江孜沙棘与云南沙棘遗传多样性分析及其保护评价
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摘要
江孜沙棘(Hippophae gyantsensis)和云南沙棘(Hippophae rhamnenoidesubsp.yunnanensis)隶属于胡颓子科(Elaeagnaceae)沙棘属(Hippophae),是药用植物天然的种质资源,具有重要的经济和生态价值。它们是我国西部特有种,分别仅分布于青藏高原西部和横断山区。而这些地区由于人类活动,环境变得越来越恶劣、生态显得十分脆弱,可能对江孜沙棘和云南沙棘遗传多样性和遗传结构产生了影响,而以前的数据资料尚不足以确定江孜沙棘和云南沙棘遗传多样性丢失的可能性有多大,对它们的物种保护类别划分及其分子鉴定没有被研究过。本文以涵盖分布区的江孜沙棘与云南沙棘类群为研究对象,共选取了14个居群,109个样品,通过DNA测序对种群遗传多样性和遗传结构进行分析,并评价了研究物种种群遗传多样性受威胁的风险性,提出了相应的保护对策。
1.江孜沙棘与云南沙棘遗传多样性及遗传分化研究
利用叶绿体基因TrnS-G和TrnL-F测序对江孜沙棘与云南沙棘进行居群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析,共检测出11种单倍型。在物种水平上,江孜沙棘与云南沙棘具有很高的遗传多样性,总的单倍型多样性(Ht)分别是0.850和0.919,核苷酸序列多样性指数(π)分别为0.00668和0.01159,总的遗传多样性指数为Ht=0.884。而且遗传分化也较大,用ARLEQUIN计算出的居群间遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.694,分子方差分析(AMOVA)的结果表明64.42%的遗传变异存在于居群之间,居群分化系数Nst=0.725(0.0864)显著高于Gst=0.694(0.0902)(P＜0.05),这表明基因型与地理分布间存在亲缘地理结构。从单倍型间最小生成树(minimum spaning tree)可以推测出比较古老的基因型,有这些基因型经过若干突变衍生成其他基因型。种群遗传结构过程研究结果表明,除单倍型H2和H11以外,发现基因流的存在,其余基因型均为限制性基因流。此外,我们推测江孜沙棘与云南沙棘在分布区范围内可能有多个避难所。
2.江孜沙棘与云南沙棘遗传多样性丧失风险评价
江孜沙棘与云南沙棘各自在类群上都存在明显的分化,而且遗传多样性丰富,总的遗传多样性丢失的风险较小。
Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis which are natural plant germplasm resources belong to Hippophae of Elaeagnaceae, play an important role in economic and ecological benefits.Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis are both endemic species to the East Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains.For human activity in this area,the eco-environment becomes more and more fragiler which is harm to genetic diversity and genetic structure of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis, and there is not enough data to estimation the possibility of disappearance of genetic diversity.Classfying of protection category of the species have not done yet.In this paper,populations of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp. yunnanensis in the distributing area are stdudied.We sequencing DNA of 109 individuals in 14 populations to analyse genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species.Risk of the genetic diversity lose of the species is studied based on the results.
1.Study on genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis
by seqencing gene TrnS-G and gene TrnL-F in Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp.Yunnanensis 11 haplotypes are occured.At the species level,high total diversity(Ht)are found,0.850 and 0.919 respectively for Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis,and nucleotide diversity (π) are 0.00668 and 0.01159 respectively,the total gene diversity was 0.884. ARLEQUIN showed strong cpDNA genetic differentiation(Gst=0.694),64.42%of the total genetic diversity was partitioned among populations.Evidence for phylogeographical structure was detceted(Nst=0.725,significantly higher than Gst,P＜0.05).Older genetypes are infered from the minimum spaning tree which showed relatonship among the genetyoes.The result showed that there is no gene flow except haplotype H2 and H11.And we infere that there are several possible refugia.
2.Risk for disperse of the genetic diversity of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis
Low risk for genetic diversity of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis lose inferred from the study which showed high genetic diversity and strong differentiation in Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp.Yunnanensis.
1.江孜沙棘与云南沙棘遗传多样性及遗传分化研究
利用叶绿体基因TrnS-G和TrnL-F测序对江孜沙棘与云南沙棘进行居群遗传多样性和遗传结构分析,共检测出11种单倍型。在物种水平上,江孜沙棘与云南沙棘具有很高的遗传多样性,总的单倍型多样性(Ht)分别是0.850和0.919,核苷酸序列多样性指数(π)分别为0.00668和0.01159,总的遗传多样性指数为Ht=0.884。而且遗传分化也较大,用ARLEQUIN计算出的居群间遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.694,分子方差分析(AMOVA)的结果表明64.42%的遗传变异存在于居群之间,居群分化系数Nst=0.725(0.0864)显著高于Gst=0.694(0.0902)(P＜0.05),这表明基因型与地理分布间存在亲缘地理结构。从单倍型间最小生成树(minimum spaning tree)可以推测出比较古老的基因型,有这些基因型经过若干突变衍生成其他基因型。种群遗传结构过程研究结果表明,除单倍型H2和H11以外,发现基因流的存在,其余基因型均为限制性基因流。此外,我们推测江孜沙棘与云南沙棘在分布区范围内可能有多个避难所。
2.江孜沙棘与云南沙棘遗传多样性丧失风险评价
江孜沙棘与云南沙棘各自在类群上都存在明显的分化,而且遗传多样性丰富,总的遗传多样性丢失的风险较小。
Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis which are natural plant germplasm resources belong to Hippophae of Elaeagnaceae, play an important role in economic and ecological benefits.Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis are both endemic species to the East Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains.For human activity in this area,the eco-environment becomes more and more fragiler which is harm to genetic diversity and genetic structure of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis, and there is not enough data to estimation the possibility of disappearance of genetic diversity.Classfying of protection category of the species have not done yet.In this paper,populations of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp. yunnanensis in the distributing area are stdudied.We sequencing DNA of 109 individuals in 14 populations to analyse genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species.Risk of the genetic diversity lose of the species is studied based on the results.
1.Study on genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis
by seqencing gene TrnS-G and gene TrnL-F in Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp.Yunnanensis 11 haplotypes are occured.At the species level,high total diversity(Ht)are found,0.850 and 0.919 respectively for Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis,and nucleotide diversity (π) are 0.00668 and 0.01159 respectively,the total gene diversity was 0.884. ARLEQUIN showed strong cpDNA genetic differentiation(Gst=0.694),64.42%of the total genetic diversity was partitioned among populations.Evidence for phylogeographical structure was detceted(Nst=0.725,significantly higher than Gst,P＜0.05).Older genetypes are infered from the minimum spaning tree which showed relatonship among the genetyoes.The result showed that there is no gene flow except haplotype H2 and H11.And we infere that there are several possible refugia.
2.Risk for disperse of the genetic diversity of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis
Low risk for genetic diversity of Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp,yunnanensis lose inferred from the study which showed high genetic diversity and strong differentiation in Hippophae gyantsensis and Hippophae rhamnenoide subsp.Yunnanensis.
引文
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