大连虚拟集装箱港口企业组建问题研究
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摘要
如今的航运市场受金融危机影响,还处于萧条阶段,港口之间为避免盲目竞争,应采取竞争与合作共存的方式来渡过难关。但是,由于港口地域上的区分,传统合作模式并不能适应市场快节奏的变化,港口之间有必要采用构建虚拟港口企业的方式暂时进行短期的合作,以实现港口的优势互补,能够更加动态的、灵活的来应对市场的变化,把握机遇,完善集疏运网络,提高自身服务水平,在行业竞争中处于优势地位。
虚拟港口企业是利用虚拟企业的概念来构建的,而关于虚拟企业的研究多是应用于生产制造业,对于港口领域研究甚少,港口业区别于其他产业,具有地域性强、投资大、数量较少的特点,建立虚拟港口企业需要针对港口行业的特性的进行研究,这说明非常有必要构造一套虚拟港口企业组建的模型体系,在此基础之上,来解决我国港口虚拟合作的问题。
因此,本文在大量阅读前人关于虚拟企业研究的基础上,致力于研究利用虚拟企业的概念来构建虚拟港口建设的模型体系。针对大连港的实际需求,经过实地考察,利用IDEF模型构建出一套虚拟集装箱港口企业组建的模型体系,针对大连港的具体现状与问题对其目标确定、合作伙伴选择、合作模式选择三个功能模块进行具体分析,由于合作模式选择是最重要的一个模块,本文利用SPSS软件对港口调查反馈数据进行统计分析,计算出大连港与其合作伙伴应采用的合作模式,最后提出了大连港运营虚拟集装箱港口企业过程中可以采取的措施。
As the financial crisis, the shipping market is still depressed. Seaports choose cooperation instead of blind competition, however, because of geographical distinction, the traditional modes of port cooperation cannot meet the fast-paced market changes. Seaports need to adopt a way of constructing virtual port enterprises temporarily to gain co-operation. Such virtual co-operation can help seaports to achieve the complementary strength of other partners, to be more dynamic and flexible to respond to market changes and also can help to seize opportunities, improve the transportation network, improve service levels, win a dominant position.
Virtual port enterprises are built in the use of the concept of virtual enterprise. But the research on virtual enterprises is mostly used in production manufacturing, very little research in the port field. Since the port industry is different from other industries, it is with strong regional nature, large investment, and small amount of competitors. In the basis of these features, it is very necessary to set up a model system of constructing virtual port enterprises to solve China's port virtual cooperation.
Therefore, on the basis of a large number of previous studies of the virtual enterprise, this article works on using the concept of virtual enterprise to build a model system for the construction of the virtual port enterprises. This article according to the actual demand of Dalian Port, uses the IDEF model to construct a set of virtual container port enterprises establishing model system, analyze Dalian Port's specific situation and resolve its targeting identification, partner selection, cooperation mode selection issues, and due to the cooperation mode selection is the most important one, this article uses SPSS software for statistical analysis of survey feedback data to calculate the cooperation mode that Dalian Port and its partners should adopt, finally advances several proposals in the operating process of Dalian Virtual Container Port.
虚拟港口企业是利用虚拟企业的概念来构建的,而关于虚拟企业的研究多是应用于生产制造业,对于港口领域研究甚少,港口业区别于其他产业,具有地域性强、投资大、数量较少的特点,建立虚拟港口企业需要针对港口行业的特性的进行研究,这说明非常有必要构造一套虚拟港口企业组建的模型体系,在此基础之上,来解决我国港口虚拟合作的问题。
因此,本文在大量阅读前人关于虚拟企业研究的基础上,致力于研究利用虚拟企业的概念来构建虚拟港口建设的模型体系。针对大连港的实际需求,经过实地考察,利用IDEF模型构建出一套虚拟集装箱港口企业组建的模型体系,针对大连港的具体现状与问题对其目标确定、合作伙伴选择、合作模式选择三个功能模块进行具体分析,由于合作模式选择是最重要的一个模块,本文利用SPSS软件对港口调查反馈数据进行统计分析,计算出大连港与其合作伙伴应采用的合作模式,最后提出了大连港运营虚拟集装箱港口企业过程中可以采取的措施。
As the financial crisis, the shipping market is still depressed. Seaports choose cooperation instead of blind competition, however, because of geographical distinction, the traditional modes of port cooperation cannot meet the fast-paced market changes. Seaports need to adopt a way of constructing virtual port enterprises temporarily to gain co-operation. Such virtual co-operation can help seaports to achieve the complementary strength of other partners, to be more dynamic and flexible to respond to market changes and also can help to seize opportunities, improve the transportation network, improve service levels, win a dominant position.
