基于虚拟仪器的三相异步电机变频调速
摘要
近年来,随着电力电子技术以及控制理论技术的高度发展,交流调速技术取得了突破性的进展。变频调速技术以其优异的调速性能、较高的功率因数、良好的节能效果、广泛的适用性等优点逐渐取代直流调速，被认为是最有前途的调速方式。但是传统的交流电机调速系统，通过单片机来生成控制信号，不仅编程繁琐，而且硬件电路连接复杂，使得开发成本不断增加。
随着计算机技术的迅猛发展，一种全新的仪器概念-虚拟仪器应运而生，虚拟仪器有着诸多传统仪器不具备的优点，是未来仪器的发展方向。本课题旨在将变频调速技术与虚拟仪器技术相结合，鉴于虚拟仪器灵活、开放的特点，以及计算机强大的处理能力，用简洁易懂的图形化编程语言LabVIEW实现SPWM（Sinusoidal Pulse WidthModulation）信号发生以及SVPWM（Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation）信号发生，将生成的控制信号通过NI ELVIS原型开发板输出给智能功率模块，通过调节计算机软面板上的参数就可以方便地对智能功率模块的6个IGBT（Insulated Gate BipolarTransistor）开关的开断时间进行控制，也就实现了对三相异步电机转速的控制，以此来取代传统的通过单片机来实现信号发生的控制系统。
经实验验证该系统稳定可靠，且大大降低了开发成本，缩短了开发周期，提高了系统的灵活性。因此具有良好的应用前景。
In recent years, with the high development of power electronic technology and controltheory, AC (Alternating Current) speed-adjustable technology has made breakthroughprogress. Frequency control technology has replaced the DC (Direct Current) speed controlgradually with the excellent performance of speed regulation, higher power factor, goodenergy saving effect, widespread applicability and so on, and been considered as the mostpromising speed regulation mode. The traditional AC speed regulation system sendscontrol signal by SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer), not only tedious programming, butalso complex hardware circuit, these made the development cost increase gradually.
With the rapid development of computer technology, a new instrumentconcept-virtual instrument has been born. Virtual instrument has more advantages than thetraditions, is the future direction. This subject aims to combine frequency controltechnology and virtual instrument technology, In view of the flexibility and opennesscharacteristics of virtual instrument, strong processing capacity of computer, useLabVIEW the concise and easy to understand graphical programing language to realize theSPWM signal generation and SVPWM signal generation. The signals generated are outputto IPM (Intelligent Power Module) by NI ELVIS. Six IGBTs breaking time of IPM can becontrolled by regulate the parameters of computer soft panel. So the speed control ofthree-phase asynchronous motor can be realized, in order to replace the traditional controlsystem which outputs signals by SCM.
The system is stable and reliable was verified, the cost of development is reducedgreatly, the cycle of development is shortened and the flexibility of system is improved.Therefore it has a good application prospect.
随着计算机技术的迅猛发展，一种全新的仪器概念-虚拟仪器应运而生，虚拟仪器有着诸多传统仪器不具备的优点，是未来仪器的发展方向。本课题旨在将变频调速技术与虚拟仪器技术相结合，鉴于虚拟仪器灵活、开放的特点，以及计算机强大的处理能力，用简洁易懂的图形化编程语言LabVIEW实现SPWM（Sinusoidal Pulse WidthModulation）信号发生以及SVPWM（Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation）信号发生，将生成的控制信号通过NI ELVIS原型开发板输出给智能功率模块，通过调节计算机软面板上的参数就可以方便地对智能功率模块的6个IGBT（Insulated Gate BipolarTransistor）开关的开断时间进行控制，也就实现了对三相异步电机转速的控制，以此来取代传统的通过单片机来实现信号发生的控制系统。
经实验验证该系统稳定可靠，且大大降低了开发成本，缩短了开发周期，提高了系统的灵活性。因此具有良好的应用前景。
In recent years, with the high development of power electronic technology and controltheory, AC (Alternating Current) speed-adjustable technology has made breakthroughprogress. Frequency control technology has replaced the DC (Direct Current) speed controlgradually with the excellent performance of speed regulation, higher power factor, goodenergy saving effect, widespread applicability and so on, and been considered as the mostpromising speed regulation mode. The traditional AC speed regulation system sendscontrol signal by SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer), not only tedious programming, butalso complex hardware circuit, these made the development cost increase gradually.
