]BU(?)KO M M,HABERKO K.Hydrothermal synthesis of nickel ferrite powders,their properties and sintering[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2007,27(2-3):723-727.
[75]ZAHI S,DAUD A R,HASHIM M,A comparative study of nickel-zinc ferrites by sol-gel route and solid-state reaction[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2007,106(2-3):452-456.
[76]ZHAO D,WU X,GUAN H,HAN E.Study on supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of CoFe_2O_4nanoparticles[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2007,42(2):226-233.
[77]VIDAL-VIDAL J,RIVAS J,L(?)PEZ-QUINTELA M A.Synthesis of monodisperse maghemite nanopartieles by the microemulsion method[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2006,288(1-3):44-51.
[78]桑商斌,黄可龙,古映莹.水热法制备的锌锰铁氧体纳米晶的离子分布、缺陷与磁性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(4):1041-1045.
[79]孙昌,孙康.M型钡铁氧体纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶制备与结晶特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(7):1172-1176.
[80]REZLESCU F,SACHELARIE L,POPA PD,et al.Effect of substitution of divalent ions on the electrical and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn-Me ferrites[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.2000,36(6):3962-3967.
[81]DIONNE G F,WEST R G.Magnetic and dielectric properties of the spinel ferrite system Ni_(0.65)Zn_(0.35)Fe_(2-x)Mn_xO[J].Appl.Phys.1987,61(8):3868-3870.
[82]PARVATHEESWARA R B,CATUNB O,CHO W S,et al.Synthesis and characterization of mixed ferrite nanoparticles[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Material,2007,310(2):e812-e814.
[83]蒋静,李良超,徐烽,等.聚苯胺-LiNi铁氧体复合纳米微粒的原位合成及其键合机制[J].化学学报,2007,65(1):53-58.
[84]BUENO A R,GREGORI M L,N(?)BREGA M C S.Effect of Mn substitution on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni_(0.50-x)Zn_(0.50-x)Mn_(2x)Fe_2O_4 ferriteprepared by the citrate-nitrate precursormethod[J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,2007,105(2-3):229-233.
[85]SINGH A K,SINGH A K,GOEL T C,MENDIRATTA R G.High performance Ni-substituted Mn-Zn ferrites processed by soft chemical technique[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2004,28(2-3):276-280.
[86]SINGH A K,VERMA A,THAKUR O P,et al.Electrical and magnetic properties of Mn-Ni-Zn ferrites processed by citrate precursor method[J].Materials Letters,2003,57(5-6):1040-1044.
[87]SINGH A K,GOEL T C,MENDIRATTA R G.Magnetic properties of Mnsubstituted Ni-Zn ferrites[J].J.Appl.Phys.2002,92(7):3872-3876.
[88]YAN M F,JOHNSON.D W.Impurity-Induced Exaggerated Grain Growth in Mn-Zn Ferrites[J].J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,1978,61(7-8):342-349.
[89]LIDE D R.CRC handbook of Chemistry and Physics,76th ed[M].CRC Press.Boca.Raton,FL,1995,Sect.8,47.
[90]LIN I N,MISHRA R,THOMAS G.Interaction of magnetic walls with microstructural features in spinel ferrites[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.1984,20(1):134-139.
[91]YOSHIMOTO S,OHASHI F,KAMEYAMA T.Simple preparation of sulfate anion-doped polyaniline-clay nanocomposites by an environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthesis route[J].Macromol.Rapid Commun.,2004,25(19):1687-1691.
[92]DU J,LIU Z,HAN B,et al.One-pot synthesis of the macroporous polyaniline microspheres and Ag / polyaniline core-shell particles[J].Micropor.Mesopor.Mat.,2005,84(1-3):254-260.
[93]QUILLARD S,LOUARN G,LEFRANT S,et al.Vibrational analysis of polyaniline:a comparative study of leucoemeraldine,emeraldine,and pemigraniline bases[J]. Phys.Rev.B,1994,50(17):12496-12508.
[94]KULKARNI M V,VISWANATH A K,MARIMUTHU R,et al.Spectroscopic,transport,and morphological studies of polyaniline doped with inorganic acids[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2004,44(9):1676-1681.
[95]WALDRON R D.Infrared spectra of ferrites[J].Phys.Rev.,1955,99(6-15):1727-1735.
[96]LI L C,JIANG J,XU F.Novel polyaniline-LiNi_(0.5)La_(0.02)Fe_(1.98)O_4 nanocomposites prepared via an in situ polymerization[J].J European Polymer,2006,42:2221-2227.
[97]MIZUTANI T,ARAI K,MIYAMOTO M,et al.Progress in Organic Coatings[J].Application of silica-containing nano-composite emulsion to wall paint:A new environmentally safe paint of high performance,2006,55(3):276-283.