Virtual port enterprises are built in the use of the concept of virtual enterprise. But the research on virtual enterprises is mostly used in production manufacturing, very little research in the port field. Since the port industry is different from other industries, it is with strong regional nature, large investment, and small amount of competitors. In the basis of these features, it is very necessary to set up a model system of constructing virtual port enterprises to solve China's port virtual cooperation.
Therefore, on the basis of a large number of previous studies of the virtual enterprise, this article works on using the concept of virtual enterprise to build a model system for the construction of the virtual port enterprises. This article according to the actual demand of Dalian Port, uses the IDEF model to construct a set of virtual container port enterprises establishing model system, analyze Dalian Port's specific situation and resolve its targeting identification, partner selection, cooperation mode selection issues, and due to the cooperation mode selection is the most important one, this article uses SPSS software for statistical analysis of survey feedback data to calculate the cooperation mode that Dalian Port and its partners should adopt, finally advances several proposals in the operating process of Dalian Virtual Container Port.
引文
[1]甘华鸣,姜钦华,和争,中国国际广播出版社,2002.P4
[2]汪涛,竞争的演进——从对抗的竞争到合作的竞争,武汉大学出版社,2002.P162～191
[3]Byrne J. The Virtual Corporation [N]. Business Week. Feb,1993(8):36-41.
[4]Grainer R, Metes G. Has Outsourcing Gone too Far [N]. Business Week,1996 April (1): 28.
[5]L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, Elements of a base VE infrastructure, Computers in Industry 51 (2003) 139-163.
[6]M. T. Martinez, P. Fouletier, K. H. Park, J. Favrel. Virtual enterprise-organisation, evolution and control. Int. J. Production Economics 74 (2001) 225-238
[7]Tae-Young Kim, Sunjae Lee, Kwangsoo Kim, Cheol-Han Kim. A modeling framework for agile and interoperable virtual enterprises, Computers in Industry,57 (2006) 204-217
[8]Kenneth Preiss, Steven L. Goldman & Roger N. Nagel,21st Century Manufactoring Enterprises Strategy:An Industry-Led View. Iacocca Institute, Lehigh University, 1991
[9]William H. Davidow & Michael S. Malone:The Virtual Corporation:Structuring and Revitalizing the corporation for the 21st century, Harper Business, a division of HarperCollins Publisher,1992
[10]John A. Byrne, The Virtual Corporation, Business Week, February 8,1993
[11]Steven L. Goldman, Roger N. Nagel & Kenneth Preiss, Ahile Conpetitors and Virtual Organizations, Van Nostrand Renhold,1994
[12]Mezgar, Kovacs G L. Co-ordination of SME Production through a Co-operative Network [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing.1998(9):167-172
[13]Katzy B R. Design and Implementation of Virtual Organization [C]. Proc.31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science,1998:142-150.
[14]Bernus P, Nemes L. Organizational Design:Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Intergrated Virtual Enterprises [C]. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Pergamon Press.1999(A): 189-194
[15]陈志祥,陈秋荣,马士华.虚拟企业管理模式研究[J].科学管理研究,1998,6(3)：27-29.
[16]史占中.企业战略联盟.上海：上海财经大学出版社,2001
[17]解树江,虚拟企业——理论分析、运行机制与发展战略。北京：经济管理出版社,2002
[18]冯蔚东,陈剑.虚拟企业管理模式研究.清华大学研究报告,2000.北京：清华大学经济管理学院.
[19]Roger Nagal, Rick Dove.21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy:An Industry-Led View[M]. Iacocca Institute, Lehigh University,1991.
[20]Srinivas Talluri, Baker R C.Aquantitative framework for designing efficient business processalliances[J]. IEMC 96, Managing Virtual Enterprises,1996:656-660.
[21]赵璐璐.基于粗集理论的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择研究.南京理工大学.2009.06
[22]章玲,葛世伦.基于模糊神经网络方法的虚拟企业合作伙伴的选择.华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版).2002.10
[23]张素华.基于绿色制造的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择研究.燕山大学.
[24]Africa Arino, Yves Doz.Rescuing Troubled Alliances … Before It's Too Late[J]. European Management Journal,2000,18(2):173-182.
[25]冯蔚东,陈剑.虚拟企业管理模式研究.清华大学研究报告,2000.北京：清华大学经济管理学院.
[26]郑东强,朱世和.虚拟企业综述[J].天津理工学院学报,2002,18(2)：95-99.
