基于EON的船舶机舱集控室仿真系统
|
摘要
随着电子信息技术的飞速发展和计算机技术的广泛应用,计算机仿真技术逐渐广泛应用于各个领域,轮机模拟器即是计算机仿真技术在航海领域的典型应用。集控室是船舶机舱区域的控制中心,设备密集,布置复杂,与机舱其他区域的各种连接接口繁多,因此,对集控室设备的熟练控制至关重要。传统轮机仿真系统中,机舱系统仅仅为虚拟现实漫游系统,数据交互性还不完善;人机交互不强;没有提供高效的压缩算法和细分技术,故产生的文件较大,不利于网络传输;船舶虚拟现实大多是物理的或是半物理(借助于实际硬件)的仿真系统,增加了系统开发的成本;系统缺乏面向对象思想的辅助,因而系统后期维护会存在问题。建立船舶机舱集控室虚拟现实仿真系统,是对于现有船舶轮机仿真器很有益的补充,可以使机舱操作人员结合控制系统传输的数据对机舱内各机构的运行情况有直观的、立体的、实时的掌握,提高机舱控制的准确性和安全性。本系统采用SolidWorks 2006开发三维模型,用VC 6.0环境下的EonX控件程序表现三维视景仿真虚拟环境,把虚拟现实技术和面向对象技术应用到船舶轮机模拟器中,完成了虚拟环境下船舶机舱集控室虚拟漫游和实时交互系统系统的开发,并在此基础之上强化系统的人机交互性。主要研究内容是:(1)三维模型的建立及优化,建立逼真的船舶机舱集控室虚拟场景;(2)实现集控室场景的实时漫游,实现自动漫游和可控漫游两种漫游方式,在漫游过程中实现不同漫游方式和不同观察者初始位置的切换:(3)实现对虚拟场景中主要部件的驱动,实现与轮机模拟器之问通信,实现虚拟机舱集控室与轮机模拟器之『自J的互操作。保持视景中虚拟集控室设备的状态与船舶轮机模拟器所模拟的相应设备的状态一致;并且可通过对虚拟机舱集控室中相关设备的控制,实现对轮机模拟器的操作。
With the rapid development of information technology and wide use of computer, the application of Computer Simulation is increasingly proverbially. Marine Engine Simulator is a typical example of Computer Simulation in the field of navigation. With dense equipments and complex collocation, the engine control room which holds so various interfaces to other areas, is actually the control center of the engine room in any ships, so adroitly dominating the equipments in the engine control room is the most important.
In the traditional marine simulating system, the part of engine room is only system with virtual reality roaming. Usually, the data interactive is imperfect; the man-machine interaction is not strong; has not provided the highly effective compression algorithm, so that the procreant file is too big to transfer in the network; mostly it is physics or perhaps half physics(with the actual hardware) simulation system, which increase the cost of system development; lacks the object-oriented thought auxiliary, so that many problems will come during the later period maintaining of the system and the increasing function. Establishing the virtual reality simulation system of ships engine control room is so beneficial supplement to the existing ships turbine simulator, with which the operators can have intuitively, three-dimensional, real-time grasping to various organizations' operational aspect, thus can enhances the accuracy and the security of operating in the engine room control.
The SolidWorks 2006 is used to develop three-dimensional models in this system; the three dimensional ground view simulation virtual environment is displayed with EonX under VC 6.0; the virtual reality technology and the object-oriented technology is applies in the ships turbine simulator; and with these, the virtual reality simulation and real-time interactive system of ships engine control room is completed; finally, system's man-machine interaction is strengthened above the foundation. So, generally speaking, the main research content is:
(1)Establish and optimize three-dimensional model, so as to found realistic ship engine control room virtual scene;
(2)Carry out real-time roaming of console room scene, including self-motion roaming and hand controlling roaming; both of the different ways and various original observer position can be switched;
(3)Implement driving the main components in the virtual scene, communicating between the simulation system and the marine simulator. Keep a consistent state between the virtual equipment s and the actual ones; and manipulate the marine simulator by handling the equipments in the virtual scene.
With the rapid development of information technology and wide use of computer, the application of Computer Simulation is increasingly proverbially. Marine Engine Simulator is a typical example of Computer Simulation in the field of navigation. With dense equipments and complex collocation, the engine control room which holds so various interfaces to other areas, is actually the control center of the engine room in any ships, so adroitly dominating the equipments in the engine control room is the most important.
In the traditional marine simulating system, the part of engine room is only system with virtual reality roaming. Usually, the data interactive is imperfect; the man-machine interaction is not strong; has not provided the highly effective compression algorithm, so that the procreant file is too big to transfer in the network; mostly it is physics or perhaps half physics(with the actual hardware) simulation system, which increase the cost of system development; lacks the object-oriented thought auxiliary, so that many problems will come during the later period maintaining of the system and the increasing function. Establishing the virtual reality simulation system of ships engine control room is so beneficial supplement to the existing ships turbine simulator, with which the operators can have intuitively, three-dimensional, real-time grasping to various organizations' operational aspect, thus can enhances the accuracy and the security of operating in the engine room control.
