DIS/HLA仿真运行环境中的数据库技术
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摘要
仿真建模、仿真运行和事后分析等仿真过程的重要步骤都离不开对相关数据的有效管理，尤其是在仿真运行过程中，必须为仿真系统提供对当前数据的实时访问服务。为了及时提供有关仿真过程的统计分析信息，并实现仿真回放、错误恢复等功能，仿真系统还必须实现对历史数据的有效管理。时态数据库是统一管理客观世界的所有历史状态的数据库系统，能够为用户提供对当前数据和历史数据的查询服务。由于所要管理的数据量空前庞大，数据的存储和查询技术是时态数据库系统的一项重要技术挑战。为了实现对仿真运行环境中相关数据的高效、统一和完整的管理，论文主要研究了基于DIS／HLA仿真运行环境的时态数据的实时管理问题。
数据收集系统是高级分布式仿真环境中与数据管理密切相关的典型组件。论文首先系统研究了数据收集系统的数据存储结构、数据使用方法、数据导入策略等关键问题，重点探讨了数据库技术在数据存储和数据查询中的应用，并在此基础上提出了一种基于日志的时态数据模型，定义了适用于仿真数据管理的四种基本运算。该模型使用一个时间值标识元组，应用时态数据库的快照查询和模式转换技术，可以实现对仿真数据的实时查询和不同仿真体系结构之间数据交互格式的转换，为仿真历史数据的实时使用和事后分析提供了条件。与文件系统、SQLServer数据库系统的比较实验表明，应用该模型对仿真运行环境的时态数据进行管理具有更高的效率。
在数据模型的基础上，论文研究了仿真运行环境中时态数据的快速访问方法，提出了两种新的索引技术：趋于均匀间隔的稀疏索引和可变Hash索引。前者是一种建立在按索引字段有序存放的数据文件之上的顺序索引，索引常驻内存且所消耗的空间固定不变。理论分析和实验结果表明，该索引方法在不影响数据收集过程的前提下，可以有效地减少数据访问的I／O次数。后者是一种建立在时间属性上的动态Hash索引，该索引方法克服了在时态数据的时间属性上建立Hash索引的难点，提出了索引参数随机变化的思想，并应用AP-树对Hash参数进行组织。通过对查询操作的时间复杂度和数据组织的空间复杂度的理论分析和实验验证，表明该索引技术的性能优于同类快照索引技术，并且具有理想的空间利用率。
数据分发管理是HLA接口规范中的六类服务之一，高效的区域匹配算法是研究数据分发管理的重点和难点。区域匹配算法在本质上是空间矩形求交问题，论文将区域匹配及其元数据的管理纳入时态数据管理的范畴，提出了一种基于R-树的匹配算法。该方法用R-树对更新矩形进行组织，并利用Hash索引对其叶结点的组织方式进行了改进。
It's very important for simulation systems to manage data effectively during the process of simulation modeling, simulation execution and after-action analysis. Especially for the simulation execution, the system often needs to access current data in a real-time manner. In order to provide the users with statistical information as soon as possible, the system also needs to manage historical data effciently. The temporal database is a database system that can manage time-varying information of the world effectively, and it can also meet the users' needs to access historical and current data in a consistent way. As a result of very large amount of data being managed, the storage and query technologies are difficult and important research issues for temporal databases. So the real-time management technology for temporal data on the DIS/HLA run-time environment is deeply studied in this paper.
Data collection system is a typical component which is closely related to data management in the DIS/HLA simulation system. The storage architecture of collected data, the strategy of data loading and the usage of collected data are first studied in this paper. Then a log-based temporal data model is provided to deal with time varying information of the simulation run-time environment. Only a time attribute is used as the temporal attribute in this model. On the base of the relational algebra of the model, the simulation system can query the historical data during the simulation execution effectively and analysis the simulation data after simulation quickly. The snapshot querying and schema transformation algorithm defined for the model can also be used by simulation systems to implement the simulation reviewing and data format exchanging of different simulation architectures. Experiments show that the efficiency of data storing and querying in this model is better than that of file system and SQLServer system.
