农林复合系统中两个树种化感作用的研究
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摘要
农林复合生态系统是一种经济、高效、可持续的土地利用方式,发展农林复合生态系统具有重要的经济、社会、生态效益。本试验主要通过生物测定,研究不同浓度杜仲叶和元宝枫叶水提液对三种受体作物大豆、绿豆和辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用;通过盆栽试验,采取不同浓度两种树叶水提液处理下三种受体作物相同生长期叶片并进行保护性酶即超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,可溶性蛋白含量和膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量测定;探讨农林复合最佳模式。主要结论如下:
杜仲叶水提液中含有植物生长抑制物质,对三种受体作物的种子萌发及幼苗生长有不同的抑制作用且不同浓度的水提液化感效应各异。杜仲叶水提液对大豆萌发及根生长表现为浓度双重效应但不显著;对绿豆幼苗生长以及对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用表现为浓度依赖型即随浓度的增加而增大;对植物的不同器官作用存在差异,对地上部分的抑制作用强于对地下的抑制作用。
元宝枫叶水提液对大豆和绿豆种子的萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用;对辣椒种子的萌发、株高、根长及幼苗鲜重的抑制作用与处理液浓度呈正相关,均达到显著水平,然而在更低浓度下(小于0.05g/ml)元宝枫叶水提液对辣椒是否还表现为抑制作用还需要进一步进行研究;植物的不同器官对元宝枫叶化感作用的敏感程度不一样,地上部较地下部敏感。
不同浓度的杜仲叶水提液对受体作物不同生理指标化感作用各异。三种受体作物的SOD活性均高于对照;除辣椒外其余两种作物的POD活性都高于对照;高浓度(0.1 g/ml)水提液降低了辣椒的POD活性,却对辣椒CAT表现为浓度双重效应;大豆和辣椒MDA活性增高较多,说明膜系统损伤程度大;大豆和绿豆苗期的可溶性蛋白含量较对照增高,而高浓度水提液却降低了辣椒的可溶性蛋白含量。元宝枫叶水提液使大豆的SOD、POD活性较对照增高;提高了绿豆的POD活性;对绿豆的CAT活性表现出浓度双重效应,使辣椒的CAT活性增高;对三种受体作物的MDA含量没有提高作用,即没有对膜系统造成损伤,并使三种受体作物果期的可溶性蛋白含量增加。
综合考虑以上情况,杜仲-绿豆、元宝枫-大豆和元宝枫-绿豆间作是比较好的三种农林复合模式。
Agroforestry ecosystem is an economical, efficient and sustainable land use pattern, which has important economical, social and ecological benefits. In this study, biological testing method was adopted to measure allelopathy effects of aqueous extracts of Eucommia ulmoides and Acer truncatum leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of different crops. Moreover, activities of protective enzyme(SOD, POD, CAT), soluble protein content and membrane lipid peroxidation product MDA of leaves taken from crops watering by different concentrations of aqueous extracts of the two kinds leaves during the same growth period, were determined to probe into the best model of agroforestry. The conclusions are as follows:
Aqueous extract of E. ulmoides inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of the three crops. Different concentrations of the aqueous extracts had various effects. The allelopathy showed dual effects on soybean germination and root growth, but not significant. As the aqueous extracts concentration increased, the inhibition effects enhanced, especially on mung bean seedlings growth as well as pepper seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, it had different effects on different organs of plant, and the plant height was more easily affected compared to the root length.
Aqueous extracts of A. truncatum promoted the seed germination and seedling growth of soybean and mung bean. The inhibition rate were depended on the concentration of the extracts and increased significantly with the concentration of the extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of hot pepper. But whether a lower concentration of the extracts(less than 0.05g/ml) showed inhibiting effects or not needed a further research. Sensitivity of different organs to the allelopathy of A. truncatum was different, and the plant height was more easily affected compared to the root length.
Physiological indicators of the three crops were significantly different under different concentrations of water extracts of E. ulmoides leaves. SOD activity of three kinds of receptors was higher than that of control; except pepper, low-concentration of aqueous extracts increased the POD activity of other two crops; high concentration (0.1 g / ml) of water extracts reduced the POD activity of pepper but showed dual effects on the CAT activity of pepper; the MDA content of soybean and pepper was significantly increased compared to the control, indicating the injury to the membrane system was great; it promoted soluble protein content in seedling growth of soybean and mung bean but the high concentration of extracts could reduced soluble protein content of pepper. Aqueous extracts of A. truncatum could make SOD, POD activity of soybeans and POD activity of mung bean increased compared with the control; it promoted the CAT activity of pepper but showed dual effects on that of mung bean; the MDA content of three kinds of receptors was almost the same as that of control, that means aqueous extracts of A. truncatum didn’t do damage to the membrane system; it made soluble protein content of the three kinds of receptors increased in fruit period.
