采用无机盐分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的研究
|
摘要
无机盐作盐析剂分离恒沸有机水溶液体系是一种行之有效的分离方法,有重要的工业应用背景。该方法基于盐析效应的原理,将无机盐加入到恒沸有机水溶液体系中时,由于无机盐的盐析效应,使得有机物在水中的溶解度减少,以致于形成有机物富集相和盐水富集相。当水相中盐浓度较高时形成的有机物富集相中含有少量水和极少量盐、盐水富集相中含有极少量的有机物,使大部分水在盐水相中脱去,得到较高的分离因子。目前,采用无机盐作盐析剂分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的相平衡数据较为缺乏,给采用无机盐分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的研究和开发工作带来很多困难。因此,进行有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡的研究工作具有较高的学术价值和实用价值。本文采用氟化钾和碳酸钾作盐析剂,以乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、丙烯腈、丁酮、四氢呋喃、吡啶水溶液体系为研究对象,主要完成了如下四方面的工作:
1.盐析剂的选择:通过比较文献及实验测定的乙醇-水-无机盐体系的两相组成,选择出对乙醇-水体系分离效果好的盐析剂。在已知的能与水形成恒沸体系的有机物中乙醇的极性是最强的,因此,对乙醇-水体系分离效果好的盐析剂,一般也对其它有机物-水体系具有较好的分离效果。
2.有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡数据的测定:系统测定了乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、丙烯腈、丁酮、四氢呋喃、吡啶水溶液分别与氟化钾和碳酸钾形成的有机物-水-无机盐体系的液-液相平衡数据,为采用无机盐分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的工艺设计提供了基础数据。
3.有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡的数学模型研究:采用Pitzer的电解质溶液理论分别与Wilson、NRTL或UNIQUAC方程相结合建立了计算乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、丙烯腈、丁酮、四氢呋喃、吡啶水溶液分别与氟化钾和碳酸钾形成的有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡的数学模型,为采用无机盐分离恒沸有机水溶液体系提供了理论依据和计算依据。
4.工业应用研究:以吡啶废水的治理和乙醇-丙酮-正丁醇-水体系的分离为例,论证了采用易于回收及循环使用的浓盐水为盐析剂分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的可行性,确定了采用浓盐水治理吡啶废水、分离乙醇-丙酮-正丁醇-水体系的操作条件,并将该研究结果应用于吡啶废水的治理及乙醇-丙酮-正丁醇-水体系的分离。
Phase separation procedure based on the salting-out principle for organics/watermixtures separation has been proven to be effective and has the important industryapplication background. When inorganic salts are added into the organics/watermixtures, due to the salting-out effect of the inorganic salts, the organicssolubility in water decreases and two phases are formed: the organics-rich phasecontained negligible salt and the water-rich phase contained negligible organics whenthe concentration of inorganic salts in water phase is higher,consequently water isseparated efficiently from the organics/water mixtures,and high separation factorcould be obtained. At present it is quite short of the liquid-liquid equilibrium data forseparation of azeotropic organics/water mixtures by using inorganic salts as salting-out agents,this brings many difficulties to research and development of processesfor separation of azeotropic organics/water mixtures using inorganic salts. Someasurement and calculation of liquid-liquid equilibrium data for organic-water-inorganic salts have high academic and practical value. The phase separation ofethanol-water , 1-propanol-water , 2-propanol-water , 1-butanol-water , 2-butanol-water , tert-butanol-water , acrylonitrile-water , butanone-water ,tetrahydrofuran-water and pyridine-water using KF and K_2CO_3 has been studied,the following research works have been performed in this paper.
1. Selection of salting-out agents:By comparing the composition data of the twophases of the ethanol-water-inorganic salts from the literatures with those obtainedfrom our experiments, the salting-out agents are selected for separating theethanol-water system. The polarity of the ethanol is the most intensive comparingwith most other organics forming the azeotropes with water, so the salting-outagents that have good separation effect for the ethanol-water system should be alsogood for the other organics-water systems.
2. The determination of liquid-liquid equilibrium for organics-water-inorganic saltsystems :The liquid-liquid equilibrium data for systems of ethanol-water-KF,ethanol-water-K_2CO_3 , 1-propanol-water-KF , 1-propanol-water-K_2CO_3 , 2-propanol-water-KF,2-propanol-water-K_2CO_3,1-butanol-water-KF,1-butanol-water-K_2CO_3,2-butanol-water-KF,2-butanol-water-K_2CO_3,tert-butanol-water-
KF , tert-butanol-water-K2CO3 , acrylonitrile-water-KF , acrylonitrile-water-K2CO3 , butanone-water-KF , butanone-water-K2CO3 , tetrahydrofuran-water-KF , tetrahydrofuran-water-K2CO3 , pyridine-water-KF and pyridine-water-K2CO3 were experimentally determined,providing basic data for processes designof separating azeotropic organics/water mixtures by using phase separationprocedure.3. The liquid-liquid equilibrium model research for organics-water-inorganic salts:For modeling liquid-liquid equilibrium for systems of ethanol-water-KF,ethanol-water-K2CO3 , 1-propanol-water-KF , 1-propanol-water-K2CO3 , 2-propanol-water-KF , 2-propanol-water-K2CO3 , 1-butanol-water-KF , 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 , 2-butanol-water-KF , 2-butanol-water-K2CO3 , tert-butanol-water-KF , tert-butanol-water-K2CO3 , acrylonitrile-water-KF , acrylonitrile-water-K2CO3 , butanone-water-KF , butanone-water-K2CO3 , tetrahydrofuran-water-KF , tetrahydrofuran-water-K2CO3 , pyridine-water-KF and pyridine-water-K2CO3,the Pitzer's electrolyte solution theory was adopted and applied tocalculate water activity in the water phase, and the Wilson, NRTL or theUNIQUAC equation were selected to calculate water activity in the organics phaserespectively. The thermodynamics model for organic-water-inorganic salt systemswere then obtained,providing theoretical and computational basis for separatingazeotropic organics/water mixtures by using phase separation procedure.4. Industrial application research: The feasibility of separating of azeotropicorganics/water mixtures was demonstrated by two processes: treatment ofazeotropic pyridine waste water and separation of ethanol-acetone-1-butanol-water.In these two processes,brine was used as salting-out agents, which could beeasily recovered and recycled. The operating conditions were determined by usingthe brine,and the pyridine waste water was treated and ethanol-acetone-1-butanol-water was separated by using this research results.