The SolidWorks 2006 is used to develop three-dimensional models in this system; the three dimensional ground view simulation virtual environment is displayed with EonX under VC 6.0; the virtual reality technology and the object-oriented technology is applies in the ships turbine simulator; and with these, the virtual reality simulation and real-time interactive system of ships engine control room is completed; finally, system's man-machine interaction is strengthened above the foundation. So, generally speaking, the main research content is:
(1)Establish and optimize three-dimensional model, so as to found realistic ship engine control room virtual scene;
(2)Carry out real-time roaming of console room scene, including self-motion roaming and hand controlling roaming; both of the different ways and various original observer position can be switched;
(3)Implement driving the main components in the virtual scene, communicating between the simulation system and the marine simulator. Keep a consistent state between the virtual equipment s and the actual ones; and manipulate the marine simulator by handling the equipments in the virtual scene.
引文
[1]逢守文.机舱三维视景建模及漫游软件开发:(硕士学位论文).武汉理工大学,2005.
[2]尹玉亮,李培珍,康与云.虚拟现实技术及其应用现状[J].科技信息,2007(26).
[3]冯惠军,冯允成.一个面向对象的仿真建模框架.系统工程理论与实践,1999,5:61-66.
[4]尹念东.汽车驾驶模拟器视景的三维动画实现.信息技术,2004(9).
[5]韦有双,王飞,冯允成.虚拟现实与系统仿真.计算机仿真,1999,16(2):63-66.
[6]王飞,王波,杨湘龙,冯允成.PC机上虚拟现实仿真的实现.计算机工程.2000,26(8):11-12.
[7]杨宇航,冯允成.基于仿真试验的复杂系统可靠性、可用性和MTBF评估文献综述.系统工程理论与实践,2003(2):80-85
[8]杨湘龙,王飞,冯允成.仿真优化理论与方法综述.计算机仿真,2000,17(5):1-5.
[9]比特·格兰姆森.军事仿真与虚拟现实.情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术,1999(7):58-68.
[10]孙文静.虚拟场景实时生成技术研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安电子科技大学,2007.
[11]王大海.虚拟海洋环境视景仿真技术研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[12]郭凯.驾机合-多通道视景仿真系统研究:(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
[13]叶焕倬.三维运动目标的数据组织与管理:(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[14]周丽琨.虚拟现实系统中不规则形体的几何表现:(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[15]朱跃龙,颜恩祝,万定生,高山.引江济太三维动态模拟关键技术研究[J].中国水利,2008(01).
[16]王新光.基于模型驱动的实时交互式三维场景构建方法及其在水利上的应用研究[D].南京:河海大学,2002.
[17]万刚,陈刚,游雄.虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究[J].测绘学报,2002(01).
[18]刘惠义,李晓芳.大型水利工程复杂虚拟视景建模与实时绘制.水力发电学报,2008,2(27):1.
[19]周昆,潘志庚,石教英.基于混合多细节层次技术的实时绘制算法[J].软件学报,2001,12(1):74-82.
[20]Foster N,Metaxas D.Realistic animation of liquids[J].Graphical Models and Image Processing,1996,58(5):471-483.
[21]苏国辉,秦文虎,赵正旭.基于虚拟现实的汽车驾驶仿真系统.轻型汽车技术,2006(1):9-11.
[22]Clayton Walnum.3-D Graphics Programming With OpenGL[M].Bryan Gambrel Produce Development Specialist Corporation.Indianapolis,Indiana 46290,USA.1995.
[23]高欣,宋荆州等.基于虚拟现实技术的自行车漫游系统的研究与实现.电子技术应用,2004(9).
[24]潘鸿彬.虚拟环境下可视化互动装配技术研究:(硕士学位论文).广州:广东工业大学,2006.
[25]吴盘龙,陈帅,薄煜明.基于虚拟现实的光电对抗仿真系统的研究.红外,2008(1):6-10.
[26]Multigen-Paradigm Inc.Multigen Creator User's Guide version 2.6[Z].USA:2003.
[27]Quantum 3D Inc.OpenGVS Programming Guide Version 4.4[Z].USA:2001.
[28]秦娟.视景对象关系可视化编辑环境的研究与实现:(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[29]刘雄飞.基于网络的交互式虚拟室内环境的研究与实现:(博士学位论文).哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[30]王志杰,汪云甲,伏永明.基于虚拟现实技术的矿山三维建模、显示及漫游系统[J].测绘工程,2006(01).