[98]王亚强,李玉平,贺卫卫,等.核壳型纳米SiO_2-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及应用[J].涂料工业,2006,36(1):1-4.
[99]凌爱莲,杨冬玲,白金泉.纳米SiO_2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成及性能[J].化学与粘合,2005,27(3):143-145.
[100]LEE D,CHAR K.Thermal degradation behavior of polyaniline in polyaniline/Na~+-montmorillonite nanocomposites[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2002,75(3):555-560.
[101]GAN L M,ZHANG L H,CHAN H S O,et al.Preparation of conducting polyaniline-coated barium sulfate nanoparticles in inverse microemulsions[J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,1995,40(2):94-98.
[102]IZUMI C M S,CONSTANTINO V R L,FERREIRA A M C,et al.Spectroscopic characterization of polyaniline doped with transition metal salts[J].Synth.Met.,2006,156(9-10):654-663.
[103]LI X,WANG G,LI X.Surface modification ofnano-SiO_2 particles using polyaniline [J].Surf.Coat.Tech.,197(1):56-60.
[104]SAUZEDDE F,ELAISSARI A,PICHOT C.Hydrophilic magnetic polymer latexes.1.Adsorption of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles onto various cationic latexes[J].Colloid.Polym.Sci.,1999,277(9):846-855.Met.,1997,85(1-3):1323-1326.
[105]焦桓,周万成,罗发.Si/C/N晶须的微波介电性能[J].复合材料学报,2003,20(4):34-38.
[106]BURKE N A D,STOVER H D H,DAWSON F P.Magnetic nanocomposites:preparation and characterization of polymer-coated iron nanoparticles[J].Chem. Mater.,2002,14(11):4752-4761.
[107]ZHANG X Y,CHEN Y J.Role of microstructure on enhanced magneto- resistance in magnetite/graphite composite[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2004,270(1-2):203-207.
[108]KADAM S L,KANAMADI C M,PATANKAR K K,et al.Dielectric behaviour and magnetoelectric effect in Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)Fe_2O_4+Ba_(0.8)Pb_(0.2)TiO_3 ME composites[J].Mater.Lett.,2005,59(1-2):215-219
[109]FETISOV Y K,BUSH A A,KAMENTSEV K E,et al.Pyroelectric effects in magnetoelectric multilayer composites[J].Solid State Commun,2004,132(5):319-324.
[110]PENG C H,WANG H W,KAN S W,et al.Microwave absorbing materials using Ag-NiZn ferrite core-shell nanopowders as fillers[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2004,284:113-119.
[111]SHIN K H,INOUE M,ARJE K I.Elastically coupled magneto-electric elements with highly magnetostrictive amorphous films and PZT substrates[J].Smart Mater.Struct,2000,9(3):357-361.
[112]PIETO J L,ARORA C,LOPEZ E,et al.Magnetization processes and optimal performance of magnetostrictive piezoelectric sensors[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1996,79(9):7099-7105.
[113]MICHELENA M D,MONTERO F,SANCHEZ P.Piezoelectric-magnetostricti -ve magnetic sensor using stripe actuators[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater,2002,242(2):1160-1162.
[114]RYU J,PRIYA S,UCHINO K,et al.Magnetoelectric effect in composites of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials[J].J.Electroceram.,2002,8(2):107-119.
[115]王利祥,王佛松.取代苯胺的化学氧化聚合[J]高分子学报,1989,3:264-269.
[116]KILMARTIN P A,WRIGHT G A.Photoelectrochemistry and spectroscopy of substituted polyanilines[J].Synthetic Metals,1999,104(3):145-156.,
[117]TANG J S,JIMG X B,WANG B C,et al.Infrared spectra of soluble polyaniline,[J].Synth Metals,1988,24(3):231-238.
[118]孙东豪,丁进青,张展屏.聚邻甲苯胺合成及性能研究[J].塑料工业,1999,127(1):3-6.
[119]WAN M X,LI J C.Synthesis and electrical magnetic properties of polyaniline, composites[J].J.Polymer Sci:Part A Polym Chem,1998,36:2799-2805.
[120]钱人元,叶成.[J].高分子通报,1991,2:65-71.
[121]DENG J G,HE C L,PENG Y X,et al.Magnetic and conductive Fe_3O_4-polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell structure[J].Synth Met,2003,139(2):295-301.
[122]DENG J G,DING XB,ZHANG WC,et al.Magnetic and conducting Fe_3O_4-cross-linked polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell structure [J].Polymer,2002,43(8):2179-2184.
[123]杨青林,翟锦,宋延林,等.导电聚苯胺与磁性γ-Fe_2O_3纳米复合物的电磁性能[J].高等学校化学学报,2003,24(12):2290-2292.