1.盐析剂的选择:通过比较文献及实验测定的乙醇-水-无机盐体系的两相组成,选择出对乙醇-水体系分离效果好的盐析剂。在已知的能与水形成恒沸体系的有机物中乙醇的极性是最强的,因此,对乙醇-水体系分离效果好的盐析剂,一般也对其它有机物-水体系具有较好的分离效果。
2.有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡数据的测定:系统测定了乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、丙烯腈、丁酮、四氢呋喃、吡啶水溶液分别与氟化钾和碳酸钾形成的有机物-水-无机盐体系的液-液相平衡数据,为采用无机盐分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的工艺设计提供了基础数据。
3.有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡的数学模型研究:采用Pitzer的电解质溶液理论分别与Wilson、NRTL或UNIQUAC方程相结合建立了计算乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、丙烯腈、丁酮、四氢呋喃、吡啶水溶液分别与氟化钾和碳酸钾形成的有机物-水-无机盐体系液-液相平衡的数学模型,为采用无机盐分离恒沸有机水溶液体系提供了理论依据和计算依据。
4.工业应用研究:以吡啶废水的治理和乙醇-丙酮-正丁醇-水体系的分离为例,论证了采用易于回收及循环使用的浓盐水为盐析剂分离恒沸有机水溶液体系的可行性,确定了采用浓盐水治理吡啶废水、分离乙醇-丙酮-正丁醇-水体系的操作条件,并将该研究结果应用于吡啶废水的治理及乙醇-丙酮-正丁醇-水体系的分离。
Phase separation procedure based on the salting-out principle for organics/watermixtures separation has been proven to be effective and has the important industryapplication background. When inorganic salts are added into the organics/watermixtures, due to the salting-out effect of the inorganic salts, the organicssolubility in water decreases and two phases are formed: the organics-rich phasecontained negligible salt and the water-rich phase contained negligible organics whenthe concentration of inorganic salts in water phase is higher,consequently water isseparated efficiently from the organics/water mixtures,and high separation factorcould be obtained. At present it is quite short of the liquid-liquid equilibrium data forseparation of azeotropic organics/water mixtures by using inorganic salts as salting-out agents,this brings many difficulties to research and development of processesfor separation of azeotropic organics/water mixtures using inorganic salts. Someasurement and calculation of liquid-liquid equilibrium data for organic-water-inorganic salts have high academic and practical value. The phase separation ofethanol-water , 1-propanol-water , 2-propanol-water , 1-butanol-water , 2-butanol-water , tert-butanol-water , acrylonitrile-water , butanone-water ,tetrahydrofuran-water and pyridine-water using KF and K_2CO_3 has been studied,the following research works have been performed in this paper.
1. Selection of salting-out agents:By comparing the composition data of the twophases of the ethanol-water-inorganic salts from the literatures with those obtainedfrom our experiments, the salting-out agents are selected for separating theethanol-water system. The polarity of the ethanol is the most intensive comparingwith most other organics forming the azeotropes with water, so the salting-outagents that have good separation effect for the ethanol-water system should be alsogood for the other organics-water systems.
2. The determination of liquid-liquid equilibrium for organics-water-inorganic saltsystems :The liquid-liquid equilibrium data for systems of ethanol-water-KF,ethanol-water-K_2CO_3 , 1-propanol-water-KF , 1-propanol-water-K_2CO_3 , 2-propanol-water-KF,2-propanol-water-K_2CO_3,1-butanol-water-KF,1-butanol-water-K_2CO_3,2-butanol-water-KF,2-butanol-water-K_2CO_3,tert-butanol-water-
KF , tert-butanol-water-K2CO3 , acrylonitrile-water-KF , acrylonitrile-water-K2CO3 , butanone-water-KF , butanone-water-K2CO3 , tetrahydrofuran-water-KF , tetrahydrofuran-water-K2CO3 , pyridine-water-KF and pyridine-water-K2CO3 were experimentally determined,providing basic data for processes designof separating azeotropic organics/water mixtures by using phase separationprocedure.3. The liquid-liquid equilibrium model research for organics-water-inorganic salts:For modeling liquid-liquid equilibrium for systems of ethanol-water-KF,ethanol-water-K2CO3 , 1-propanol-water-KF , 1-propanol-water-K2CO3 , 2-propanol-water-KF , 2-propanol-water-K2CO3 , 1-butanol-water-KF , 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 , 2-butanol-water-KF , 2-butanol-water-K2CO3 , tert-butanol-water-KF , tert-butanol-water-K2CO3 , acrylonitrile-water-KF , acrylonitrile-water-K2CO3 , butanone-water-KF , butanone-water-K2CO3 , tetrahydrofuran-water-KF , tetrahydrofuran-water-K2CO3 , pyridine-water-KF and pyridine-water-K2CO3,the Pitzer's electrolyte solution theory was adopted and applied tocalculate water activity in the water phase, and the Wilson, NRTL or theUNIQUAC equation were selected to calculate water activity in the organics phaserespectively. The thermodynamics model for organic-water-inorganic salt systemswere then obtained,providing theoretical and computational basis for separatingazeotropic organics/water mixtures by using phase separation procedure.4. Industrial application research: The feasibility of separating of azeotropicorganics/water mixtures was demonstrated by two processes: treatment ofazeotropic pyridine waste water and separation of ethanol-acetone-1-butanol-water.In these two processes,brine was used as salting-out agents, which could beeasily recovered and recycled. The operating conditions were determined by usingthe brine,and the pyridine waste water was treated and ethanol-acetone-1-butanol-water was separated by using this research results.