According to the data model, two new access methods (indexes) used for simulation run-time environment are designed in this paper. They are the Quasi-Equal Interval Sparse Index and the Variable Hash Index. The former is an ordered main-memory index used for sequential file, and the space of the index structure was constant. Analysis and experiment rusults show that the index can greatly reduce the times of I/Os without affecting the data collection process. The latter is a dynamic Hash index, and the temporal attribute is used as a Hash variable. The index is well suited for time attribute because of the idea of adaptively changing of Hash function parameters, and those parameters are organized as an AP-tree. It can
数据收集系统是高级分布式仿真环境中与数据管理密切相关的典型组件。论文首先系统研究了数据收集系统的数据存储结构、数据使用方法、数据导入策略等关键问题，重点探讨了数据库技术在数据存储和数据查询中的应用，并在此基础上提出了一种基于日志的时态数据模型，定义了适用于仿真数据管理的四种基本运算。该模型使用一个时间值标识元组，应用时态数据库的快照查询和模式转换技术，可以实现对仿真数据的实时查询和不同仿真体系结构之间数据交互格式的转换，为仿真历史数据的实时使用和事后分析提供了条件。与文件系统、SQLServer数据库系统的比较实验表明，应用该模型对仿真运行环境的时态数据进行管理具有更高的效率。
在数据模型的基础上，论文研究了仿真运行环境中时态数据的快速访问方法，提出了两种新的索引技术：趋于均匀间隔的稀疏索引和可变Hash索引。前者是一种建立在按索引字段有序存放的数据文件之上的顺序索引，索引常驻内存且所消耗的空间固定不变。理论分析和实验结果表明，该索引方法在不影响数据收集过程的前提下，可以有效地减少数据访问的I／O次数。后者是一种建立在时间属性上的动态Hash索引，该索引方法克服了在时态数据的时间属性上建立Hash索引的难点，提出了索引参数随机变化的思想，并应用AP-树对Hash参数进行组织。通过对查询操作的时间复杂度和数据组织的空间复杂度的理论分析和实验验证，表明该索引技术的性能优于同类快照索引技术，并且具有理想的空间利用率。
数据分发管理是HLA接口规范中的六类服务之一，高效的区域匹配算法是研究数据分发管理的重点和难点。区域匹配算法在本质上是空间矩形求交问题，论文将区域匹配及其元数据的管理纳入时态数据管理的范畴，提出了一种基于R-树的匹配算法。该方法用R-树对更新矩形进行组织，并利用Hash索引对其叶结点的组织方式进行了改进。
It's very important for simulation systems to manage data effectively during the process of simulation modeling, simulation execution and after-action analysis. Especially for the simulation execution, the system often needs to access current data in a real-time manner. In order to provide the users with statistical information as soon as possible, the system also needs to manage historical data effciently. The temporal database is a database system that can manage time-varying information of the world effectively, and it can also meet the users' needs to access historical and current data in a consistent way. As a result of very large amount of data being managed, the storage and query technologies are difficult and important research issues for temporal databases. So the real-time management technology for temporal data on the DIS/HLA run-time environment is deeply studied in this paper.
Data collection system is a typical component which is closely related to data management in the DIS/HLA simulation system. The storage architecture of collected data, the strategy of data loading and the usage of collected data are first studied in this paper. Then a log-based temporal data model is provided to deal with time varying information of the simulation run-time environment. Only a time attribute is used as the temporal attribute in this model. On the base of the relational algebra of the model, the simulation system can query the historical data during the simulation execution effectively and analysis the simulation data after simulation quickly. The snapshot querying and schema transformation algorithm defined for the model can also be used by simulation systems to implement the simulation reviewing and data format exchanging of different simulation architectures. Experiments show that the efficiency of data storing and querying in this model is better than that of file system and SQLServer system.
According to the data model, two new access methods (indexes) used for simulation run-time environment are designed in this paper. They are the Quasi-Equal Interval Sparse Index and the Variable Hash Index. The former is an ordered main-memory index used for sequential file, and the space of the index structure was constant. Analysis and experiment rusults show that the index can greatly reduce the times of I/Os without affecting the data collection process. The latter is a dynamic Hash index, and the temporal attribute is used as a Hash variable. The index is well suited for time attribute because of the idea of adaptively changing of Hash function parameters, and those parameters are organized as an AP-tree. It can
引文
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