[27]杜维.虚拟企业合作模式选择研究.重庆大学.2006
[28]薛万里,顾建明.虚拟企业在港口整合中的应用.江苏交通.2003年第11.12期
[29]陈淼.水路运输文摘.2005.5
[30]郑礼,我国中小航运企业组建航运虚拟企业的经济学分析,2005.6
[31]廖日卿,集装箱多式联运虚拟企业协同生产管理研究,上海海事大学,2006.6
[32]吕荣胜,邬德林.环渤海港口虚拟经营的博弈分析.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2006年第2期
[33]doc. qiuhao. com/phrase/200604090026325. html
[34]资料来源：维基百科,http://zh. wikipedia. org/zh/IDEF
[35]http://www.idef.com
[36]Naiqi Wu, Ping Su. Selection of partners in virtual enterprise paradigm [J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2005,21:119-131.
[37]B. Ramaseshan, Puay Choon Loo. Factors affecting a partner's perceived effectiveness of strategic business alliance:some Singaporean evidence [J]. International Business Review,1998,7:443-458.
[38]W. H. Ip, Min Huangb, K. L. Yung, Dingwei Wang. Genetic algorithm solution for a risk-basedpartner selection problem in a virtual enterprise [J]. Computers & Operations Research,2003,30:213-231.
[39]Abraham Y. Nahm, Mark A Vonderembse, Xenophon A. Koufteros. The Impact of Organizationg Culture on Time-Based Manufacturing and Performance [J]. Decision Science.
[40]Michael Tracey, Mark A. Vonderembse, Jeen-Su Lim. Manufacturing technology and strategy formulation:keys to enhancing competitiveness and improving performance[J]. Journal of Operations Management,1999,7:411-428.2004,35(4): 579-607.
[41]杨欢欢.虚拟企业信任决定因素研究.浙江工业大学.2007.1
[42]历年中国十大港口吞吐量排名
[43]中国航运周刊
[44]陈淼,邵俊岗.国外港口群竞争合作对我国的启示.中国港口.2007.4
[45]周舒生,纽约新泽西合作启示,宁波经济,2008.4
[46]真虹、刘桂云.柔性化港口的发展模式.上海交通大学出版社.2008.8
[47]Likert R. A Teehoique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Arehives of Psyeholog, 1932,140:1-55.
[48]张文彤,闫洁.SPSS统计分析基础教程.高等教育出版社.2004.9
[49]郭志刚.社会统计分析方法.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1999：87-88.
[50]何晓群.多元统计分析.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004：173-180.
[51]蒋平.城市农民工工作满意度影响因素研究——以福建省沿海城市为例.厦门大学.2009.4
[52]王济川,郭志刚.Logistic回归模型——方法与应用.高等教育出版社.
[53]张文彤,董伟.SPSS统计分析高级教程.高等教育出版社.2004.9
[2]汪涛,竞争的演进——从对抗的竞争到合作的竞争,武汉大学出版社,2002.P162～191
[3]Byrne J. The Virtual Corporation [N]. Business Week. Feb,1993(8):36-41.
[4]Grainer R, Metes G. Has Outsourcing Gone too Far [N]. Business Week,1996 April (1): 28.
[5]L. M. Camarinha-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, Elements of a base VE infrastructure, Computers in Industry 51 (2003) 139-163.
[6]M. T. Martinez, P. Fouletier, K. H. Park, J. Favrel. Virtual enterprise-organisation, evolution and control. Int. J. Production Economics 74 (2001) 225-238
[7]Tae-Young Kim, Sunjae Lee, Kwangsoo Kim, Cheol-Han Kim. A modeling framework for agile and interoperable virtual enterprises, Computers in Industry,57 (2006) 204-217
[8]Kenneth Preiss, Steven L. Goldman & Roger N. Nagel,21st Century Manufactoring Enterprises Strategy:An Industry-Led View. Iacocca Institute, Lehigh University, 1991
[9]William H. Davidow & Michael S. Malone:The Virtual Corporation:Structuring and Revitalizing the corporation for the 21st century, Harper Business, a division of HarperCollins Publisher,1992
[10]John A. Byrne, The Virtual Corporation, Business Week, February 8,1993
[11]Steven L. Goldman, Roger N. Nagel & Kenneth Preiss, Ahile Conpetitors and Virtual Organizations, Van Nostrand Renhold,1994
[12]Mezgar, Kovacs G L. Co-ordination of SME Production through a Co-operative Network [J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing.1998(9):167-172
[13]Katzy B R. Design and Implementation of Virtual Organization [C]. Proc.31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science,1998:142-150.
