运动训练对肥胖青年男性有氧运动后过量氧耗的影响
摘要
肥胖已成为一种流行性疾病严重危害人类的健康,防肥减肥势在必行。能量输入和输出的不平衡是导致肥胖的重要原因,运动是增加能量消耗的一种重要方式,因此,运动减肥以其安全、可行、有效的优点越来越受到人们的青睐。大量研究表明,运动不仅可以增加运动时能量消耗,运动结束后机体仍然可以维持较高的静息代谢率,增加安静时的能量消耗。运动后过量氧耗(EPOC),指体力运动后恢复期超过安静状态耗氧量水平的额外耗氧量。越来越多的研究表明对于运动总能量消耗来说,EPOC占有较大的比例,其主要部分用来脂肪氧化,所以对EPOC在控制体重方面的研究是非常有意义的。运动训练不仅可以增强心肺适能,改善循环、呼吸和消化系统的机能状况,还可以提高抗病能力,增强有机体的适应能力,是增强体质的最积极、有效的手段之一。同时可以使脂肪的利用比率增加,有效的控制体重和体脂百分比(Fat%),特别是中低强度、长时间系统的有氧运动。那么运动训练对肥胖者EPOC有何影响?目前未见相关报道。
研究目的:本研究旨在通过对有无运动训练的肥胖者和正常体成分者三组受试者进行60%VO2max运动强度,持续运动40分钟的有氧功率车运动,观察其在运动过程中,以及运动结束后恢复期相关生理代谢指标的变化,分析运动训练对肥胖青年男性EPOC的影响,初步探讨其可能机制。其研究成果将为从运动后能量消耗的角度分析运动训练对肥胖青年男性的运动减肥效果开拓新的思路,为指导减肥运动处方的制订及实施提供理论依据。
研究方法:本研究对象为无运动训练史肥胖青年男性(F组)、一年以上运动训练史肥胖青年男性(YF组)及正常体成分青年男性(C组)各10名,运动方式为40分钟60%VO2max运动强度功率车运动。主要监测指标有EPOC总量及持续时间、心率(HR)、血压(BP)、主观体力感觉(RPE)、呼吸商(RQ)、血脂三项、血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、血清皮质醇(C)等。
研究结果:①F组甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)值超出正常范围,而YF组TG、VLDL值超出正常范围,F组TG、VLDL略高于YF组,但无统计学意义。安静状态下,F组的HR(P<0.05)、收缩压(P<0.05)和舒张压(P<0.05)都显著高于YF组,且F组动脉血压已达到准高血压范围;F组肺活量指数、VO2max相对值显著低于YF组(P<0.001)。提示,肥胖者由于脂肪积累过多而使血脂出现一定程度的异常,心血管功能、心肺功能及有氧工作能力有一定程度降低;而运动训练在一定程度上改善了肥胖者血脂异常现象,降低心血管疾病的发病风险,使心肺功能及有氧工作能力都有一定程度的提高。
②在控制饮食情况下F组与YF组安静RQ值显著高于C组(P<0.05),F组与YF组没有显著差异,提示,肥胖受试者安静状态下脂肪代谢供能所占比例降低。YF组基础代谢率(BMR)相对值显著高于F组(P<0.05),提示,脂肪积累过多可导致机体基础能耗量下降,通过运动训练可提高基础能耗量。
③运动过程中,三组受试者HR变化趋势保持一致,YF组从运动20至40分钟显著低于C组(P<0.05)。整个运动后恢复过程HR恢复时间YF组显著短于F组(P<0.001)。提示,F组由于脂肪积累过多,使心血管系统运动后恢复能力下降;运动训练可提高肥胖者心血管系统运动后恢复能力。运动过程中F组RPE显著高于YF组,提示,脂肪堆积过多使肥胖者体能下降,在运动中更容易感到疲劳,运动训练能够改善体能,使机体较快地适应运动刺激,感到轻松。
④EPOC持续时间、总量、EPOC总量相对值、运动后过量能耗,F组显著低于C组及YF组(P<0.001),YF组显著低于C组(P<0.001)。EPOC总量占总运动净耗氧量百分比C组显著高于其它两组(P<0.001),YF组略高于F组,但无统计学意义。运动净能耗量YF组显著高于C组和F组(P<0.05)。提示,肥胖者运动后机体代谢水平较低,通过运动训练能够增强肥胖者运动后机体代谢水平,使运动后耗能增加。主要结论:1.运动训练的益处不仅表现在改善肥胖青年男性的心肺功能,提高有氧运动能力,使其在以60%VO2max运动强度(相同生理负荷强度)功率车运动时,完成更多的外功,运动实际总耗氧量增多;而且还使EPOC总量增多,持续时间延长,促进了运动后恢复期脂肪的代谢,有利于每次运动后恢复期的脂肪消耗。2.建议肥胖青年男性在可承受的运动强度范围内健身运动时,做功量越大、耗氧量越多,越有利于运动后安静时脂肪的消耗。因此,在运动减肥实践中,应将EPOC因素考虑在内,通过坚持不懈的健身运动,提高EPOC达到更好的运动减肥效果。
Obesity has become an epidemic disease, which seriously endanger the human health, and it is imperative to prevent it. The imbalance of energy input and output is an important factor, while exercise is an effective way to increase the energy consumption, therefore, with its security, feasibility and effectiveness, losing weight by taking exercise is favored by people of all ages. A great number of studies show that exercise can not only increase energy consumption, but also maintain higher body RMR and increase resting energy consumption. EPOC, that is the extra oxygen consumption, which refers to physical recovery after exercise, more than resting period. More and more studies show that EPOC accounts for a large proportion of the total