[124]WEI Y,SUN Y,TANG X.Autoacceleration and kinetics of electrochemical polymerization of aniline[J]J.Phys.Chem.,1989,93(12):4878-4881.
[125]FRANCO CATALDO,PAOLO MALTESE.Synthesis of alkyl and N-alkyl-substituted polyanilines:A study on their spectral properties and thermal stability[J].European Polymer Journal,2002,38(9):1791 - 1803.
[126]FALCOU A,DUCH(?)NE A,HOURQUEBIE P,et al.A new chemical polymerization process for substituted anilines:Application to the synthesis of poly(N-alkylanilines) and poly(o-alkylanilines) and comparison of their respective properties[J].Synthetic Metals,2005,149(2-3):115-122.
[127]徐成增,莫志深,王佛松.聚N-甲基苯胺的合成及性质表征[J].高分子学报,1990,(5):19-22.
[128]LUX F.Properties of Electronically Conductive Polyaniline - A Comparison Between Well-Known Literature Data and Some Recent Experimental Findings,[J].Polymer,1994,35(14):2915-2936.
[129]FRANCO CATALDO.On the polymerization of P-phenylenediamine[J].J.European Polymer,1996,32(1):43-50.
[130]ANJALI A,ATHAWALE,DEORE B,et al.Photoemission and conductivity measurement of poly(N-methyl aniline) and poly(N-ethyl aniline) films,[J].J.Applied Polymer Science,1999,74(5):1286-1292.
[131]CATALDO F,MALTESE P.Synthesis of alkyl and N-alkyl-substituted polyanilines:A study on their spectral properties and thermal stability[J].J.European Polymer,2002,38(9):1791-1803.
[132]HOBZA P,(?)PIRKO V,SELZLE H L,et al.Anti-Hydrogen Bond in the Benzene Dimer and Other Carbon Proton Donor Complexes[J].J.Phys.Chem.A,1998,102 (15):2501-2504.
[133]GUY L,KAR T,SCHEINER S.Fundamental Properties of the CH…O Interaction:Is It a True Hydrogen Bond?[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1999,121(40):9411-9422.
[134]SCHEINER S,GU Y,KAR T.Comparison of the CH...N and CH...O interactions involving substituted alkanes[J].Journal of Molecular Structure,2000,552(1-3):17-31.
[135]SCHEINER STEVE,KAR T.Red-versus Blue-Shifting Hydrogen Bonds:Are There Fundamental Distinctions?[J].J.Phys.Chem.A,2002,106(9):1784-1789.
[136]WAN M X,LI W G.A composite of polyaniline with both conducting and ferromagnetic functions[J].J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Chem.,1997,35(11):2129-2136.
[137]LIU J,WAN M X.Composites of polypyrrole with conducting and ferromagnetic behaviors[J].J.Polym.Sci.A:Polym.Chem.,2000,38(15):2734-2739.
[2]于黄中,陈明光,贝承训,等.导电聚苯胺的特性、应用及进展.[J]高分子材料科学与工程,2003,19(4):18-21.
[3]NICOLAOU M C.The Magnesium Silicide Germanide Stannide Alloy:A New Concept in Thermoelectric Energy Conversion.Proceeding of the 4~(th) Internation Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion[C].NEW YORK:NICOLAOU M C 1982:83-86.
[4]王佛松,王利详.聚苯胺的掺杂反应[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版,1993(6):65-73.
[5]PREVOST V,PETIT A.Studies on chemical oxidative copolymerization of aniline ano-alkoxysulfonated anilines Ⅱ.Mechanistic approach and monomer reactivit ratios [J].European Polymer,Journal,1999,35(7):1229-1236.
[6]MATTOSO L H,MANOHAR S K,MACDIARMID A G,et al.Studies on chemicaoxidative copolymerization of aniline and o-alkoxysulfonated anilines[J].Polym Sci,1995,33(6):1227-1234.
[7]HWANG G W,WU K Y,LEE H T,CHEN S A.Structures and properties of the soluble polyanilines,N-alkylated emeraldine bases[J].Synth.Met,1998,92(1):39-46.
[8]MATTOSO L H,MANOHAR S K,MACDIARMID A G,et al.Studies on the Chemical Syntheses and on the Characteristics of Polyaniline Derivatives[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1995,33(8):1227-1234.
[9]LI S Z,CAOY,XUE Z J.Soluble polyaniline[J].Synth Met,1987,20(2):141-149
[10]GUMBS R W.Synthesis of electrically conductive vinyl copolymers[J].Synth Met,1994,64(1):27-31.
[11]JIANG H,GENG Y H,JIANG X B,et al.Organic acid doped polyaniline Derivatives[J].SynthMet,1997(84):125-126.