引文
[1] 程能林,溶剂手册,北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[2] 穆光照,实用溶剂手册,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990
[3] 黄涛,汤志刚,段占庭,萃取-恒沸精馏联合流程用于异丙醇-水的分离的节能研究,精细化工,2003,20(5):273～279
[4] 阎龙,恒沸精馏过程挟带剂量的研究, 青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(9):30～33
[5] 戴君裕,叶德勇,恒沸精馏法分离回收阿维菌素生产残液中的甲苯和乙醇,化工环保,2003,23(5):306-307
[6] 韩晓丽,正丁醇生产新工艺,辽宁化工,1998,27(4):220～222
[7] 陈冠荣,化工百科全书·卷一 ,北京:化学工业出版社,1990,578～582
[8] 张成虎,秦艳飞,对工业化生产无水乙醇的探讨,酿酒科技,2001,2:45～46
[9] 金晶,赵德炎,赵德新,赵开健,恒沸物、恒沸点与酒精恒沸蒸馏, 酿酒科技,2004,3:5153
[10] Thong D Y C,Jobson M, Multicomonent homogeneous azeotropic distillation 1.Assessing product feasibility,Chem.Eng.Sci.,2001,56:4369～4391
[11] Thong D Y C,Jobson M, Multicomonent homogeneous azeotropic distillation 2.Column design. Chem.Eng.Sci.,2001,56:4393～4416
[12] Thong D Y C,Jobson M, Multicomonent homogeneous azeotropic distillation 3.Column sequence synthesis,Chem.Eng.Sci.,2001,56:4417～4432
[13] Rodriguez Donis Ivone,Gerbaud Vincent, Heterogeneous Entrainer Selection for the Separation of Azeotropic and close Boiling Temperature mixtures by Heterogeneous Batch Distillation, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2001,40(22):4935～4950
[14] Hoanh.N Pham , Michael F. Doherty , Design and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillations-Ⅱ Residue Curve Maps , Chem.Eng.Sci.,1990,45(7):1837～1843
[15] Hilal N, Yousel G, Anabtawi M Z,Operating parameters effect on methanol-acetone separation by extractive distillation , Separation science and technology, 2002,37(14): 3291～3303
[16] 雷志刚,王洪有,萃取精馏的研究进展,化工进展,2001,20(9):6～9
[17] 张志刚,杨志才,崔现宝,萃取精馏分离乙酸乙酯乙醇的溶剂,化工学报,2004,55(2):226～230
[18] 徐世民,王军武,许松林,新型蒸馏技术及应用,化工机械,2004,31(3):183～187
[19] 李红利,孙健哲,溶盐萃取精馏系统的特点及设计计算,宁夏大学学报(自然科学版)19(2):144～147
[20] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭, C4 萃取精馏工艺流程优化,石油化工,1999,28(6):399～401
[21] Meyer Gerald,Kaibel Gerd,Bohner Gerd,Method and device for treating a C4 fraction[P],US2003/0181772Al,2003-09-25
[22] King C J , Separation process hased upon reversible chemical complexation,In:Rousseau R W,Handbook of Separation Process Technology,New York:John Wiley &Sons ,1987
[23] 戴猷元,秦炜,张瑾,有机物络合萃取技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[24] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭,利用PRO/Ⅱ和塔板设计软件开发异丙醇工艺,计算机与应用化学,1999,16(4):265～267
[25] 清华大学,多溢流复合斜孔塔板,CN2282912A,1998-06-03
[26] 张剑波,立体传质塔板在 PVA 装置萃取精馏及共沸精馏塔中的应用,现代化工,1998,18(4):18～21
[27] Rafiqul Gani , Bjarne Nielsen , Aage Fredenslund , A Group Contribution Approach to Computer-Aided Molecular Design, AIChE J.,1991,37(9):1318～1332
[28] 刘建新,肖翔,萃取精馏技术与工业应用进展,现代化工 ,2004,24(6):14～17
[29] Perry Robert H , Green Don W , Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook ,7th edition ,New York:McGraw-Hill ,1997
[30] Tassios P D,Extractive and Azeotropic Distillation:Rapid Screening of Extractive Distillation Solvent,Washington D C,American Chemical Society ,1972
[31] 时钧,汪家鼎,余国琮,化学工程手册,北京:化学工业出版社,1996
[32] Lo The C , Baird Malcolm H I , Hanson Carl , Handbook of Solvent Extraction,New York:Wiley,1983
[33] Aurelio Vega , Fernando Diez , Ricardo Esteban , Jose coca ,Solvent Selection for Cyclohexane-Cyclohexene-Benzene Separation by Extractive Distillation Using Non-Steady-State Gas Chromatography, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,1997,36(3):803～807
[34] Furter W F,Salt effect in distillation,Chem.Eng.,1968(7):173～177
[35] 袁惠新,分离工程,北京:中国石化出版社,2002,363～369
