曲面展开CAD系统设计与研究
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摘要
本文阐述了建立曲面展开计算机辅助绘图系统在现代生产中的作用与必要性。结合工程实际对曲面构件进行了分类，并通过分析建立了包括圆柱、圆锥、圆柱与圆柱相贯、圆锥与平面相贯等曲面构件的数学模型，确定了适当的展开方法，以AutoCAD2000为平台，以AutoLISP结合ActiveX对象为工具，进行二次开发，设计了曲面展开CAD系统，从而实现钣金件展开图的参数化绘图。该系统包括菜单、参数化绘图程序和DCL对话框设计，其中菜单采用图标菜单，并能和AutoCAD标准菜单进行切换；对话框主要采用图象控件、EDIT-Box编辑框和Radio button按钮；参数化绘图程序采用AutoLISP语言编制，每一种曲面构件展开单独编制一段程序。每一段绘图程序都由三个模块构成，第一模块为对话框管理和驱动程序并对对话框输入的参数进行回调；第二模块为计算程序，利用上面回调所得到的参数，再根据上面得出的计算公式，计算展开图上各点坐标；第三模块为绘图模块。
通过实践验证，本系统具有以下优点：展开图形参数化，图形生成速度快，展开图精度高；而且可以对随着钣金构件尺寸变化时的展开图图形进行分析。使用面广，可用于数控切割机，也可用于产品图纸设计中绘制放样图，标注尺寸，直接指导生产。
This paper deals with the role and the prerequisite of establishing the computer-aided drawing system by means of unfolding sheet metal in modern production. The sheet metal work pieces are first divided into several groups such as cylinder, cone and so on. Then, under considering the intersection of two cylinders or a cone and a plane, the mathematical models have been developed, and the corresponding unfolding methods have been determined. On the platform of AutoCAD, the system has been redeveloped by means of AutoLISP and ActiveX object, and the unfolding CAD system has been designed, which can realize the parametric drawing of the extension of sheet metal. The system includes the menu, the programs of parametric drawing and the DCL dialog box. The menu is designed by icons, which can be switched to the menu of AutoCAD. The dialog box include image and Edit-box and Radio-button. The program of parametric drawing is designed with AutoLISP. Each surface has its own program. Each program consists of the following three modules: The first one is the program of managing and driving the dialog box, which can adjust the input parameters of the dialog box; The second one is the calculating program, which can calculate the coordinates of the points in the unfolding drawing. The parameters used in the second module are obtained from the first module. The third module is drawing module.
The system developed in this paper has the following advantages: parametric drawing, high drawing speed, high accuracy of unfolding drawing, Analyze the unfolding drawing of sheet metal when dimension has been changed, wide application. So it can be used in CNC cutting machine and guide the production directly.
通过实践验证，本系统具有以下优点：展开图形参数化，图形生成速度快，展开图精度高；而且可以对随着钣金构件尺寸变化时的展开图图形进行分析。使用面广，可用于数控切割机，也可用于产品图纸设计中绘制放样图，标注尺寸，直接指导生产。
This paper deals with the role and the prerequisite of establishing the computer-aided drawing system by means of unfolding sheet metal in modern production. The sheet metal work pieces are first divided into several groups such as cylinder, cone and so on. Then, under considering the intersection of two cylinders or a cone and a plane, the mathematical models have been developed, and the corresponding unfolding methods have been determined. On the platform of AutoCAD, the system has been redeveloped by means of AutoLISP and ActiveX object, and the unfolding CAD system has been designed, which can realize the parametric drawing of the extension of sheet metal. The system includes the menu, the programs of parametric drawing and the DCL dialog box. The menu is designed by icons, which can be switched to the menu of AutoCAD. The dialog box include image and Edit-box and Radio-button. The program of parametric drawing is designed with AutoLISP. Each surface has its own program. Each program consists of the following three modules: The first one is the program of managing and driving the dialog box, which can adjust the input parameters of the dialog box; The second one is the calculating program, which can calculate the coordinates of the points in the unfolding drawing. The parameters used in the second module are obtained from the first module. The third module is drawing module.