exercise energy consumption and mainly used to fat oxidation, so it is significant to study EPOC role in weight control. Sport training is one of the most effective methods which can not only have a positive effect on the cardiopulmonary, circulatory respiratory and digestive system, but also can increase the ratio of fat using and control the weight and fat percentage (Fat%)effectively, especially in the low-intensity, long-time aerobic exercise. What impact does sport training have on the obesity? So far there has no relevant report.
Purpose: By analyzing the related physiological and metabolic indicators of non-exercise experience obesity groups and the normal ones, whose exercise mode is 60%VO2max intensity, 40 minutes aerobic power exercise, the purpose of this study is to discuss the sport training's impact on the EPOC of young obesity men and explore its possible mechanism. And the result, from the point of energy consumption after exercise, may provide a pioneer way in slimming effect on young obesity men and also provide its theoretical basis for the exercise prescription.
Methods: The study object divides into three groups, that is no-training experience obese young men(Group F), more than one year training obese young men (Group YF), and normal body composition young men (Group C). Each group has 10 numbers, and the exercise mode is 60%VO2max intensity, 40 minutes of aerobic power movement. The main monitoring indicators include the total EPOC and its duration time, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), respiratory quotient (RQ), three blood lipids, serum free fatty acid (FFA), serum cortisol (C )and so on.
Results:①For the Group F, the values of trigalloyl glycerol (TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) exceed the normal scope, while for the Group YF, the values of TG, VLDL are also exceed the normal range. Compared the two groups, the values of Group F are higher, however, there is no statistical significance. During the resting state, for the values of HR(P<0.05)、systolic blood pressure (P<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05), Group F are obviously higher than the Group YF. At the same time, Group F has reached quasi-arterial blood pressure hypertension; and for the FVC index, VO2max relative value, Group F are significantly lower than Group YF (P<0.001). The above discussed indicates that due to fat accumulation, the obesity are easy to the lipid abnormalities, also a certain reduce of cardiovascular, heart and lung function and aerobic capacity, while taking sport training can improve lipid abnormalities, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and have an active role on the heart and lung function and aerobic capacity to some extent.