[36] 任洪东,崔现宝,杨志才,盐效分离作用理论预测, 化学工程,2004,32(2):6～9
[37] 李红利,孙健哲,溶盐萃取精馏系统的特点及设计计算,宁夏大学学报(自然科学版)1998,19(2):144～147
[38] Pinto R T P, Wolf-Maciel M R, Lintomen L, Saline extractive distillation process for ethanol purification,Computers and Chemical engineering,2000,24(2):1689～1694
[39] Zhou rongqi, Duan zhanting, Extractive Distillation with Salt in Solvent, Tsinghua Science and Technology, 1999,4(2): 1477～1479
[40] 董红星, 刘剑, 裴健,加盐萃取精馏的研究进展,化工时刊,2004,18(5):16～19
[41] 顾正桂,林军, 高沸点溶剂对乙醇和水萃取精馏分离计算的影响,化工时刊,2001,15(6):47～49
[42] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭, 加盐 DMF 萃取精馏分离 C4,化工学报,2004,50(3):407～410
[43] 黎宗坚,加盐萃取精馏提纯叔丁醇的研究,燕山油化,1993,8(5):12～18
[44] 单玉华,李为民,加盐萃取法回收乙醛装置副产的巴豆醛,江苏石油化工学院学报,1998,10(4):8～10
[45] 柯凌进,从三元混合溶剂中回收二氯甲烷的试验,中国医药工业杂志,2002,33(8):372～373
[46] 陈小平,加盐萃取精馏分离甲乙酮-水恒沸物的研究,烟台大学学报,2002,15(2):128～132
[47] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭,加盐 DMF 萃取精馏分离 C4,化工学报,1999,50(3):407～410
[48] 段占庭,雷良恒,周荣琪,加盐萃取精馏的研究(I), 石油化工,1980,9(6):350～353
[49] 雷良恒,段占庭,徐永福,加盐萃取精馏的研究(II), 石油化工,1982,11(6):404～409
[50] 张清奎,钱万成,蒋维钧,加盐萃取精馏的研究(III), 石油化工,1984,13(1):1～6
[51] 袁乃驹,丁富新,分离和反应工程的“场”“流”分析,北京:中国石化出版社,1996,89～95
[52] 雷良恒,周荣琪,王民法,“加盐萃取-恒沸蒸馏”联合过程的研究 I.醋酸-水体系的分离,石油化工,1985,14(8):439～443
[53] 刘公和,林诚,朱跃姿,加盐萃取-恒沸精馏从工业废酸水中回收醋酸,沈阳化工学院学报,2002,16(4):273～275
[54] 雷良恒,“加盐萃取-恒沸蒸馏”联合过程的研究 III.乙酸乙酯-水体系的分离,石油化工,1990,19(11):749～752
[55] 化学工程手册编辑委员会,化学工程手册一吸附及离子交换,北京:化学工业出版社,1985,48～53
[56] 田玉新,王世铭,玉米粉为吸附剂制无水乙醇的实验研究, 天津化工, 1996,2:20～22
[57] 章克昌,吴佩琮,酒精工业手册,北京:中国轻工业出版社,1989,231～235
[58] Tihmillioglu F. , Use of Clinoptilolite in Ethanol Dehydration , Sep.Sci.Tech.,1996,31(20):2855～2865
[59] Rice R.G,Adsorptive Distillation,Chem. Eng.Commun.,1981,10: 111～126
[60] KNOPF F.C , RICE R.G , Adsorptive distillation: Optimum solids profiles,Chem. Eng.,1982,15:109～124
[61] 周明,许春建,余国琼等,吸附蒸馏分离方法,中国专利,92102546,1993-10-06
[62] 周明,许春建,余国琼,吸附剂的蒸馏脱附再生法,中国专利,92103346,1993-10-6
[63] C. J. Xu,M. Zhou ,K. T. Yu, Study on the Three-Phase Equilibria of Ethanol-Water -4A Molecular Sieve,Proceeding of the 3'd China-Japan-USA Symposium on Advanced Adsorbtion Science and Technology, Dalian, China,1994,107～111
[64] Zhou,M.,Xu,C.J.,and K.T. Yu,A Study on the Separation of p-and m-xyleneby Adsorptive Distillation,Progress in Natural Science, 1995,4(5): 365～370
[65] 毛青龙,吸附蒸馏及脱附蒸馏过程研究,硕士学位论文,天津大学,1991
[66] 常秀莲,节能型乙醇脱水新技术研究进展,酿酒,2001,28(5):91～94
[67] 王保国,蒋维钧,用于渗透汽化过程的中空纤维复合膜的初步研究, 水处理技术, 1993, 19(2):63～67
[68] 王莅,荣玉珊,无水乙醇制备新工艺,上海化工,1998,23(9):39～42
[69] 陈翠仙,余立新,新膜及膜过程的研究现状及发展动向,水处理技术,1996,22(6):307～313
[70] 陈昌骏,膜蒸馏,净水技术,1994(3):19～25
[71] 赵建民,膜蒸馏技术的发展及趋势,海洋信息,1993(8):7～8
[72] 王保国,蒋维钧,中空纤维膜的研究现状与发展,化工进展,1994,13(2):39～43
[73] 张亚静,吴雪妹,膜蒸馏技术的应用与发展,过滤与分离,2001,11(2):16～19
[74] 朱小慧,膜蒸馏综述,化工新型材料,1998,26(5):3～8
[75] 徐萍,蒋银旗,膜蒸馏的开发和利用研究 ,净水技术,1994(4):16～21
[76] 胡柏玲,邱学青,杨东杰, 用排斥萃取分离正丁醇-丙酮-水体系,华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(12):58～62
[77] Tang Zhigang , Zhou rongqi , Duan zhanting , Separation of isopropanol from aqueous solution by salting-out extraction, Journal of chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2001,76:757～763
[78] 施学东,陆小华,时钧,正丁醇-水-氯化钙体系液-液平衡的测定和预测,南京化工大学学报,2001,23(3):49～51
[79] Hans-Martin Polka, Efect of salts on Liquid -Liquid equilibrium of 2-propanol -water, J.Chem.Eng.Data., 1974,10: 61～64
[80] Jules A. R,Oberg A.G, Ternary systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts, Journal of chemical engineering data, 1966,11(2):169～171.