[12]PALANINAPPAN S,Chemical copolymerization of aniline withoff- chloroaniline:thermal stability by spectral studies[J].Polym Int,2000,49:659-662.
[13]GOK A,SARI B,TALU M.Chemical preparation of conducting poly-furan /poly(2-chloroaniline) composites and their properties:A comparison of their components,polyfuran and poly(2-chloroaniline)[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2003,88(13):2924-2931.
[14]江明,府寿宽.高分子科学的近代论题.[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1997.212-230.
[15]陆珉,吴益华,姜海夏.导电聚苯胺的特性及应用.[J]化工新型材料,1997,25,(11):16-20.
[16]ASTURIAS G E,MADIARMID A G.The oxidation state of "emeraldine" base [J].Synthetic Metals,1989,29:E157-162.
[17]WANG L X,JING X B,WANG F S.Polytoluidines with different degree of oxidation and their doping with HCL[J].Sythetic Metals,1989,29:E363-E370.
[18]万梅香,黄维恒,闻建勋.高技术有机高分子材料进展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1994.
[19]MACDIARMID A G,CHIANG J C,RICHTER A F,et al.Polyaniline:A new concept in conducting polymers.[J]Sythetic Metals,1987,18(1-3):285-290.
[20]YASUDA A,SHIMIDZU T.Chemical and electrochemical analyses of polyaniline prepared with FeCl_3[J].Synth.Met.,199361(3):239-245.
[21]LANGER J.Unusual properties of the aniline black:Does the superconductivity exist at room temperature?[J].Solid State Commu.,1978,26(11) 839-844.
[22]DIAZ A F,CASTILLO J I,LOGAN J A,et al.Electroactive poltaniline film[J].J.Electroanal.Chem,1980,111(1):111 - 114.
[23]MINAMI T,KUROI Y,MIYATA T,et al.ZnGa2O4 as host material for multicolor-emitting phosphor layer of electroluminescent devices[J].J.Luminescence,1997,72-74:997-998.
[24]Flynn M,Kitai A H.ZnGa_2O_4:Mn phosphors for thin-film electroluminescent displays exhibiting improved brightness[J].J.Eleetroehem.Soc.2001,148(10):H149-H153.
[25]黄淘,黄英,贺金瑞.吸波材料研究进展[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2003,1:37-40.
[26]SINGH P,BABBAR V K,RAZDAN A.et al.Complex permeability and permittivity,and microwave absorption studies of Ca(CoTi)xFe12-2xO19hexaferrite composites in X-band microwave frequencies[J].Materials Science Engineering B,1999,67(3):132-138.
[27]邢丽英.隐身材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[28]RUAN S P,XU BK,SUO H,et al.Microwave absorptive behavior of ZnCo-substituted W-type Ba hexaferrite nanocrystalline composite material[J].J Magn Magn Mater,2000,21(1-2):175-177.
[29]胡传炘.隐身涂层技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[30]张变芳,闫宗林,唐贵德,等.几种尖晶石铁氧体的制备及磁性研究[J].机械工程材料,2005,(8):55-61.
[31]牛紫平,王颖,发伸.溶胶-凝胶法制备的Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4铁氧体纳米颗粒的离子迁移[J].磁性材料及器件2006,37(3):31-33.
[32]韩冰,杨桂琴,严乐美,等.纳米尖晶石型Ni_(1-x)Zn_xFe_2O_4的水热合成及磁性分析[J].化学世界,2004,12:623-626.
[33]阳征会,龚竹青,李宏煦,等.Ni-Zn铁氧体粉体的水热法制备与磁性研究[J].矿冶工程,2006,26(4):39-42.
[34]曹慧群,魏波,刘剑洪,等.水热法制备纳米镍锌铁氧体粉体及其磁性能.[J]硅酸盐学报,2007,35(6):713-716.
[35]刘常坤.CoFe_2O_4超细微粒催化剂的制备、性能与表征[J].功能材料,1997,28(4):427-428
[36]MOUMEN N,LISIECKI I,PILENI M P.Micellar factors which play a role in the control of the nanosize particles of cobalt ferrite[J].Supramol Sci,1995,2(3-4):161-168.
[37]ARCOS D,VALEUZUELA R,V(?)ZQUEZ M,et al.Chemical homogeneity of nanocrystalline Zn-Mn spinel ferrites obtained by high-energy ball milling[J].J Solid State Chem,1998,141(1):10-16.
[38]姚志强,王琴,钟炳.超临界流体干燥法制备锰锌铁氧体超细粉末[J].磁性 材料与器件,1998,29(1):6-9.
[39]ROY R.Selective laser sintering characteristics of nylon-b/clay-reiforced nanocomposites.Sci.1987,238:1664-1673.