[14]Bernus P, Nemes L. Organizational Design:Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Intergrated Virtual Enterprises [C]. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Pergamon Press.1999(A): 189-194
[15]陈志祥,陈秋荣,马士华.虚拟企业管理模式研究[J].科学管理研究,1998,6(3)：27-29.
[16]史占中.企业战略联盟.上海：上海财经大学出版社,2001
[17]解树江,虚拟企业——理论分析、运行机制与发展战略。北京：经济管理出版社,2002
[18]冯蔚东,陈剑.虚拟企业管理模式研究.清华大学研究报告,2000.北京：清华大学经济管理学院.
[19]Roger Nagal, Rick Dove.21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy:An Industry-Led View[M]. Iacocca Institute, Lehigh University,1991.
[20]Srinivas Talluri, Baker R C.Aquantitative framework for designing efficient business processalliances[J]. IEMC 96, Managing Virtual Enterprises,1996:656-660.
[21]赵璐璐.基于粗集理论的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择研究.南京理工大学.2009.06
[22]章玲,葛世伦.基于模糊神经网络方法的虚拟企业合作伙伴的选择.华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版).2002.10
[23]张素华.基于绿色制造的虚拟企业合作伙伴选择研究.燕山大学.
[24]Africa Arino, Yves Doz.Rescuing Troubled Alliances … Before It's Too Late[J]. European Management Journal,2000,18(2):173-182.
[25]冯蔚东,陈剑.虚拟企业管理模式研究.清华大学研究报告,2000.北京：清华大学经济管理学院.
[26]郑东强,朱世和.虚拟企业综述[J].天津理工学院学报,2002,18(2)：95-99.
[27]杜维.虚拟企业合作模式选择研究.重庆大学.2006
[28]薛万里,顾建明.虚拟企业在港口整合中的应用.江苏交通.2003年第11.12期
[29]陈淼.水路运输文摘.2005.5
[30]郑礼,我国中小航运企业组建航运虚拟企业的经济学分析,2005.6
[31]廖日卿,集装箱多式联运虚拟企业协同生产管理研究,上海海事大学,2006.6
[32]吕荣胜,邬德林.环渤海港口虚拟经营的博弈分析.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2006年第2期
[33]doc. qiuhao. com/phrase/200604090026325. html
[34]资料来源：维基百科,http://zh. wikipedia. org/zh/IDEF
[35]http://www.idef.com
[36]Naiqi Wu, Ping Su. Selection of partners in virtual enterprise paradigm [J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2005,21:119-131.
[37]B. Ramaseshan, Puay Choon Loo. Factors affecting a partner's perceived effectiveness of strategic business alliance:some Singaporean evidence [J]. International Business Review,1998,7:443-458.
[38]W. H. Ip, Min Huangb, K. L. Yung, Dingwei Wang. Genetic algorithm solution for a risk-basedpartner selection problem in a virtual enterprise [J]. Computers & Operations Research,2003,30:213-231.
[39]Abraham Y. Nahm, Mark A Vonderembse, Xenophon A. Koufteros. The Impact of Organizationg Culture on Time-Based Manufacturing and Performance [J]. Decision Science.
[40]Michael Tracey, Mark A. Vonderembse, Jeen-Su Lim. Manufacturing technology and strategy formulation:keys to enhancing competitiveness and improving performance[J]. Journal of Operations Management,1999,7:411-428.2004,35(4): 579-607.
[41]杨欢欢.虚拟企业信任决定因素研究.浙江工业大学.2007.1
[42]历年中国十大港口吞吐量排名
[43]中国航运周刊
[44]陈淼,邵俊岗.国外港口群竞争合作对我国的启示.中国港口.2007.4
[45]周舒生,纽约新泽西合作启示,宁波经济,2008.4
[46]真虹、刘桂云.柔性化港口的发展模式.上海交通大学出版社.2008.8
[47]Likert R. A Teehoique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Arehives of Psyeholog, 1932,140:1-55.
[48]张文彤,闫洁.SPSS统计分析基础教程.高等教育出版社.2004.9
[49]郭志刚.社会统计分析方法.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1999：87-88.
[50]何晓群.多元统计分析.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004：173-180.
[51]蒋平.城市农民工工作满意度影响因素研究——以福建省沿海城市为例.厦门大学.2009.4
[52]王济川,郭志刚.Logistic回归模型——方法与应用.高等教育出版社.
[53]张文彤,董伟.SPSS统计分析高级教程.高等教育出版社.2004.9