[81] Jules A. R,Oberg A.G, Ternary systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts, Journal of chemical engineering data, 1965,10(2):152～155
[82] Jules A. R,Oberg A.G, Ternary systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts, Journal of chemical engineering data, 1967,12(l):33～36.
[83] Z.C.Li, Yiping Tang, Yi Liu, Salting efect in partially miserable system of nbutanol -water and butanone-water , Fluid Phase Equilibrium, 1995,103: 143～153
[84] Taper A,Salt effect on Liquid-Liquid equilibrium in partially miserable system of water-2-butanol and water-ethyl acetate J.Chem.Eng.Data,1996,40:58～62
[85] Taper A,Salt effect of lithium chloride, sodium bromide or potassium iodide on Liquid-Liquid equilibrium in the system of water-1-butanol and water-ethyl acetate,J.Chem.Eng.Data,1997,42: 74～77
[86] V.Gomis, Salt efect in extraction of ethanol from aqueous solution: 2-ethylhexanol-sodium chloride as solvent , Ind. Eng. Chem.Res. , 1998,37:599～603
[87] T.C.Tan, S.A.Vinth, Liquid-liquid equilibrium of water/acetic acid/l-butanol system-effect of sodium (potassium) chloride and correlation,Fluid Phase Equilibrium, 1999,163: 243～257
[88] Yoshio Kumagae , Liquid-liquid equilibrium of heptanes-methanol-toluenecalcium and ethyl acetate-water-ethanol-calcium chloride quaternary systems, Can.J.Chem.Eng., 1994,726(8):695700.
[89] Card J C, Farrell L M. Separation of Alcohol–Water Mixtures Using Salts[R]. ORNL/MIT–338, Oak Ridge. Oak Ridge National Lab,1982, 1～23
[90] 李伯耿,骆有寿,朱自强,含盐溶液汽液平衡的状态方程法研究-单一溶剂盐溶液蒸汽压的测定及关联,化工学报,1986,(1): 51～57
[91] Kashinath R.,Ratil,A.D,Tripathi, Thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions of LiCI,LiBr,LiI, J.Chem.Eng.Data, 1990,35:166～168
[92] Tzu-Jen Chou, Akihiko Tanioka, A vapor pressure model for aqueous solutions of single and mixed electrolyte systems , Fluid Phase Equilibrium, 1997,137:17～32
[93] David Meranda, W.F.Furter, Vapor-Liquid equilibrium in alcohol-water systems containing dissolved halide salts and salt mixture,AIChE J., 1992,18(1): 111～116
[94] Donaldson T C, Phase separation of organics/water mixtures Using Salts, CONF-840509-3, Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge National Lab,1984,1～9
[95] Korenman etal,Salting-out in a two-phase system,Journal of physical chemistry, 1975,49(6): 1490～1493
[96] Stephen H , Stephen T , Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds , Ternary System,Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd., 1979,344～345
[97] FurterWF,Salt Effect on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and its Usage in Separation Process , [Ph.D D Thesis] , Toronto : Univercity of Toronto,1985
[98] Schmitt D, Prediction of the salt effect on vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures,Fluid Phase Equilibria,1982,(9):167～176
[99] 潘晓梅,杨志才,苗德足,汽液平衡盐效应数学模型的研究,天津大学学报,2002,35(5):655～660
[100] 李以圭,李春喜,电解质溶液的分子热力学模型研究进展,化学进展,1996,8(2):155～161
[101] Hand D B , The distribution of consolute liquid between two immiscible liquids,J.Phys.Chem.,1960, 34: 1961～2000
[102] Chen C C,etal. Local composition model for excess gibbs energy of electrolyte systems,AIChE J,1982,28:588～596
[103] 黄子卿,电解质溶液理论导论,北京:科学出版社,1983,210～213
[104] Pitzer K S,Thermodynamics of Electrolytes,I. Theoretical basis and general equations, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1973, 77(2): 268～277
[105] Pitzer K S,Guillermo Magorga,Thermodynamics of Electrolytes,II. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent , The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1973 , 77(19): 2300～2308
[106] Silvester L F,Pitzer K S,Thermodynamics of Electrolytes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1977, 81(19):1822～1828