[40]生瑜,朱德乾,陈建定.聚合物基无机纳米复合材料的制备方法[J].高分子通报,2001,4(5):9-15.
[41]ZHITOMIRSKY I.Electrosynthesis of organic-inorganic nanocomposites.[J].Journal of Materials Science,2006,41(24):8186-8195.
[42]TANG B Z,GENG Y H,LI B S,et al.Processible Nanostructured Materials with Electrical Conductivity and Magnetic Susceptibility:Preparation and Properties of Maghemite/Polyaniline Nanocomposite Films[J].Chem Mater,1999,11(6):1581-1589.
[43]XU J C,LIU W M,LI H L.Titanium dioxide doped polyaniline[J].Materials Science and Engineering:C,2005,25(4):444-447.
[44]DENG J G,DING X B,ZHANG W C.et al.Magnetic and conducting Fe_3O_4-cross-linked polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell strtcture[J].Polymer,2002,43:2179-2184.
[45]KIM B H,JUNG J H,HONG S H,et al.Physical characterization of emulsion intercalated polyaniline-clay nanocomposite[J].Current Appl Phys,2001,1(1):112-115.
[46]WING G M,CHEN H,ZHANG H,et al.Current-voltage characteristics of TiO_2/PPy complex films[J].Phys Lett A,1998,237(3):165-168.
[47]URI K,ANNAPOORNI S,TANDON R P,et al.Nanocomposite of polypyrrole-iron oxide by simultaneous gelation and polymerization[J]Synth Metals,2002,126(2-3):137-142.
[48]ZHANG Z M,WAN M X.Nanostructures of polyaniline composites containing nano-magnet[J].Synth Metals,2003,132(2):205-212.
[49]李玲,龚克成.超声波在纳米材料合成中的应用[J].材料导报,1998,12(4):18-19.
[50]QIU G,WANG Q,NIE M.Polyaniline/Fe_3O_4 magnetic nanocomposite prepared by ultrasonic irradiation[J].J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,2006,102(3):2107-2111.
[51]YAN M,HU J,LUO W,et al.Preparation and investigation of low firing temperature NiCuZn ferrites with high relative initial permeability[J].J Magn Magn Mater,2006,303(1):249-255.
[52]WANG S F,WANG Y R,THOMAS C K,et al.Densification and magnetic properties of low-fire NiCuZn ferrites,[J].J Magn Magn Mater,2000,220(2-3):129-138.
[53]苏桦,张怀武,唐晓莉,等.平面薄膜电感的研究与开发现状[J].磁性材料及器件,2003,34(2):7-8.
[54]NAGAMATSU J,NAKAGAWA N,MURANKA T,et al.Superconductivity at 39K in Magnesium Diboride[J].Nature,2001,410:63-64.
[55]SHIRAKAWA H,LOUIS E J,MACDIARMID A G,et al.Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers:halogen derivatives of polyacetylene,(CH)_x[J].J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun,1977,16:578-580.
[56]GENIES E M,LAPKOWSKI M J.Spectroelectrochemical evidence for an intermediate in the electropolymerization of aniline[J].Electroanal.Chem,1987,236,(1-2):189-197.
[57]DIAZ A F,KANAZAWA K K,GARDINI G P,Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole[J].J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.,1979:635-636.
[58]穆绍林,陆友玲,钱必东,物理化学学报,聚邻甲苯胺的合成及物.[J]理化学性质1989,5(3):270-272.
[59]王利祥,景遐斌,倪少儒,王佛松.可溶性聚(o-,m-)甲苯胺[J].中国科学(B 辑),1989,19(2):129-135.
[60]WANG ZH,EPSTEIN A J,RAY A,et al.Electron localization in polyaniline and its derivatives[J].Synth.Met.,1991,41(1-2):749-752.
[61]BAGHERI A,NATEGHI M R,MASSOUMI A.Electrochemical synthesis of highly electroactive polydiphenylamine / polybenzidine copolymer in aqueous solutions[J].Synth.Me,1998,97(2):85-89.
[62]BEADLE P M,NICOLAU Y F,BANKA E,et al.Controlled polymerization of aniline at sub-zero temperatures[J].Synth.Met.,1998,95(1):29-45.
[63]MU S L.Electrochemical copolymerization of aniline and o-aminophenol[J].Synth.Met,2004,143(3):259-268.
[64]MOON Y B,CAO Y,SMITH P,et al.X-ray scattering from crystalline polyaniline[J].Polym.Commun.,1989,30(7),196-199.
[65]GOK A,OMASTOVA M,YAVUZ A G..Synthesis and characterization of polythiophenes prepared in the presence of surfactants[J].Synthetic Metals,2007,157:23-29.