The system developed in this paper has the following advantages: parametric drawing, high drawing speed, high accuracy of unfolding drawing, Analyze the unfolding drawing of sheet metal when dimension has been changed, wide application. So it can be used in CNC cutting machine and guide the production directly.
引文
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[2] 刘子建等．计算机辅助设计CAD原理与应用技术．湖南大学出版社，长沙：1998
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[4] 俞杰等．面向产品创新设计的CAD方法综述．计算机辅助设计与图形学报，1999，11(2)：185-188
[5] Andy Dong ets. Managing design information in enterprise-wide CAD using smart drawing. Computer-Aided Design. 1998, 30(6): 425-435
[6] Wynne Hsu etc. Current research in the conceptual design of mechanical products. Computer-Aided Design 1998, 30(5):377-389.
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[8] Y. Ito, K.Nakahashi, Advancing Front Surface Triangulation Based on CAD data: in symposium on emerging technologies and factory automation, Sendai, Japan 755-758 14th - 2000 Oct.
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[11] R. Rajkumar, J. Graham, M.Rac. Curve and surface optimization within the CAD/CAM environment. Journal of Engineering Design 2002, 13(2): 121-139
[12] 杨进，可展曲面的计算机辅助下料．沈阳工业大学学报，2000，01：28-30
[13] 任碧波，基于AutoCAD的机械零件参数化图库的建立方法．云南民族学院学报：自然科学版，2001，11：556-557
[14] 袁晖等，飞机钣金件冲压模CAD系统的研究与开发．北京航空航天大学学报，2001，027(006)：717-720
[15] 孙正兴，张福炎．CAD中的逻辑结构造型方法研究．机械设计，1999：3(3)：1-4
[16] 于国清等．面向方案CAD软件初探．工程设计CAD与智能建筑，1999：3：16-18
[17] Liu, Q. An Approach to Parametric Drawing Based on AutoCAD International conference; In TX Engineering design graphics and descriptive geometry. Austin, 8th--1998 Jul
[18] Fromcis pahng. Etc. Distribution modeling and evaluation of product design problems. Computer-Aided Design. 1998, 30(6): 411-423
[19] K.A.White, J.K.Hill, C.G.Jensen, Curvature Matched Machining Methods Versus Commercial CAD Methods. In TX Engineering design graphics and descriptive geometry. Austin, 8th -- 1998 Jul
[20] AutoCAD 2000开发工具应用详解．清源计算机工作会．机械工业出版社2000，4
[21] 郭炎强，罗国富，AutoCAD二次开发中的对话框设计，郑州轻工业学院学报：自然科学版，2001，016(003)：12-14
[22] 张晓鑫，申闫春．基于ObjectARX的无模式标签对话框的实现，电脑编程技巧与维护，2001，000(07)：20-24
[23] 孙守强．AutoCAD中ObjectARX的ActiveX扩展技术，电脑编程技巧与维护，2001，003(002)：60-62
[24] 王欣，魏生民．ActiveX技术在工程图档中的应用，中国机械工程，2001，012(009)：1056-1059
[25] 王弘，王昌凌．基于物理模型的参数化曲面展开．华中理工大学学报．2000，28(3)：10-12
[26] 王心宇．工程曲面展开图CAD．现代计算机，1996，(5)：43-43
[27] 杨继新，刘健，肖正扬．可展面展开方法及其应用．大连理工大学学报，2001，05：25-27
[28] 翟洪绪，钣金属可计算法．机工出版社，2000．7
[29] 唐红梅，四通薄壁锥管的自动化．长沙铁道学院学报，2001，03：21-25