[107] 许文友,丁酮-水-氟化钾及丁酮-水-碳酸钾液-液相平衡数据的测定和关联,化学工程,2001,29(4):43～46
[108] Roy R N, Pitzer K S, Thermodynamics of Aqueous Carbonate Solutions, J. Chem. Thermodynamics,1984,16: 303～305
[109] 江丽葵,宋航,付超,异戊醇-乙二醇体系等压汽液相平衡研究, 化学工程,2002,30(2):68～71
[110] 茹德新,陈心志,常减压下乙酸乙酯-吡啶体系的汽液平衡测定,高校化学工程学报,2002,16(2):207～211
[111] 杨运泉,乙醇-苯乙烯-水三元体系液-液相平衡,化工学报,2002,53(4):432～435
[112] Gmehling J, Onken U, Arlt W,Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection (Aqueous-Organic Systems) , Frankfurt : DECHEMA Press, 1981,116～116～157,236～250,328～345
[113] 丁立,周荣琪,段占庭,制药废液中回收乙腈与 DMF,精细化工,2000,17(3):140～142
[114] 许金全,应用特殊精馏技术从制药废液中回收四氢呋喃,化工环保,1999,19(3):12～16
[115] 马心如,赵芙荣, 恒沸精馏法生产无水酒精,酿酒科技,2002,2:57～58
[116] 刘光启,马连湘,刘杰, 化学化工物性数据手册(无机卷),北京:化学工业出版社,2001,331～333
[2] 穆光照,实用溶剂手册,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990
[3] 黄涛,汤志刚,段占庭,萃取-恒沸精馏联合流程用于异丙醇-水的分离的节能研究,精细化工,2003,20(5):273～279
[4] 阎龙,恒沸精馏过程挟带剂量的研究, 青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(9):30～33
[5] 戴君裕,叶德勇,恒沸精馏法分离回收阿维菌素生产残液中的甲苯和乙醇,化工环保,2003,23(5):306-307
[6] 韩晓丽,正丁醇生产新工艺,辽宁化工,1998,27(4):220～222
[7] 陈冠荣,化工百科全书·卷一 ,北京:化学工业出版社,1990,578～582
[8] 张成虎,秦艳飞,对工业化生产无水乙醇的探讨,酿酒科技,2001,2:45～46
[9] 金晶,赵德炎,赵德新,赵开健,恒沸物、恒沸点与酒精恒沸蒸馏, 酿酒科技,2004,3:5153
[10] Thong D Y C,Jobson M, Multicomonent homogeneous azeotropic distillation 1.Assessing product feasibility,Chem.Eng.Sci.,2001,56:4369～4391
[11] Thong D Y C,Jobson M, Multicomonent homogeneous azeotropic distillation 2.Column design. Chem.Eng.Sci.,2001,56:4393～4416
[12] Thong D Y C,Jobson M, Multicomonent homogeneous azeotropic distillation 3.Column sequence synthesis,Chem.Eng.Sci.,2001,56:4417～4432
[13] Rodriguez Donis Ivone,Gerbaud Vincent, Heterogeneous Entrainer Selection for the Separation of Azeotropic and close Boiling Temperature mixtures by Heterogeneous Batch Distillation, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2001,40(22):4935～4950
[14] Hoanh.N Pham , Michael F. Doherty , Design and Synthesis of Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillations-Ⅱ Residue Curve Maps , Chem.Eng.Sci.,1990,45(7):1837～1843
[15] Hilal N, Yousel G, Anabtawi M Z,Operating parameters effect on methanol-acetone separation by extractive distillation , Separation science and technology, 2002,37(14): 3291～3303
[16] 雷志刚,王洪有,萃取精馏的研究进展,化工进展,2001,20(9):6～9
[17] 张志刚,杨志才,崔现宝,萃取精馏分离乙酸乙酯乙醇的溶剂,化工学报,2004,55(2):226～230
[18] 徐世民,王军武,许松林,新型蒸馏技术及应用,化工机械,2004,31(3):183～187
[19] 李红利,孙健哲,溶盐萃取精馏系统的特点及设计计算,宁夏大学学报(自然科学版)19(2):144～147
[20] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭, C4 萃取精馏工艺流程优化,石油化工,1999,28(6):399～401
[21] Meyer Gerald,Kaibel Gerd,Bohner Gerd,Method and device for treating a C4 fraction[P],US2003/0181772Al,2003-09-25
[22] King C J , Separation process hased upon reversible chemical complexation,In:Rousseau R W,Handbook of Separation Process Technology,New York:John Wiley &Sons ,1987
[23] 戴猷元,秦炜,张瑾,有机物络合萃取技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[24] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭,利用PRO/Ⅱ和塔板设计软件开发异丙醇工艺,计算机与应用化学,1999,16(4):265～267
[25] 清华大学,多溢流复合斜孔塔板,CN2282912A,1998-06-03
[26] 张剑波,立体传质塔板在 PVA 装置萃取精馏及共沸精馏塔中的应用,现代化工,1998,18(4):18～21
[27] Rafiqul Gani , Bjarne Nielsen , Aage Fredenslund , A Group Contribution Approach to Computer-Aided Molecular Design, AIChE J.,1991,37(9):1318～1332
[28] 刘建新,肖翔,萃取精馏技术与工业应用进展,现代化工 ,2004,24(6):14～17
[29] Perry Robert H , Green Don W , Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook ,7th edition ,New York:McGraw-Hill ,1997
[30] Tassios P D,Extractive and Azeotropic Distillation:Rapid Screening of Extractive Distillation Solvent,Washington D C,American Chemical Society ,1972
[31] 时钧,汪家鼎,余国琮,化学工程手册,北京:化学工业出版社,1996
[32] Lo The C , Baird Malcolm H I , Hanson Carl , Handbook of Solvent Extraction,New York:Wiley,1983