②During the diet control circumstances, the values of resting RQ of Group F and Group YF are obviously higher than Group C (P<0.05), while there is no obvious difference in the two former groups. The above information indicates that in the resting state, the proportion of obese subjects' energy supply of fat metabolism is lower. Furthermore,for the relative values of basic metabolic rate (BMR) , Group YF is significantly higher than that in Group F (P<0.05), which indicates excessive fat accumulation may lead to a decline of body basic power consumption, however, taking sport training can prevent it.
③In this study, during the Sport training, the three groups' are consistent in the movement trend of HR value, however, during 20 to 40 minutes, for the value of HR, Group YF is significantly lower than that in Group C (P<0.05). Therefore, for the HR recovery time, Group YF is significantly shorter in Group F (P<0.001) During the whole recovery process after exercise. The above indicates that due to the excessive fat accumulation, recovery of cardiovascular system decreases in Group F, while by taking sport training, the obesity can increase their cardiovascular function. What's more, during the sport training, for the values of RPE, Group F is obviously higher than that in Group YF, which indicates that excessive fat accumulation may lead to physical decline and fatigue, while through sport training, the obesity can improve physical fitness, quickly adapt to exercise stimulation and feel comfortable.
④For the values of EPOC duration, volume, the relative value of total EPOC, and excessive energy consumption after exercise, Group F is significantly lower than Group C and YF (P<0.001), and compared with the latter groups, Group YF is lower (P<0.001).
What's more, for the percentage of EPOC’s amount in net oxygen consumption, Group C is significantly higher than that of Group F and YF (P<0.001), and of the latter, Group YF is slightly higher, but there is no statistic significance. And for the value of net energy consumption, Group YF is obviously higher than that of Group F and C (P<0.05),which indicates that, after sport training, their metabolism maintain at a low level. Therefore, by taking sport training, the obesity can enhance their metabolism and energy consumption. Conclusion: 1.The benefits of sport training not only improve cardio-pulmonary function of obese young men but also increase their aerobic capacity, which resuit in increasing their amount of workand the oxygen consumption by doing aerobic power exercise at 60%VO2max intensity(the same physilogical load). Further, it can raise the total amount of EPOC and its time duration which may promote fat metabolism and consumption after exercise. 2. It is advisable for the obese young men, within the acceptable scope of exercise intensity, to do sport training. The more oxygen consume, the greater work does, which will accelerate fat consumption during the resting state. To reach to the desired results, the obese young men should take the factor of EPOC into consideration, which may lead to enhancement of EPOC, and make unremitting efforts to participate in physical exersice.
研究目的:本研究旨在通过对有无运动训练的肥胖者和正常体成分者三组受试者进行60%VO2max运动强度,持续运动40分钟的有氧功率车运动,观察其在运动过程中,以及运动结束后恢复期相关生理代谢指标的变化,分析运动训练对肥胖青年男性EPOC的影响,初步探讨其可能机制。其研究成果将为从运动后能量消耗的角度分析运动训练对肥胖青年男性的运动减肥效果开拓新的思路,为指导减肥运动处方的制订及实施提供理论依据。