With the rapid development of computer technology, a new instrumentconcept-virtual instrument has been born. Virtual instrument has more advantages than thetraditions, is the future direction. This subject aims to combine frequency controltechnology and virtual instrument technology, In view of the flexibility and opennesscharacteristics of virtual instrument, strong processing capacity of computer, useLabVIEW the concise and easy to understand graphical programing language to realize theSPWM signal generation and SVPWM signal generation. The signals generated are outputto IPM (Intelligent Power Module) by NI ELVIS. Six IGBTs breaking time of IPM can becontrolled by regulate the parameters of computer soft panel. So the speed control ofthree-phase asynchronous motor can be realized, in order to replace the traditional controlsystem which outputs signals by SCM.
The system is stable and reliable was verified, the cost of development is reducedgreatly, the cycle of development is shortened and the flexibility of system is improved.Therefore it has a good application prospect.
引文
[1]刘万太.变频调速异步电机的设计与分析[D].湖南:湖南工业大学,2011:1.
[2]孟宪军.变频调速技术的现状与应用[J].佳木斯大学学报,2007,25(1):38-40.
[3]熊幸明.变频调速技术的应用与发展[J].长沙大学学报,2005,19(5):65-68.
[4]高坤.20吨工业锅炉鼓、引风机及给水泵变频控制系统研制[D].天津:天津科技大学,2008.
[5]张承慧,程金,夏东伟.变频调速技术的发展及其在电力系统中的应用[J].热能动力工程,2003,18(5):439-444.
[6]张哲.地铁紧急通风变频器的研制[D].江苏:南京理工大学,2008.
[7]王叶兰.基于虚拟仪器的多通道压力监测系统的研究[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[8]樊强,徐运涛.虚拟仪器测试系统简介[J].现代军事通信,2001,9(1):16-19.
[9]向科峰.基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统若干问题研究[D].四川:西南科技大学,2007.
[10]周文超,杨新宁,徐丽霞.异步电机空载试验的虚拟仪器采集处理系统[J].国外电子测量技术,2004,(1):15-18.
[11]韩学军.基于LabVIEW的电液伺服阀性能测试系统[D].辽宁:东北大学,2007.
[12]崔红梅.面向测试系统的虚拟仪器设计与应用研究[D].内蒙古：内蒙古农业大学，2007:3.
[13]应怀樵.“虚拟”仪器（VI）与计算机采集测试分析仪器（CATAI）在动态测试领域的发展和应用[J].中国科技成果,2000:16-18.
[14]胡健.浅谈网络安全与防火墙技术[J].科技信息,2010,(5):464-465.
[15]李爱民.基于PXI总线的虚拟仪器测试系统的设计及其网络化研究[D].江苏:南京理工大学,2008.
[16] J. Miroslav, C.G. Christodoulou. Network of instruments shared via the internet [EB].http://sine.ni.com/csol/cds/item/vw/p/id/446/nid/124100.2007.3.1.
[17] K. Z. Tang, T. H. Lee, K. K. Tan. Cost Remote Vibration Monitoring and FaultDiagnosis [EB].www.ni.com.2006.4.2.
[18] D.D. Stancil. The Virtual Lab: Engineering the Future[EB].http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~stancil/virtual-lab/virtual-lab.html.2006.4.2.
[19] C.M. Merrick, J.W. Ponton. The ECOSSE Control Hyper Course[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering.1996,20:S1353-S1358.
[20] M. Hites, M. Sekerak, L. Sanders. Implementing and evaluating Web-based“Hands-On”laboratories for undergraduate education[C]. ASEE IL/IN SectionalConference,1999.
[21] C.C. Ko, B.M. Chen, J. Chen, Y. Zhuang, K.C. Tan. Development of a Web-basedlaboratory for control experiments on a coupled tank apparatus[J]. IEEE Transactionson Education.2001,44(1):76-86.
[22] M. Casini, D. Prattichizzo, A. Vicino. The automatic control telelab: a user-friendlyinterface for distance learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Education.2003,46(2):252-257.
[23] C. Saygin, F. Kahraman. A Web-Based programmable logic controller laboratory formanufacturing engineering education[J]. Advanced Manufactory Technology.2004,24(7-8):590-598.
[24]于勇,姜兴渭.ActiveX技术在卫星故障诊断中的应用[J].计算机应用,2000,20(2):30-31.
[25]柏林.网络化虚拟仪器核心技术及其典型案例的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2004.
[26]陈树学，刘萱.LabVIEW宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2011.
[27]胡仁喜，高海宾.LabVIEW2010中文版虚拟仪器从入门到精通[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2011.
