含多肽嵌段共聚物的合成与性能
摘要
多肽链是蛋白质的基本共价结构，是生命现象的基础。因此合成与研究含有聚多肽链段的聚合物目前是一个热点的课题之一。本论文围绕着聚谷氨酸类多肽这个中心，合成了一系列聚谷氨酸类嵌段共聚物，并探讨了这些新合成的嵌段共聚物的相关性能，分析了聚谷氨酸类链段的二级结构对于嵌段共聚物性能的影响，研究了聚谷氨酸类链段的二级结构对嵌段共聚物的一维，二维，和三维自组装的作用。采用AFM，TEM，和SEM等方法，直观地分析研究了含聚谷氨酸类嵌段共聚物的自组装特性，并从微观的角度上对观察到的各种现象进行了原理分析，阐明了聚谷氨酸类嵌段共聚物结构与性能之间的关系。主要内容如下：
含聚多肽与PEG嵌段共聚物的合成。我们的合成主要是围绕着含PSLG嵌段共聚物为中心展开，同时，将PEG这一独特的亲水性及生物相容性嵌段引入共聚物中，组合成新的嵌段共聚物，为以后的性能研究做好铺垫。在聚多肽与PEG嵌段共聚物的合成中，我们从羟基PEG出发，首先将PEG端氨基化，然后利用氨基酸的NCA开环反应合成PEG与PSLG的嵌段共聚物，同时探讨了一次性合成含PEG与聚氨基酸类胶束的路线。
PEG-b-PSLG嵌段共聚物在溶液中自组装研究。两亲性嵌段共聚物在溶液中的自组装是高分子物理研究的一个课题，近年来人们合成了许多两亲性嵌段共聚物并探讨了其自组装的机理。在这一方面Eisenberg等人作了许多杰出的研究工作。已经有很多人研究过PEG与PBLG嵌段共聚物在液体表面的二维与在溶液中的三维自组装。我们研究主要针对在溶液中PEG-b-PSLG嵌段共聚物的三维自组装。我们采用TEM，SEM，和DLS等方法研究了其在混合溶剂中的自组装，发现PEG与PBLG嵌段共聚物在有机混合溶剂中能够自组装成囊泡状结构，分析了其自组装形貌与机理的关系。
PEG-b-PSLG嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的自组装。Watanabe等人研究了聚谷氨酸烷烃酯类在HOPG表面上的二维自组装，发现了HOPG的晶向附生长对聚谷氨酸烷烃酯类二维自组装的诱导作用。我们主要采用AFM对PEG与PSLG嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的二维自组装进行了系统地研究。研究表明，嵌段共聚物中的PSLG嵌段首先在HOPG上进行取向附生排列，PEG则在其周围与上方排列堆积。制样浓度对嵌段共聚物在表面上的二维自组装没有本质上的影响，但浓度的增加导致了嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的二维组装由岛状排列逐渐到形成单分子层。浓度继续增加时，嵌段共聚物在单分子层表面上将会形成纳米棒状和圆环状结构。制样方法，如：旋涂和滴膜，对嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的自组装并没有本质的影响。根据试验结果，我们设计了嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上二维自组装的模型。
聚氨基酸嵌段共聚物凝胶的研究。我们合成了新的聚谷氨酸十八醇酯与聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物(PSLG-b-PBLG)，研究了其在甲苯中形成凝胶的一维自组装现象与机理。通过AFM，TEM，和SAXS的研究与分析，我们发现PSLG-b-PBLG在甲苯中形成热可逆凝胶，其凝胶的外观特征与PBLG和PSLG有颜色上的区别。通过改变PSLG-b-PBLG的浓度制备凝胶并进行AFM观察发现凝胶有形成丝带装形貌的特征。将AFM，TEM，和SAXS的结果进行比较分析，我们认为PSLG-b-PBLG在甲苯中的凝胶是一种丝带状的结构。
As one of the basic components of protein and life, peptide has attracted muchattention in recent years. In this thesis we focused on the synthesis of a series ofglutamate polypeptides based copolymers, as well as the properties of polypeptidessynthesized and the effect of secondary structure of polypeptide on the properties ofcopolymers. We described here the relation between secondary structures ofpolypeptides and 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional self-assembly properties ofcopolymers. The self-assembly character of polyglutamate based copolymers wassystematically studied by direct visualization methods such as AFM, TEM, and SEM.Model analysis was proposed on any self-assembly phenomena observed, and therelation between properties and copolymers was clearly expressed. The main contentof this thesis is listed as below:
Synthesis polypeptide based eopolymers. A series of poly(γ-stearyl L-glutamate)(PSLG) based copolymers was synthesized by ring-open polymerization of aminoacid NCA, which was initiated by hydrophilic polymer such as amine terminated PEG.Some specific properties would be found derived from these novel molecularstructures of PSLG-b-PEG copolymers. The amine terminated PEG was synthesizedfrom hydroxyl PEG by tosylation and the classic phthalimide-hydrazine procedure.We studied the micellization of PSLG-b-PEG contained copolymers by in-situsynthesis method also.