[33] Aurelio Vega , Fernando Diez , Ricardo Esteban , Jose coca ,Solvent Selection for Cyclohexane-Cyclohexene-Benzene Separation by Extractive Distillation Using Non-Steady-State Gas Chromatography, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,1997,36(3):803～807
[34] Furter W F,Salt effect in distillation,Chem.Eng.,1968(7):173～177
[35] 袁惠新,分离工程,北京:中国石化出版社,2002,363～369
[36] 任洪东,崔现宝,杨志才,盐效分离作用理论预测, 化学工程,2004,32(2):6～9
[37] 李红利,孙健哲,溶盐萃取精馏系统的特点及设计计算,宁夏大学学报(自然科学版)1998,19(2):144～147
[38] Pinto R T P, Wolf-Maciel M R, Lintomen L, Saline extractive distillation process for ethanol purification,Computers and Chemical engineering,2000,24(2):1689～1694
[39] Zhou rongqi, Duan zhanting, Extractive Distillation with Salt in Solvent, Tsinghua Science and Technology, 1999,4(2): 1477～1479
[40] 董红星, 刘剑, 裴健,加盐萃取精馏的研究进展,化工时刊,2004,18(5):16～19
[41] 顾正桂,林军, 高沸点溶剂对乙醇和水萃取精馏分离计算的影响,化工时刊,2001,15(6):47～49
[42] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭, 加盐 DMF 萃取精馏分离 C4,化工学报,2004,50(3):407～410
[43] 黎宗坚,加盐萃取精馏提纯叔丁醇的研究,燕山油化,1993,8(5):12～18
[44] 单玉华,李为民,加盐萃取法回收乙醛装置副产的巴豆醛,江苏石油化工学院学报,1998,10(4):8～10
[45] 柯凌进,从三元混合溶剂中回收二氯甲烷的试验,中国医药工业杂志,2002,33(8):372～373
[46] 陈小平,加盐萃取精馏分离甲乙酮-水恒沸物的研究,烟台大学学报,2002,15(2):128～132
[47] 雷志刚,周荣琪,段占庭,加盐 DMF 萃取精馏分离 C4,化工学报,1999,50(3):407～410
[48] 段占庭,雷良恒,周荣琪,加盐萃取精馏的研究(I), 石油化工,1980,9(6):350～353
[49] 雷良恒,段占庭,徐永福,加盐萃取精馏的研究(II), 石油化工,1982,11(6):404～409
[50] 张清奎,钱万成,蒋维钧,加盐萃取精馏的研究(III), 石油化工,1984,13(1):1～6
[51] 袁乃驹,丁富新,分离和反应工程的“场”“流”分析,北京:中国石化出版社,1996,89～95
[52] 雷良恒,周荣琪,王民法,“加盐萃取-恒沸蒸馏”联合过程的研究 I.醋酸-水体系的分离,石油化工,1985,14(8):439～443
[53] 刘公和,林诚,朱跃姿,加盐萃取-恒沸精馏从工业废酸水中回收醋酸,沈阳化工学院学报,2002,16(4):273～275
[54] 雷良恒,“加盐萃取-恒沸蒸馏”联合过程的研究 III.乙酸乙酯-水体系的分离,石油化工,1990,19(11):749～752
[55] 化学工程手册编辑委员会,化学工程手册一吸附及离子交换,北京:化学工业出版社,1985,48～53
[56] 田玉新,王世铭,玉米粉为吸附剂制无水乙醇的实验研究, 天津化工, 1996,2:20～22
[57] 章克昌,吴佩琮,酒精工业手册,北京:中国轻工业出版社,1989,231～235
[58] Tihmillioglu F. , Use of Clinoptilolite in Ethanol Dehydration , Sep.Sci.Tech.,1996,31(20):2855～2865
[59] Rice R.G,Adsorptive Distillation,Chem. Eng.Commun.,1981,10: 111～126
[60] KNOPF F.C , RICE R.G , Adsorptive distillation: Optimum solids profiles,Chem. Eng.,1982,15:109～124
[61] 周明,许春建,余国琼等,吸附蒸馏分离方法,中国专利,92102546,1993-10-06
[62] 周明,许春建,余国琼,吸附剂的蒸馏脱附再生法,中国专利,92103346,1993-10-6
[63] C. J. Xu,M. Zhou ,K. T. Yu, Study on the Three-Phase Equilibria of Ethanol-Water -4A Molecular Sieve,Proceeding of the 3'd China-Japan-USA Symposium on Advanced Adsorbtion Science and Technology, Dalian, China,1994,107～111
[64] Zhou,M.,Xu,C.J.,and K.T. Yu,A Study on the Separation of p-and m-xyleneby Adsorptive Distillation,Progress in Natural Science, 1995,4(5): 365～370
[65] 毛青龙,吸附蒸馏及脱附蒸馏过程研究,硕士学位论文,天津大学,1991
[66] 常秀莲,节能型乙醇脱水新技术研究进展,酿酒,2001,28(5):91～94
[67] 王保国,蒋维钧,用于渗透汽化过程的中空纤维复合膜的初步研究, 水处理技术, 1993, 19(2):63～67
[68] 王莅,荣玉珊,无水乙醇制备新工艺,上海化工,1998,23(9):39～42
[69] 陈翠仙,余立新,新膜及膜过程的研究现状及发展动向,水处理技术,1996,22(6):307～313
[70] 陈昌骏,膜蒸馏,净水技术,1994(3):19～25
[71] 赵建民,膜蒸馏技术的发展及趋势,海洋信息,1993(8):7～8
[72] 王保国,蒋维钧,中空纤维膜的研究现状与发展,化工进展,1994,13(2):39～43
[73] 张亚静,吴雪妹,膜蒸馏技术的应用与发展,过滤与分离,2001,11(2):16～19
[74] 朱小慧,膜蒸馏综述,化工新型材料,1998,26(5):3～8
[75] 徐萍,蒋银旗,膜蒸馏的开发和利用研究 ,净水技术,1994(4):16～21
[76] 胡柏玲,邱学青,杨东杰, 用排斥萃取分离正丁醇-丙酮-水体系,华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(12):58～62
[77] Tang Zhigang , Zhou rongqi , Duan zhanting , Separation of isopropanol from aqueous solution by salting-out extraction, Journal of chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2001,76:757～763
[78] 施学东,陆小华,时钧,正丁醇-水-氯化钙体系液-液平衡的测定和预测,南京化工大学学报,2001,23(3):49～51
[79] Hans-Martin Polka, Efect of salts on Liquid -Liquid equilibrium of 2-propanol -water, J.Chem.Eng.Data., 1974,10: 61～64
[80] Jules A. R,Oberg A.G, Ternary systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts, Journal of chemical engineering data, 1966,11(2):169～171.