[28]秦丰,狄瑞坤,欧阳珍.基于图形化编程语言LabVIEW的虚拟仪器开发[J].机床与液压,2004,(8):107-109.
[29]林永平.鼻咽癌荧光分光定位系统信号处理软件的设计[D].福建:福建师范大学,2005.
[30]秦曾煌.电工学上册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[31]刘国峰.浅谈三相异步电机的各种启动及调速方法[J].新世纪水泥导报,2001,(2):36-37.
[32]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[33]范好亮.大容量多重化多晶硅用DC-DC变换器的研究[D].河北:华北电力大学,2011.
[34]齐宇丰,魏毅立,寇志鹏.一种基于规则采样法的新型PWM逆变器[J].包头钢铁学院学报,1999,18(1):36-38.
[35]付胜杰,彭侠夫.基于8XC196MC平均规则采样法SPWM的实现及其优化[J].中国科技信息,2006,14（5）:67-67,76.
[36]吴茂刚,赵荣祥,汤新舟.正弦和空间矢量PWM逆变器死区效应分析与补偿[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26（12）:0-105.
[37]张兴.采用新型PWM控制的变频调速系统[J].电气传动,1997(3):21-24.
[38] H. Broeck, H. C. Skudelny, G. V. Stanke. Analysis and realization of a pulse widthmodulator based on voltage space vector [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1988,24(1):142-150.
[39] C. Domenieo, P. Franceseo, S. Giovanni, T. Angelo. FOC and DTC: Two ViableSehemes for Induetion Motors Torque Control [J].IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications,2002,17(5):779-787.
[40]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].电子工业出版社，2007.
[41]三菱电机株式会社.变频器原理与应用教程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.
[42]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统-运动控制系统[M].上海:机械工业出版社.2003.
[43]徐静,阮毅,陈伯时.异歩电机按定子磁场定向的转差频率控制[J].电机与控制学报,2003,7(1):1-4.
[44]廖桂潘.交流异步电机矢量控制的研究与实现[D].湖北:武汉理工大学,2012.
[45]杨磊.基于虚拟仪器和电液比例技术液压测控系统的设计[D].山东:山东农业大学,2012.
[46]赵晓辉.激光导引头电子舱测试系统软件的研究与开发[D].陕西:西北工业大学,2007.
[47]宋凌锋,宋凯,宋立伟.智能功率模块及其在变频调速中的应用[J].微电机,1997,30(4):16-18.
[48]苗晓燕,王小椿.智能功率模块在VVVF变频器设计中的选用[J].微特电机,1999,(2):30-31.
[49]黄友锐,魏庆农,周绩贤.智能功率模块PM25RSB120在变频调速中的应用[J].元器件与应用,2000,(1):31-33.
[2]孟宪军.变频调速技术的现状与应用[J].佳木斯大学学报,2007,25(1):38-40.
[3]熊幸明.变频调速技术的应用与发展[J].长沙大学学报,2005,19(5):65-68.
[4]高坤.20吨工业锅炉鼓、引风机及给水泵变频控制系统研制[D].天津:天津科技大学,2008.
[5]张承慧,程金,夏东伟.变频调速技术的发展及其在电力系统中的应用[J].热能动力工程,2003,18(5):439-444.
[6]张哲.地铁紧急通风变频器的研制[D].江苏:南京理工大学,2008.
[7]王叶兰.基于虚拟仪器的多通道压力监测系统的研究[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学,2005.
[8]樊强,徐运涛.虚拟仪器测试系统简介[J].现代军事通信,2001,9(1):16-19.
[9]向科峰.基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统若干问题研究[D].四川:西南科技大学,2007.
[10]周文超,杨新宁,徐丽霞.异步电机空载试验的虚拟仪器采集处理系统[J].国外电子测量技术,2004,(1):15-18.
[11]韩学军.基于LabVIEW的电液伺服阀性能测试系统[D].辽宁:东北大学,2007.
[12]崔红梅.面向测试系统的虚拟仪器设计与应用研究[D].内蒙古：内蒙古农业大学，2007:3.
[13]应怀樵.“虚拟”仪器（VI）与计算机采集测试分析仪器（CATAI）在动态测试领域的发展和应用[J].中国科技成果,2000:16-18.
[14]胡健.浅谈网络安全与防火墙技术[J].科技信息,2010,(5):464-465.
[15]李爱民.基于PXI总线的虚拟仪器测试系统的设计及其网络化研究[D].江苏:南京理工大学,2008.
[16] J. Miroslav, C.G. Christodoulou. Network of instruments shared via the internet [EB].http://sine.ni.com/csol/cds/item/vw/p/id/446/nid/124100.2007.3.1.