[66]李伟平,刘顺华,段玉平,等.纳米导电聚苯胺的微观表征及其电磁性能[J].材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(3):376-379.
[67]万梅香.导电高聚物的微波吸收机理的研究[J].物理学报,1992,41(6):917-923.
[68]JIANG J,LI L C,XU F,XIE Y L.Preparation and magnetic properties of Zn-Cu-Cr-Sm ferrite via a rheological phase reaction method[J].Materials Science and Engineering B,2007,137(1-3):166-169.
[69]JIANG J,LI L C,XU F.Structural analysis and magnetic properties of Gd-doped Li-Ni ferrites prepared by the rheological phase method[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2007,25(1):79-83.
[70]ZHOU X C,JIANG J,LI L C.XU F.Preparation and magnetic properties of La-substituted Zn-Cu-Cr ferrites via a rheological phase reaction method[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2007,314(1):7-10.
[71]李良超,蒋静,周享春.MCr_2O_4(M=Co,Zn)纳米晶的合成及磁性研究[J].中国有色金属学报,2006,16(10):1761-1764.
[72]徐烽,李良超,蒋静,et al.Zn_(0.4)Ni_(0.6)Cr_(0.5)La_xFe_(1.5-x)O_4铁氧体纳米粉晶的制备及磁性[J].化学报,2007,65(9):816-820.
[73]SUWALKA O,SHARMA R K,SEBASTIAN V,et al.A study of nanosized Ni substituted Co-Zn ferrite prepared by coprecipitation[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials[J].2007,313(1):198-203.
[74]BU(?)KO M M,HABERKO K.Hydrothermal synthesis of nickel ferrite powders,their properties and sintering[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2007,27(2-3):723-727.
[75]ZAHI S,DAUD A R,HASHIM M,A comparative study of nickel-zinc ferrites by sol-gel route and solid-state reaction[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2007,106(2-3):452-456.
[76]ZHAO D,WU X,GUAN H,HAN E.Study on supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of CoFe_2O_4nanoparticles[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2007,42(2):226-233.
[77]VIDAL-VIDAL J,RIVAS J,L(?)PEZ-QUINTELA M A.Synthesis of monodisperse maghemite nanopartieles by the microemulsion method[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2006,288(1-3):44-51.
[78]桑商斌,黄可龙,古映莹.水热法制备的锌锰铁氧体纳米晶的离子分布、缺陷与磁性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2003,13(4):1041-1045.
[79]孙昌,孙康.M型钡铁氧体纳米粉体的溶胶-凝胶制备与结晶特性[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(7):1172-1176.
[80]REZLESCU F,SACHELARIE L,POPA PD,et al.Effect of substitution of divalent ions on the electrical and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn-Me ferrites[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.2000,36(6):3962-3967.
[81]DIONNE G F,WEST R G.Magnetic and dielectric properties of the spinel ferrite system Ni_(0.65)Zn_(0.35)Fe_(2-x)Mn_xO[J].Appl.Phys.1987,61(8):3868-3870.
[82]PARVATHEESWARA R B,CATUNB O,CHO W S,et al.Synthesis and characterization of mixed ferrite nanoparticles[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Material,2007,310(2):e812-e814.
[83]蒋静,李良超,徐烽,等.聚苯胺-LiNi铁氧体复合纳米微粒的原位合成及其键合机制[J].化学学报,2007,65(1):53-58.
[84]BUENO A R,GREGORI M L,N(?)BREGA M C S.Effect of Mn substitution on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni_(0.50-x)Zn_(0.50-x)Mn_(2x)Fe_2O_4 ferriteprepared by the citrate-nitrate precursormethod[J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,2007,105(2-3):229-233.
[85]SINGH A K,SINGH A K,GOEL T C,MENDIRATTA R G.High performance Ni-substituted Mn-Zn ferrites processed by soft chemical technique[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2004,28(2-3):276-280.
[86]SINGH A K,VERMA A,THAKUR O P,et al.Electrical and magnetic properties of Mn-Ni-Zn ferrites processed by citrate precursor method[J].Materials Letters,2003,57(5-6):1040-1044.
[87]SINGH A K,GOEL T C,MENDIRATTA R G.Magnetic properties of Mnsubstituted Ni-Zn ferrites[J].J.Appl.Phys.2002,92(7):3872-3876.
[88]YAN M F,JOHNSON.D W.Impurity-Induced Exaggerated Grain Growth in Mn-Zn Ferrites[J].J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,1978,61(7-8):342-349.
[89]LIDE D R.CRC handbook of Chemistry and Physics,76th ed[M].CRC Press.Boca.Raton,FL,1995,Sect.8,47.