Self-assembly of PEG-b-PSLG eopolymers in solvents. The self-assembly ofamphiphilic copolymers is one of the attractive topic of macromolecular physics. Aseries of studies on the synthesis and property of amphiphilic copolymers were carriedout these years, and great works have been done by Eisenberg's group on this area. Ithas been extensively investigated about 2D self-assembly on the surface of solventand 3D self-aggregate in solutions of PEG-b-PBLG these years. We focused ourinvestigation on the 3D self-aggregation of PEG-b-PSLG di-and triblock copolymersby TEM, SEM, and DLS etc. Vesicular like aggregates of PEG-b-PSLG were found in organic mixed solvents, and the self-assembly mechanism of PEG-b-PSLG wassystematically analyzed along with a designed model.
Epitaxial array of PEG-b-PSLG eopolymers on HOPG. Watanabe andcoworkers investigated the 2D self-assembly of poly(γ-L-glutamates) with longn-alkyl side chains on graphite, and demonstrated their epitaxial array phenomena byAFM. PEG-b-PSLG di- and triblock copolymers exhibited the epitaxial array onHOPG guided by the interaction of PSLG and HOPG too, with PEG aggregatedsurround or above the parallel aligned PSLG. There is no distinct difference between2D array with variance of sample concentrations, while the 2D aggregates shapes onthe HOPG surface changing from submonolayer island into monolayer with theincreasing of sample concentration. There should be nanorods or ring-shapedaggregates on the monolayer of copolymer with even higher solution concentration.Sample preparing methods, such as castingor spin coating, carried out no diverse on2D array of copolymers on HOPG. A model of PEG-b-PSLG epitaxial array onHOPG was designed on the bases of our experiments.
Investigation of copolypeptide organogel. A Novel copolypeptide(poly(γ-stearyl L-glutamate)-b- poly(γ,-benzyl L-glutamate)) (PSLG-b-PBLG) has beensynthesized, and it could 1D self-assemble into thermal reversible organogel intoluene. There is some visual diverse of those gels, for example, both the gels ofPBLG/toluene and PSLG/dodecane were opacity, while the PSLG-b-PBLG/tolueneexhibited transparency. PSLG-b-PBLG/toluene gel demonstrated fibrilla structureunder investigation of AFM, TEM, and SAXS. Nanoribbon structure was found withdrop-casting PSLG-b-PBLG/toluene (0.2 wt %) solution on mica by AFM observation.Nanoribbon-like model of PSLG-b-PBLG/toluene gel was proposed by all of theresults ofAFM, TEM, and SAXS.
含聚多肽与PEG嵌段共聚物的合成。我们的合成主要是围绕着含PSLG嵌段共聚物为中心展开，同时，将PEG这一独特的亲水性及生物相容性嵌段引入共聚物中，组合成新的嵌段共聚物，为以后的性能研究做好铺垫。在聚多肽与PEG嵌段共聚物的合成中，我们从羟基PEG出发，首先将PEG端氨基化，然后利用氨基酸的NCA开环反应合成PEG与PSLG的嵌段共聚物，同时探讨了一次性合成含PEG与聚氨基酸类胶束的路线。
PEG-b-PSLG嵌段共聚物在溶液中自组装研究。两亲性嵌段共聚物在溶液中的自组装是高分子物理研究的一个课题，近年来人们合成了许多两亲性嵌段共聚物并探讨了其自组装的机理。在这一方面Eisenberg等人作了许多杰出的研究工作。已经有很多人研究过PEG与PBLG嵌段共聚物在液体表面的二维与在溶液中的三维自组装。我们研究主要针对在溶液中PEG-b-PSLG嵌段共聚物的三维自组装。我们采用TEM，SEM，和DLS等方法研究了其在混合溶剂中的自组装，发现PEG与PBLG嵌段共聚物在有机混合溶剂中能够自组装成囊泡状结构，分析了其自组装形貌与机理的关系。
PEG-b-PSLG嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的自组装。Watanabe等人研究了聚谷氨酸烷烃酯类在HOPG表面上的二维自组装，发现了HOPG的晶向附生长对聚谷氨酸烷烃酯类二维自组装的诱导作用。我们主要采用AFM对PEG与PSLG嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的二维自组装进行了系统地研究。研究表明，嵌段共聚物中的PSLG嵌段首先在HOPG上进行取向附生排列，PEG则在其周围与上方排列堆积。制样浓度对嵌段共聚物在表面上的二维自组装没有本质上的影响，但浓度的增加导致了嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的二维组装由岛状排列逐渐到形成单分子层。浓度继续增加时，嵌段共聚物在单分子层表面上将会形成纳米棒状和圆环状结构。制样方法，如：旋涂和滴膜，对嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上的自组装并没有本质的影响。根据试验结果，我们设计了嵌段共聚物在HOPG表面上二维自组装的模型。
聚氨基酸嵌段共聚物凝胶的研究。我们合成了新的聚谷氨酸十八醇酯与聚谷氨酸苄酯的嵌段共聚物(PSLG-b-PBLG)，研究了其在甲苯中形成凝胶的一维自组装现象与机理。通过AFM，TEM，和SAXS的研究与分析，我们发现PSLG-b-PBLG在甲苯中形成热可逆凝胶，其凝胶的外观特征与PBLG和PSLG有颜色上的区别。通过改变PSLG-b-PBLG的浓度制备凝胶并进行AFM观察发现凝胶有形成丝带装形貌的特征。将AFM，TEM，和SAXS的结果进行比较分析，我们认为PSLG-b-PBLG在甲苯中的凝胶是一种丝带状的结构。