[17] K. Z. Tang, T. H. Lee, K. K. Tan. Cost Remote Vibration Monitoring and FaultDiagnosis [EB].www.ni.com.2006.4.2.
[18] D.D. Stancil. The Virtual Lab: Engineering the Future[EB].http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~stancil/virtual-lab/virtual-lab.html.2006.4.2.
[19] C.M. Merrick, J.W. Ponton. The ECOSSE Control Hyper Course[J]. Computers&Chemical Engineering.1996,20:S1353-S1358.
[20] M. Hites, M. Sekerak, L. Sanders. Implementing and evaluating Web-based“Hands-On”laboratories for undergraduate education[C]. ASEE IL/IN SectionalConference,1999.
[21] C.C. Ko, B.M. Chen, J. Chen, Y. Zhuang, K.C. Tan. Development of a Web-basedlaboratory for control experiments on a coupled tank apparatus[J]. IEEE Transactionson Education.2001,44(1):76-86.
[22] M. Casini, D. Prattichizzo, A. Vicino. The automatic control telelab: a user-friendlyinterface for distance learning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Education.2003,46(2):252-257.
[23] C. Saygin, F. Kahraman. A Web-Based programmable logic controller laboratory formanufacturing engineering education[J]. Advanced Manufactory Technology.2004,24(7-8):590-598.
[24]于勇,姜兴渭.ActiveX技术在卫星故障诊断中的应用[J].计算机应用,2000,20(2):30-31.
[25]柏林.网络化虚拟仪器核心技术及其典型案例的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2004.
[26]陈树学，刘萱.LabVIEW宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2011.
[27]胡仁喜，高海宾.LabVIEW2010中文版虚拟仪器从入门到精通[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2011.
[28]秦丰,狄瑞坤,欧阳珍.基于图形化编程语言LabVIEW的虚拟仪器开发[J].机床与液压,2004,(8):107-109.
[29]林永平.鼻咽癌荧光分光定位系统信号处理软件的设计[D].福建:福建师范大学,2005.
[30]秦曾煌.电工学上册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[31]刘国峰.浅谈三相异步电机的各种启动及调速方法[J].新世纪水泥导报,2001,(2):36-37.
[32]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[33]范好亮.大容量多重化多晶硅用DC-DC变换器的研究[D].河北:华北电力大学,2011.
[34]齐宇丰,魏毅立,寇志鹏.一种基于规则采样法的新型PWM逆变器[J].包头钢铁学院学报,1999,18(1):36-38.
[35]付胜杰,彭侠夫.基于8XC196MC平均规则采样法SPWM的实现及其优化[J].中国科技信息,2006,14（5）:67-67,76.
[36]吴茂刚,赵荣祥,汤新舟.正弦和空间矢量PWM逆变器死区效应分析与补偿[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26（12）:0-105.
[37]张兴.采用新型PWM控制的变频调速系统[J].电气传动,1997(3):21-24.
[38] H. Broeck, H. C. Skudelny, G. V. Stanke. Analysis and realization of a pulse widthmodulator based on voltage space vector [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1988,24(1):142-150.
[39] C. Domenieo, P. Franceseo, S. Giovanni, T. Angelo. FOC and DTC: Two ViableSehemes for Induetion Motors Torque Control [J].IEEE Transactions on IndustryApplications,2002,17(5):779-787.
[40]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].电子工业出版社，2007.
[41]三菱电机株式会社.变频器原理与应用教程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.
[42]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统-运动控制系统[M].上海:机械工业出版社.2003.
[43]徐静,阮毅,陈伯时.异歩电机按定子磁场定向的转差频率控制[J].电机与控制学报,2003,7(1):1-4.
[44]廖桂潘.交流异步电机矢量控制的研究与实现[D].湖北:武汉理工大学,2012.
[45]杨磊.基于虚拟仪器和电液比例技术液压测控系统的设计[D].山东:山东农业大学,2012.
[46]赵晓辉.激光导引头电子舱测试系统软件的研究与开发[D].陕西:西北工业大学,2007.
[47]宋凌锋,宋凯,宋立伟.智能功率模块及其在变频调速中的应用[J].微电机,1997,30(4):16-18.
[48]苗晓燕,王小椿.智能功率模块在VVVF变频器设计中的选用[J].微特电机,1999,(2):30-31.
[49]黄友锐,魏庆农,周绩贤.智能功率模块PM25RSB120在变频调速中的应用[J].元器件与应用,2000,(1):31-33.