Considering the facts above, it is suggested that intercropping models of E. ulmoides-mung bean, A. truncatum -soybean, and A. truncatum- mung bean were better.
杜仲叶水提液中含有植物生长抑制物质,对三种受体作物的种子萌发及幼苗生长有不同的抑制作用且不同浓度的水提液化感效应各异。杜仲叶水提液对大豆萌发及根生长表现为浓度双重效应但不显著;对绿豆幼苗生长以及对辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用表现为浓度依赖型即随浓度的增加而增大;对植物的不同器官作用存在差异,对地上部分的抑制作用强于对地下的抑制作用。
元宝枫叶水提液对大豆和绿豆种子的萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用;对辣椒种子的萌发、株高、根长及幼苗鲜重的抑制作用与处理液浓度呈正相关,均达到显著水平,然而在更低浓度下(小于0.05g/ml)元宝枫叶水提液对辣椒是否还表现为抑制作用还需要进一步进行研究;植物的不同器官对元宝枫叶化感作用的敏感程度不一样,地上部较地下部敏感。
不同浓度的杜仲叶水提液对受体作物不同生理指标化感作用各异。三种受体作物的SOD活性均高于对照;除辣椒外其余两种作物的POD活性都高于对照;高浓度(0.1 g/ml)水提液降低了辣椒的POD活性,却对辣椒CAT表现为浓度双重效应;大豆和辣椒MDA活性增高较多,说明膜系统损伤程度大;大豆和绿豆苗期的可溶性蛋白含量较对照增高,而高浓度水提液却降低了辣椒的可溶性蛋白含量。元宝枫叶水提液使大豆的SOD、POD活性较对照增高;提高了绿豆的POD活性;对绿豆的CAT活性表现出浓度双重效应,使辣椒的CAT活性增高;对三种受体作物的MDA含量没有提高作用,即没有对膜系统造成损伤,并使三种受体作物果期的可溶性蛋白含量增加。
综合考虑以上情况,杜仲-绿豆、元宝枫-大豆和元宝枫-绿豆间作是比较好的三种农林复合模式。
Agroforestry ecosystem is an economical, efficient and sustainable land use pattern, which has important economical, social and ecological benefits. In this study, biological testing method was adopted to measure allelopathy effects of aqueous extracts of Eucommia ulmoides and Acer truncatum leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of different crops. Moreover, activities of protective enzyme(SOD, POD, CAT), soluble protein content and membrane lipid peroxidation product MDA of leaves taken from crops watering by different concentrations of aqueous extracts of the two kinds leaves during the same growth period, were determined to probe into the best model of agroforestry. The conclusions are as follows:
Aqueous extract of E. ulmoides inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of the three crops. Different concentrations of the aqueous extracts had various effects. The allelopathy showed dual effects on soybean germination and root growth, but not significant. As the aqueous extracts concentration increased, the inhibition effects enhanced, especially on mung bean seedlings growth as well as pepper seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, it had different effects on different organs of plant, and the plant height was more easily affected compared to the root length.
Aqueous extracts of A. truncatum promoted the seed germination and seedling growth of soybean and mung bean. The inhibition rate were depended on the concentration of the extracts and increased significantly with the concentration of the extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of hot pepper. But whether a lower concentration of the extracts(less than 0.05g/ml) showed inhibiting effects or not needed a further research. Sensitivity of different organs to the allelopathy of A. truncatum was different, and the plant height was more easily affected compared to the root length.
Physiological indicators of the three crops were significantly different under different concentrations of water extracts of E. ulmoides leaves. SOD activity of three kinds of receptors was higher than that of control; except pepper, low-concentration of aqueous extracts increased the POD activity of other two crops; high concentration (0.1 g / ml) of water extracts reduced the POD activity of pepper but showed dual effects on the CAT activity of pepper; the MDA content of soybean and pepper was significantly increased compared to the control, indicating the injury to the membrane system was great; it promoted soluble protein content in seedling growth of soybean and mung bean but the high concentration of extracts could reduced soluble protein content of pepper. Aqueous extracts of A. truncatum could make SOD, POD activity of soybeans and POD activity of mung bean increased compared with the control; it promoted the CAT activity of pepper but showed dual effects on that of mung bean; the MDA content of three kinds of receptors was almost the same as that of control, that means aqueous extracts of A. truncatum didn’t do damage to the membrane system; it made soluble protein content of the three kinds of receptors increased in fruit period.
Considering the facts above, it is suggested that intercropping models of E. ulmoides-mung bean, A. truncatum -soybean, and A. truncatum- mung bean were better.
引文
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