研究方法:本研究对象为无运动训练史肥胖青年男性(F组)、一年以上运动训练史肥胖青年男性(YF组)及正常体成分青年男性(C组)各10名,运动方式为40分钟60%VO2max运动强度功率车运动。主要监测指标有EPOC总量及持续时间、心率(HR)、血压(BP)、主观体力感觉(RPE)、呼吸商(RQ)、血脂三项、血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)、血清皮质醇(C)等。
研究结果:①F组甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)值超出正常范围,而YF组TG、VLDL值超出正常范围,F组TG、VLDL略高于YF组,但无统计学意义。安静状态下,F组的HR(P<0.05)、收缩压(P<0.05)和舒张压(P<0.05)都显著高于YF组,且F组动脉血压已达到准高血压范围;F组肺活量指数、VO2max相对值显著低于YF组(P<0.001)。提示,肥胖者由于脂肪积累过多而使血脂出现一定程度的异常,心血管功能、心肺功能及有氧工作能力有一定程度降低;而运动训练在一定程度上改善了肥胖者血脂异常现象,降低心血管疾病的发病风险,使心肺功能及有氧工作能力都有一定程度的提高。
②在控制饮食情况下F组与YF组安静RQ值显著高于C组(P<0.05),F组与YF组没有显著差异,提示,肥胖受试者安静状态下脂肪代谢供能所占比例降低。YF组基础代谢率(BMR)相对值显著高于F组(P<0.05),提示,脂肪积累过多可导致机体基础能耗量下降,通过运动训练可提高基础能耗量。
③运动过程中,三组受试者HR变化趋势保持一致,YF组从运动20至40分钟显著低于C组(P<0.05)。整个运动后恢复过程HR恢复时间YF组显著短于F组(P<0.001)。提示,F组由于脂肪积累过多,使心血管系统运动后恢复能力下降;运动训练可提高肥胖者心血管系统运动后恢复能力。运动过程中F组RPE显著高于YF组,提示,脂肪堆积过多使肥胖者体能下降,在运动中更容易感到疲劳,运动训练能够改善体能,使机体较快地适应运动刺激,感到轻松。
④EPOC持续时间、总量、EPOC总量相对值、运动后过量能耗,F组显著低于C组及YF组(P<0.001),YF组显著低于C组(P<0.001)。EPOC总量占总运动净耗氧量百分比C组显著高于其它两组(P<0.001),YF组略高于F组,但无统计学意义。运动净能耗量YF组显著高于C组和F组(P<0.05)。提示,肥胖者运动后机体代谢水平较低,通过运动训练能够增强肥胖者运动后机体代谢水平,使运动后耗能增加。主要结论:1.运动训练的益处不仅表现在改善肥胖青年男性的心肺功能,提高有氧运动能力,使其在以60%VO2max运动强度(相同生理负荷强度)功率车运动时,完成更多的外功,运动实际总耗氧量增多;而且还使EPOC总量增多,持续时间延长,促进了运动后恢复期脂肪的代谢,有利于每次运动后恢复期的脂肪消耗。2.建议肥胖青年男性在可承受的运动强度范围内健身运动时,做功量越大、耗氧量越多,越有利于运动后安静时脂肪的消耗。因此,在运动减肥实践中,应将EPOC因素考虑在内,通过坚持不懈的健身运动,提高EPOC达到更好的运动减肥效果。
Obesity has become an epidemic disease, which seriously endanger the human health, and it is imperative to prevent it. The imbalance of energy input and output is an important factor, while exercise is an effective way to increase the energy consumption, therefore, with its security, feasibility and effectiveness, losing weight by taking exercise is favored by people of all ages. A great number of studies show that exercise can not only increase energy consumption, but also maintain higher body RMR and increase resting energy consumption. EPOC, that is the extra oxygen consumption, which refers to physical recovery after exercise, more than resting period. More and more studies show that EPOC accounts for a large proportion of the total exercise energy consumption and mainly used to fat oxidation, so it is significant to study EPOC role in weight control. Sport training is one of the most effective methods which can not only have a positive effect on the cardiopulmonary, circulatory respiratory and digestive system, but also can increase the ratio of fat using and control the weight and fat percentage (Fat%)effectively, especially in the low-intensity, long-time aerobic exercise. What impact does sport training have on the obesity? So far there has no relevant report.
Purpose: By analyzing the related physiological and metabolic indicators of non-exercise experience obesity groups and the normal ones, whose exercise mode is 60%VO2max intensity, 40 minutes aerobic power exercise, the purpose of this study is to discuss the sport training's impact on the EPOC of young obesity men and explore its possible mechanism. And the result, from the point of energy consumption after exercise, may provide a pioneer way in slimming effect on young obesity men and also provide its theoretical basis for the exercise prescription.