[90]LIN I N,MISHRA R,THOMAS G.Interaction of magnetic walls with microstructural features in spinel ferrites[J].IEEE Trans.Magn.1984,20(1):134-139.
[91]YOSHIMOTO S,OHASHI F,KAMEYAMA T.Simple preparation of sulfate anion-doped polyaniline-clay nanocomposites by an environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthesis route[J].Macromol.Rapid Commun.,2004,25(19):1687-1691.
[92]DU J,LIU Z,HAN B,et al.One-pot synthesis of the macroporous polyaniline microspheres and Ag / polyaniline core-shell particles[J].Micropor.Mesopor.Mat.,2005,84(1-3):254-260.
[93]QUILLARD S,LOUARN G,LEFRANT S,et al.Vibrational analysis of polyaniline:a comparative study of leucoemeraldine,emeraldine,and pemigraniline bases[J]. Phys.Rev.B,1994,50(17):12496-12508.
[94]KULKARNI M V,VISWANATH A K,MARIMUTHU R,et al.Spectroscopic,transport,and morphological studies of polyaniline doped with inorganic acids[J].Polym.Eng.Sci.,2004,44(9):1676-1681.
[95]WALDRON R D.Infrared spectra of ferrites[J].Phys.Rev.,1955,99(6-15):1727-1735.
[96]LI L C,JIANG J,XU F.Novel polyaniline-LiNi_(0.5)La_(0.02)Fe_(1.98)O_4 nanocomposites prepared via an in situ polymerization[J].J European Polymer,2006,42:2221-2227.
[97]MIZUTANI T,ARAI K,MIYAMOTO M,et al.Progress in Organic Coatings[J].Application of silica-containing nano-composite emulsion to wall paint:A new environmentally safe paint of high performance,2006,55(3):276-283.
[98]王亚强,李玉平,贺卫卫,等.核壳型纳米SiO_2-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及应用[J].涂料工业,2006,36(1):1-4.
[99]凌爱莲,杨冬玲,白金泉.纳米SiO_2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成及性能[J].化学与粘合,2005,27(3):143-145.
[100]LEE D,CHAR K.Thermal degradation behavior of polyaniline in polyaniline/Na~+-montmorillonite nanocomposites[J].Polym.Degrad.Stab.,2002,75(3):555-560.
[101]GAN L M,ZHANG L H,CHAN H S O,et al.Preparation of conducting polyaniline-coated barium sulfate nanoparticles in inverse microemulsions[J].Mater.Chem.Phys.,1995,40(2):94-98.
[102]IZUMI C M S,CONSTANTINO V R L,FERREIRA A M C,et al.Spectroscopic characterization of polyaniline doped with transition metal salts[J].Synth.Met.,2006,156(9-10):654-663.
[103]LI X,WANG G,LI X.Surface modification ofnano-SiO_2 particles using polyaniline [J].Surf.Coat.Tech.,197(1):56-60.
[104]SAUZEDDE F,ELAISSARI A,PICHOT C.Hydrophilic magnetic polymer latexes.1.Adsorption of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles onto various cationic latexes[J].Colloid.Polym.Sci.,1999,277(9):846-855.Met.,1997,85(1-3):1323-1326.
[105]焦桓,周万成,罗发.Si/C/N晶须的微波介电性能[J].复合材料学报,2003,20(4):34-38.
[106]BURKE N A D,STOVER H D H,DAWSON F P.Magnetic nanocomposites:preparation and characterization of polymer-coated iron nanoparticles[J].Chem. Mater.,2002,14(11):4752-4761.
[107]ZHANG X Y,CHEN Y J.Role of microstructure on enhanced magneto- resistance in magnetite/graphite composite[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2004,270(1-2):203-207.
[108]KADAM S L,KANAMADI C M,PATANKAR K K,et al.Dielectric behaviour and magnetoelectric effect in Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.5)Fe_2O_4+Ba_(0.8)Pb_(0.2)TiO_3 ME composites[J].Mater.Lett.,2005,59(1-2):215-219
[109]FETISOV Y K,BUSH A A,KAMENTSEV K E,et al.Pyroelectric effects in magnetoelectric multilayer composites[J].Solid State Commun,2004,132(5):319-324.
[110]PENG C H,WANG H W,KAN S W,et al.Microwave absorbing materials using Ag-NiZn ferrite core-shell nanopowders as fillers[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater.,2004,284:113-119.
[111]SHIN K H,INOUE M,ARJE K I.Elastically coupled magneto-electric elements with highly magnetostrictive amorphous films and PZT substrates[J].Smart Mater.Struct,2000,9(3):357-361.
[112]PIETO J L,ARORA C,LOPEZ E,et al.Magnetization processes and optimal performance of magnetostrictive piezoelectric sensors[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1996,79(9):7099-7105.