[81] Jules A. R,Oberg A.G, Ternary systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts, Journal of chemical engineering data, 1965,10(2):152～155
[82] Jules A. R,Oberg A.G, Ternary systems: Water-Acetonitrile-Salts, Journal of chemical engineering data, 1967,12(l):33～36.
[83] Z.C.Li, Yiping Tang, Yi Liu, Salting efect in partially miserable system of nbutanol -water and butanone-water , Fluid Phase Equilibrium, 1995,103: 143～153
[84] Taper A,Salt effect on Liquid-Liquid equilibrium in partially miserable system of water-2-butanol and water-ethyl acetate J.Chem.Eng.Data,1996,40:58～62
[85] Taper A,Salt effect of lithium chloride, sodium bromide or potassium iodide on Liquid-Liquid equilibrium in the system of water-1-butanol and water-ethyl acetate,J.Chem.Eng.Data,1997,42: 74～77
[86] V.Gomis, Salt efect in extraction of ethanol from aqueous solution: 2-ethylhexanol-sodium chloride as solvent , Ind. Eng. Chem.Res. , 1998,37:599～603
[87] T.C.Tan, S.A.Vinth, Liquid-liquid equilibrium of water/acetic acid/l-butanol system-effect of sodium (potassium) chloride and correlation,Fluid Phase Equilibrium, 1999,163: 243～257
[88] Yoshio Kumagae , Liquid-liquid equilibrium of heptanes-methanol-toluenecalcium and ethyl acetate-water-ethanol-calcium chloride quaternary systems, Can.J.Chem.Eng., 1994,726(8):695700.
[89] Card J C, Farrell L M. Separation of Alcohol–Water Mixtures Using Salts[R]. ORNL/MIT–338, Oak Ridge. Oak Ridge National Lab,1982, 1～23
[90] 李伯耿,骆有寿,朱自强,含盐溶液汽液平衡的状态方程法研究-单一溶剂盐溶液蒸汽压的测定及关联,化工学报,1986,(1): 51～57
[91] Kashinath R.,Ratil,A.D,Tripathi, Thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions of LiCI,LiBr,LiI, J.Chem.Eng.Data, 1990,35:166～168
[92] Tzu-Jen Chou, Akihiko Tanioka, A vapor pressure model for aqueous solutions of single and mixed electrolyte systems , Fluid Phase Equilibrium, 1997,137:17～32
[93] David Meranda, W.F.Furter, Vapor-Liquid equilibrium in alcohol-water systems containing dissolved halide salts and salt mixture,AIChE J., 1992,18(1): 111～116
[94] Donaldson T C, Phase separation of organics/water mixtures Using Salts, CONF-840509-3, Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge National Lab,1984,1～9
[95] Korenman etal,Salting-out in a two-phase system,Journal of physical chemistry, 1975,49(6): 1490～1493
[96] Stephen H , Stephen T , Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds , Ternary System,Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd., 1979,344～345
[97] FurterWF,Salt Effect on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and its Usage in Separation Process , [Ph.D D Thesis] , Toronto : Univercity of Toronto,1985
[98] Schmitt D, Prediction of the salt effect on vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures,Fluid Phase Equilibria,1982,(9):167～176
[99] 潘晓梅,杨志才,苗德足,汽液平衡盐效应数学模型的研究,天津大学学报,2002,35(5):655～660
[100] 李以圭,李春喜,电解质溶液的分子热力学模型研究进展,化学进展,1996,8(2):155～161
[101] Hand D B , The distribution of consolute liquid between two immiscible liquids,J.Phys.Chem.,1960, 34: 1961～2000
[102] Chen C C,etal. Local composition model for excess gibbs energy of electrolyte systems,AIChE J,1982,28:588～596
[103] 黄子卿,电解质溶液理论导论,北京:科学出版社,1983,210～213
[104] Pitzer K S,Thermodynamics of Electrolytes,I. Theoretical basis and general equations, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1973, 77(2): 268～277
[105] Pitzer K S,Guillermo Magorga,Thermodynamics of Electrolytes,II. Activity and osmotic coefficients for strong electrolytes with one or both ions univalent , The Journal of Physical Chemistry , 1973 , 77(19): 2300～2308
[106] Silvester L F,Pitzer K S,Thermodynamics of Electrolytes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1977, 81(19):1822～1828
[107] 许文友,丁酮-水-氟化钾及丁酮-水-碳酸钾液-液相平衡数据的测定和关联,化学工程,2001,29(4):43～46
[108] Roy R N, Pitzer K S, Thermodynamics of Aqueous Carbonate Solutions, J. Chem. Thermodynamics,1984,16: 303～305
[109] 江丽葵,宋航,付超,异戊醇-乙二醇体系等压汽液相平衡研究, 化学工程,2002,30(2):68～71
[110] 茹德新,陈心志,常减压下乙酸乙酯-吡啶体系的汽液平衡测定,高校化学工程学报,2002,16(2):207～211
[111] 杨运泉,乙醇-苯乙烯-水三元体系液-液相平衡,化工学报,2002,53(4):432～435
[112] Gmehling J, Onken U, Arlt W,Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection (Aqueous-Organic Systems) , Frankfurt : DECHEMA Press, 1981,116～116～157,236～250,328～345
[113] 丁立,周荣琪,段占庭,制药废液中回收乙腈与 DMF,精细化工,2000,17(3):140～142
[114] 许金全,应用特殊精馏技术从制药废液中回收四氢呋喃,化工环保,1999,19(3):12～16
[115] 马心如,赵芙荣, 恒沸精馏法生产无水酒精,酿酒科技,2002,2:57～58
[116] 刘光启,马连湘,刘杰, 化学化工物性数据手册(无机卷),北京:化学工业出版社,2001,331～333