[30] 李红，天圆地方接头锥板曲面的展开探讨．绿洲技术，2001，(1)：15-16
[31] 王正茂．基于ObjectARX2000的图形参数化设计．计算机辅助设计与制造，2000，000(007)：72-73
[32] 谷芳等．双锥密封的参数化绘图．石油化工设备技术，2001，022(005)：41-42
[33] 刘文彦等．AutoCAD的菜单开发技术．现代机械，2001，000(004)：4-5
[34] 秦永 曹竣茹．空间管道立体图形的绘制．淄博学院学报：自然科学与工程版．2001，003(002)：60-62
[35] 周强．基于ActiveX对象模型树的参数化绘图技术的研究与应用．南京化工大学学报：自然科学版，2001，023(005)：83-86
[36] V.D. Holla, K.G. Shastry, B.G. Prakash. Offset of curves on tessellated surfaces. Computer-Aided Design, 1999, 32(6):242-246
[37] P.N. Azariadis, N.A. Aspragathos. Geodesic curvature preservation in surface flattening through constrained global optimization. Computer-Aided Design, 2001, 33(8) pp. 581-591
[38] Zheng, J.M. Chan, K.W. Gibson, A New Approach for Direct Manipulation of Free-Form Curve Computer Graphics Forum. 1998, 17(3):327-329
[39] Jae Yeol lee. etc. A feature-based approach to extracting machining features. Computer-Aided Design. 1998, 30(13):1019-1035
[40] Zone-Ching Lin; Jenn-Tsong Horng. Sheet metal products: database in support of their process planning and surface developmentInternational Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1998, 11(6):524-526
[41] 席平．三维曲面的几何展开．计算机学报，1997，20(4)：315-322
[42] 郭哲英，董平．直纹螺旋面的精确展开．大连轻工业学院学报，1996，15(1)：41-44
[43] 刘小健．不可展曲面的计算机展开方法研究．山东轻工业学院学报，1999，13(1)：38-40
[44] 张志伟．球内接谢有才三通接头的设计及其展开图的计算机绘制．工程图学学报，2001，04：13-15
[45] 唐荣锡．CAD／CAM技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．北京：1994
[2] 刘子建等．计算机辅助设计CAD原理与应用技术．湖南大学出版社，长沙：1998
[3] 童秉枢．现代CAD技术．清华大学出版社，北京：2000．7
[4] 俞杰等．面向产品创新设计的CAD方法综述．计算机辅助设计与图形学报，1999，11(2)：185-188
[5] Andy Dong ets. Managing design information in enterprise-wide CAD using smart drawing. Computer-Aided Design. 1998, 30(6): 425-435
[6] Wynne Hsu etc. Current research in the conceptual design of mechanical products. Computer-Aided Design 1998, 30(5):377-389.
[7] M.N.Mliki, D.E.Mennier. Dimensioning and Functional Tolerancing Aided by Computer in CAD/CAM Systems - Application to AUTOCAD System: in INRIA/IEEE symposium on emerging technologies and factory automation, Japan 1995.
[8] Y. Ito, K.Nakahashi, Advancing Front Surface Triangulation Based on CAD data: in symposium on emerging technologies and factory automation, Sendai, Japan 755-758 14th - 2000 Oct.
[9] G. Lei, G.Deng, J.Huang. AutoCAD 2000 VBA Development Environment and its Application in Reverse Engineering Computer aided design and computer graphics 928-930 2001.10.
[10] B.J. Siwek. Parametrical drawing within AUTOCAD system Ogolnopolska konferencja: Mielno, Poland in Polioptymalizacja i komputerowe wspomaganie projektowania 16—1998.