[113]MICHELENA M D,MONTERO F,SANCHEZ P.Piezoelectric-magnetostricti -ve magnetic sensor using stripe actuators[J].J.Magn.Magn.Mater,2002,242(2):1160-1162.
[114]RYU J,PRIYA S,UCHINO K,et al.Magnetoelectric effect in composites of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials[J].J.Electroceram.,2002,8(2):107-119.
[115]王利祥,王佛松.取代苯胺的化学氧化聚合[J]高分子学报,1989,3:264-269.
[116]KILMARTIN P A,WRIGHT G A.Photoelectrochemistry and spectroscopy of substituted polyanilines[J].Synthetic Metals,1999,104(3):145-156.,
[117]TANG J S,JIMG X B,WANG B C,et al.Infrared spectra of soluble polyaniline,[J].Synth Metals,1988,24(3):231-238.
[118]孙东豪,丁进青,张展屏.聚邻甲苯胺合成及性能研究[J].塑料工业,1999,127(1):3-6.
[119]WAN M X,LI J C.Synthesis and electrical magnetic properties of polyaniline, composites[J].J.Polymer Sci:Part A Polym Chem,1998,36:2799-2805.
[120]钱人元,叶成.[J].高分子通报,1991,2:65-71.
[121]DENG J G,HE C L,PENG Y X,et al.Magnetic and conductive Fe_3O_4-polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell structure[J].Synth Met,2003,139(2):295-301.
[122]DENG J G,DING XB,ZHANG WC,et al.Magnetic and conducting Fe_3O_4-cross-linked polyaniline nanoparticles with core-shell structure [J].Polymer,2002,43(8):2179-2184.
[123]杨青林,翟锦,宋延林,等.导电聚苯胺与磁性γ-Fe_2O_3纳米复合物的电磁性能[J].高等学校化学学报,2003,24(12):2290-2292.
[124]WEI Y,SUN Y,TANG X.Autoacceleration and kinetics of electrochemical polymerization of aniline[J]J.Phys.Chem.,1989,93(12):4878-4881.
[125]FRANCO CATALDO,PAOLO MALTESE.Synthesis of alkyl and N-alkyl-substituted polyanilines:A study on their spectral properties and thermal stability[J].European Polymer Journal,2002,38(9):1791 - 1803.
[126]FALCOU A,DUCH(?)NE A,HOURQUEBIE P,et al.A new chemical polymerization process for substituted anilines:Application to the synthesis of poly(N-alkylanilines) and poly(o-alkylanilines) and comparison of their respective properties[J].Synthetic Metals,2005,149(2-3):115-122.
[127]徐成增,莫志深,王佛松.聚N-甲基苯胺的合成及性质表征[J].高分子学报,1990,(5):19-22.
[128]LUX F.Properties of Electronically Conductive Polyaniline - A Comparison Between Well-Known Literature Data and Some Recent Experimental Findings,[J].Polymer,1994,35(14):2915-2936.
[129]FRANCO CATALDO.On the polymerization of P-phenylenediamine[J].J.European Polymer,1996,32(1):43-50.
[130]ANJALI A,ATHAWALE,DEORE B,et al.Photoemission and conductivity measurement of poly(N-methyl aniline) and poly(N-ethyl aniline) films,[J].J.Applied Polymer Science,1999,74(5):1286-1292.
[131]CATALDO F,MALTESE P.Synthesis of alkyl and N-alkyl-substituted polyanilines:A study on their spectral properties and thermal stability[J].J.European Polymer,2002,38(9):1791-1803.
[132]HOBZA P,(?)PIRKO V,SELZLE H L,et al.Anti-Hydrogen Bond in the Benzene Dimer and Other Carbon Proton Donor Complexes[J].J.Phys.Chem.A,1998,102 (15):2501-2504.
[133]GUY L,KAR T,SCHEINER S.Fundamental Properties of the CH…O Interaction:Is It a True Hydrogen Bond?[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1999,121(40):9411-9422.
[134]SCHEINER S,GU Y,KAR T.Comparison of the CH...N and CH...O interactions involving substituted alkanes[J].Journal of Molecular Structure,2000,552(1-3):17-31.
[135]SCHEINER STEVE,KAR T.Red-versus Blue-Shifting Hydrogen Bonds:Are There Fundamental Distinctions?[J].J.Phys.Chem.A,2002,106(9):1784-1789.
[136]WAN M X,LI W G.A composite of polyaniline with both conducting and ferromagnetic functions[J].J.Polym.Sci.:Polym.Chem.,1997,35(11):2129-2136.
[137]LIU J,WAN M X.Composites of polypyrrole with conducting and ferromagnetic behaviors[J].J.Polym.Sci.A:Polym.Chem.,2000,38(15):2734-2739.