Methods: The study object divides into three groups, that is no-training experience obese young men(Group F), more than one year training obese young men (Group YF), and normal body composition young men (Group C). Each group has 10 numbers, and the exercise mode is 60%VO2max intensity, 40 minutes of aerobic power movement. The main monitoring indicators include the total EPOC and its duration time, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), respiratory quotient (RQ), three blood lipids, serum free fatty acid (FFA), serum cortisol (C )and so on.
Results:①For the Group F, the values of trigalloyl glycerol (TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) exceed the normal scope, while for the Group YF, the values of TG, VLDL are also exceed the normal range. Compared the two groups, the values of Group F are higher, however, there is no statistical significance. During the resting state, for the values of HR(P<0.05)、systolic blood pressure (P<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05), Group F are obviously higher than the Group YF. At the same time, Group F has reached quasi-arterial blood pressure hypertension; and for the FVC index, VO2max relative value, Group F are significantly lower than Group YF (P<0.001). The above discussed indicates that due to fat accumulation, the obesity are easy to the lipid abnormalities, also a certain reduce of cardiovascular, heart and lung function and aerobic capacity, while taking sport training can improve lipid abnormalities, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and have an active role on the heart and lung function and aerobic capacity to some extent.
②During the diet control circumstances, the values of resting RQ of Group F and Group YF are obviously higher than Group C (P<0.05), while there is no obvious difference in the two former groups. The above information indicates that in the resting state, the proportion of obese subjects' energy supply of fat metabolism is lower. Furthermore,for the relative values of basic metabolic rate (BMR) , Group YF is significantly higher than that in Group F (P<0.05), which indicates excessive fat accumulation may lead to a decline of body basic power consumption, however, taking sport training can prevent it.
③In this study, during the Sport training, the three groups' are consistent in the movement trend of HR value, however, during 20 to 40 minutes, for the value of HR, Group YF is significantly lower than that in Group C (P<0.05). Therefore, for the HR recovery time, Group YF is significantly shorter in Group F (P<0.001) During the whole recovery process after exercise. The above indicates that due to the excessive fat accumulation, recovery of cardiovascular system decreases in Group F, while by taking sport training, the obesity can increase their cardiovascular function. What's more, during the sport training, for the values of RPE, Group F is obviously higher than that in Group YF, which indicates that excessive fat accumulation may lead to physical decline and fatigue, while through sport training, the obesity can improve physical fitness, quickly adapt to exercise stimulation and feel comfortable.
④For the values of EPOC duration, volume, the relative value of total EPOC, and excessive energy consumption after exercise, Group F is significantly lower than Group C and YF (P<0.001), and compared with the latter groups, Group YF is lower (P<0.001).
What's more, for the percentage of EPOC’s amount in net oxygen consumption, Group C is significantly higher than that of Group F and YF (P<0.001), and of the latter, Group YF is slightly higher, but there is no statistic significance. And for the value of net energy consumption, Group YF is obviously higher than that of Group F and C (P<0.05),which indicates that, after sport training, their metabolism maintain at a low level. Therefore, by taking sport training, the obesity can enhance their metabolism and energy consumption. Conclusion: 1.The benefits of sport training not only improve cardio-pulmonary function of obese young men but also increase their aerobic capacity, which resuit in increasing their amount of workand the oxygen consumption by doing aerobic power exercise at 60%VO2max intensity(the same physilogical load). Further, it can raise the total amount of EPOC and its time duration which may promote fat metabolism and consumption after exercise. 2. It is advisable for the obese young men, within the acceptable scope of exercise intensity, to do sport training. The more oxygen consume, the greater work does, which will accelerate fat consumption during the resting state. To reach to the desired results, the obese young men should take the factor of EPOC into consideration, which may lead to enhancement of EPOC, and make unremitting efforts to participate in physical exersice.
引文
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