As one of the basic components of protein and life, peptide has attracted muchattention in recent years. In this thesis we focused on the synthesis of a series ofglutamate polypeptides based copolymers, as well as the properties of polypeptidessynthesized and the effect of secondary structure of polypeptide on the properties ofcopolymers. We described here the relation between secondary structures ofpolypeptides and 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional self-assembly properties ofcopolymers. The self-assembly character of polyglutamate based copolymers wassystematically studied by direct visualization methods such as AFM, TEM, and SEM.Model analysis was proposed on any self-assembly phenomena observed, and therelation between properties and copolymers was clearly expressed. The main contentof this thesis is listed as below:
Synthesis polypeptide based eopolymers. A series of poly(γ-stearyl L-glutamate)(PSLG) based copolymers was synthesized by ring-open polymerization of aminoacid NCA, which was initiated by hydrophilic polymer such as amine terminated PEG.Some specific properties would be found derived from these novel molecularstructures of PSLG-b-PEG copolymers. The amine terminated PEG was synthesizedfrom hydroxyl PEG by tosylation and the classic phthalimide-hydrazine procedure.We studied the micellization of PSLG-b-PEG contained copolymers by in-situsynthesis method also.
Self-assembly of PEG-b-PSLG eopolymers in solvents. The self-assembly ofamphiphilic copolymers is one of the attractive topic of macromolecular physics. Aseries of studies on the synthesis and property of amphiphilic copolymers were carriedout these years, and great works have been done by Eisenberg's group on this area. Ithas been extensively investigated about 2D self-assembly on the surface of solventand 3D self-aggregate in solutions of PEG-b-PBLG these years. We focused ourinvestigation on the 3D self-aggregation of PEG-b-PSLG di-and triblock copolymersby TEM, SEM, and DLS etc. Vesicular like aggregates of PEG-b-PSLG were found in organic mixed solvents, and the self-assembly mechanism of PEG-b-PSLG wassystematically analyzed along with a designed model.
Epitaxial array of PEG-b-PSLG eopolymers on HOPG. Watanabe andcoworkers investigated the 2D self-assembly of poly(γ-L-glutamates) with longn-alkyl side chains on graphite, and demonstrated their epitaxial array phenomena byAFM. PEG-b-PSLG di- and triblock copolymers exhibited the epitaxial array onHOPG guided by the interaction of PSLG and HOPG too, with PEG aggregatedsurround or above the parallel aligned PSLG. There is no distinct difference between2D array with variance of sample concentrations, while the 2D aggregates shapes onthe HOPG surface changing from submonolayer island into monolayer with theincreasing of sample concentration. There should be nanorods or ring-shapedaggregates on the monolayer of copolymer with even higher solution concentration.Sample preparing methods, such as castingor spin coating, carried out no diverse on2D array of copolymers on HOPG. A model of PEG-b-PSLG epitaxial array onHOPG was designed on the bases of our experiments.
Investigation of copolypeptide organogel. A Novel copolypeptide(poly(γ-stearyl L-glutamate)-b- poly(γ,-benzyl L-glutamate)) (PSLG-b-PBLG) has beensynthesized, and it could 1D self-assemble into thermal reversible organogel intoluene. There is some visual diverse of those gels, for example, both the gels ofPBLG/toluene and PSLG/dodecane were opacity, while the PSLG-b-PBLG/tolueneexhibited transparency. PSLG-b-PBLG/toluene gel demonstrated fibrilla structureunder investigation of AFM, TEM, and SAXS. Nanoribbon structure was found withdrop-casting PSLG-b-PBLG/toluene (0.2 wt %) solution on mica by AFM observation.Nanoribbon-like model of PSLG-b-PBLG/toluene gel was proposed by all of theresults ofAFM, TEM, and SAXS.
引文
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