[11] R. Rajkumar, J. Graham, M.Rac. Curve and surface optimization within the CAD/CAM environment. Journal of Engineering Design 2002, 13(2): 121-139
[12] 杨进，可展曲面的计算机辅助下料．沈阳工业大学学报，2000，01：28-30
[13] 任碧波，基于AutoCAD的机械零件参数化图库的建立方法．云南民族学院学报：自然科学版，2001，11：556-557
[14] 袁晖等，飞机钣金件冲压模CAD系统的研究与开发．北京航空航天大学学报，2001，027(006)：717-720
[15] 孙正兴，张福炎．CAD中的逻辑结构造型方法研究．机械设计，1999：3(3)：1-4
[16] 于国清等．面向方案CAD软件初探．工程设计CAD与智能建筑，1999：3：16-18
[17] Liu, Q. An Approach to Parametric Drawing Based on AutoCAD International conference; In TX Engineering design graphics and descriptive geometry. Austin, 8th--1998 Jul
[18] Fromcis pahng. Etc. Distribution modeling and evaluation of product design problems. Computer-Aided Design. 1998, 30(6): 411-423
[19] K.A.White, J.K.Hill, C.G.Jensen, Curvature Matched Machining Methods Versus Commercial CAD Methods. In TX Engineering design graphics and descriptive geometry. Austin, 8th -- 1998 Jul
[20] AutoCAD 2000开发工具应用详解．清源计算机工作会．机械工业出版社2000，4
[21] 郭炎强，罗国富，AutoCAD二次开发中的对话框设计，郑州轻工业学院学报：自然科学版，2001，016(003)：12-14
[22] 张晓鑫，申闫春．基于ObjectARX的无模式标签对话框的实现，电脑编程技巧与维护，2001，000(07)：20-24
[23] 孙守强．AutoCAD中ObjectARX的ActiveX扩展技术，电脑编程技巧与维护，2001，003(002)：60-62
[24] 王欣，魏生民．ActiveX技术在工程图档中的应用，中国机械工程，2001，012(009)：1056-1059
[25] 王弘，王昌凌．基于物理模型的参数化曲面展开．华中理工大学学报．2000，28(3)：10-12
[26] 王心宇．工程曲面展开图CAD．现代计算机，1996，(5)：43-43
[27] 杨继新，刘健，肖正扬．可展面展开方法及其应用．大连理工大学学报，2001，05：25-27
[28] 翟洪绪，钣金属可计算法．机工出版社，2000．7
[29] 唐红梅，四通薄壁锥管的自动化．长沙铁道学院学报，2001，03：21-25
[30] 李红，天圆地方接头锥板曲面的展开探讨．绿洲技术，2001，(1)：15-16
[31] 王正茂．基于ObjectARX2000的图形参数化设计．计算机辅助设计与制造，2000，000(007)：72-73
[32] 谷芳等．双锥密封的参数化绘图．石油化工设备技术，2001，022(005)：41-42
[33] 刘文彦等．AutoCAD的菜单开发技术．现代机械，2001，000(004)：4-5
[34] 秦永 曹竣茹．空间管道立体图形的绘制．淄博学院学报：自然科学与工程版．2001，003(002)：60-62
[35] 周强．基于ActiveX对象模型树的参数化绘图技术的研究与应用．南京化工大学学报：自然科学版，2001，023(005)：83-86
[36] V.D. Holla, K.G. Shastry, B.G. Prakash. Offset of curves on tessellated surfaces. Computer-Aided Design, 1999, 32(6):242-246
[37] P.N. Azariadis, N.A. Aspragathos. Geodesic curvature preservation in surface flattening through constrained global optimization. Computer-Aided Design, 2001, 33(8) pp. 581-591
[38] Zheng, J.M. Chan, K.W. Gibson, A New Approach for Direct Manipulation of Free-Form Curve Computer Graphics Forum. 1998, 17(3):327-329
[39] Jae Yeol lee. etc. A feature-based approach to extracting machining features. Computer-Aided Design. 1998, 30(13):1019-1035
[40] Zone-Ching Lin; Jenn-Tsong Horng. Sheet metal products: database in support of their process planning and surface developmentInternational Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1998, 11(6):524-526
[41] 席平．三维曲面的几何展开．计算机学报，1997，20(4)：315-322
[42] 郭哲英，董平．直纹螺旋面的精确展开．大连轻工业学院学报，1996，15(1)：41-44
[43] 刘小健．不可展曲面的计算机展开方法研究．山东轻工业学院学报，1999，13(1)：38-40
[44] 张志伟．球内接谢有才三通接头的设计及其展开图的计算机绘制．工程图学学报，2001，04：13-15
[45] 唐荣锡．CAD／CAM技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．北京：1994