[31]郭齐胜,李光辉,马亚龙,朱昊,王旭昌.车辆碰撞检测的仿真[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,1999(02).
[32]杨晓红,刘书华.虚拟现实技术及其应用[J].计算机时代,2002(01).
[33]牟长军,童志伟.综述虚拟现实技术及其应用[J].装备制造技术,2007(01).
[34]王生进.高临场感空间的实现--从虚拟现实走向复合现实[J].中国教育网络,2007(03).
[35]高娟,宛西原.虚拟现实的技术瓶颈及其改进.中国现代教育装备,2008(1).
[36]Grigore C.Burdea.Philippe Coiffet Virtual Reality Technology[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[37]Parsons S,Leonard A,Mitchell P.Virtual Environments for Social Skills Training:Comments from Two Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder[J].Computers & Education,2006,47(2):186-206.
[38]Takase Y,Sho N,Sone A,et al.Automatic Generation of 3-D City Models and Related Applications[C].Proc.of International Workshop on Visualization and Animation of Reality-based 3D Models.Switzerland,2003(02).
[39]Bishop I D,Gimblett H R.Management of Recreational Areas:Geographic Information Systems,Autonomous Agents and Virtual Reality[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2000,27(3):423-435.
[40]Huang B,Lin H.Geo VR:a Web-based Tool for Virtual Reality Rresentation from 2D GIS Data[J].Computers & Geosciences,1999,25(10):1167-1175.
[41]Winterbottom S J,Long D.From Abstract Digital Models to Rich Virtual Environments:Landscape Contexts in Kilmartin Glen,Scotland[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2006,33(10):1256-1367.
[42]Takase Y,Sone A,Hatanaka T.A Development of 3D Urban Information System on Web[C].Proc.of Processing and Visualization Using High-Resolution Images.Thailand,2004.
[43]Whyte J,Bouchlaghem N,Thorpe A.From CAD to Virtual Reality:Modelling Approaches,Data Exchange and Interactive 3D Building Design Tools[J].Automation in Construction,2000,10(1):43-55.
[44]张潞弟,朱群雄.新型虚拟现实交互建模方法.计算机工程,2008,34(1).
[45]张昆,边馥苓.用于虚拟现实的分区漫游[J].测绘信息与工程,2002(06).
[46]杨作宾,朱元昌,张纬,全厚德.基于武器随动系统的建模与视景仿真[J].电光与控制,2000(04).
[47]Wang C,Cannon D J.Virtual Reality Based Point and Direct Robotic Inspection in Manufacturing.IEEE Transaction on Robotics and Automation,1996,12(4):516-531.
[48]李自力.虚拟现实中基于图形与图象的混合建模技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2001(01).
[49]Mel Slater,Martin Usoh.Simulating peripheral vision in immersive virtual environments.Comput.&Graphics,1993,17(6):643-653.
[50]Darsa L,Costa B,Varshney A.Walkthroughs of complex environments using image-based simplification.Computer & Graphics,1998,22(1):55-69.
[51]谷正气,容哲,杨易,罗国青.三维虚拟场景在车辆导航系统中的应用[J].计算机仿真,2007(05).
[52]EON Reality,Inc.(2001)EON User Guide 5.0.
[53]H.J.W.Spoelder.Virtual instrumentation and virtual environments.IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine,1999,2(3):14-19.
[54]M.Aivazis,W.A.Goddard,D.Meiron,et al.A virtual test facility for simulating the dynamic response of materials.Computing in Science & Engineering,2000,2(2):42-53.
[55]曾晓芳,余晓明,曾德惠.基于OpenGL列车虚拟运行场景铺设及实时显示方法[J]平顶山工学院学报,2007(04).
[56]郭天太.基于VR的虚拟测试技术及其应用基础研究:(博士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[57]Tougaw,D.,Will,J.Visualizing the future of virtual reality.Computing in Science&Engineering,2003,5(4):8-11.
[58]Magnenat-Thalmann,N.,Bonanni,U.Haptics in virtual reality and multimedia.Multimedia,IEEE,2006,13(3):6-11.
[59]M.Cramer,V.Evers,V.Zudilova,A.Sloot.Context analysis to support development of virtual reality applications.Virtual Reality,2004,7(3-4).
[60]Lawton,G.Making virtual reality more accessible.Computer,2006,39(6):12-15.
[61]Myers,B.A.User interface software technology.ACM Computer Survey,1996,28(1):189-191.
[62]EON Reference Guide,EON Reality,Inc.2001.
[63]刘颖,沈模卫.菜单界面设计的认知工效学研究方法[J].应用心理学,2000(02).
[64]王惠宇.计算机硬件实验虚拟仿真平台的设计[J].电脑知识与技术,2006(20).
[65]Frederick Wieland,AlexSzabo,Naval Research Labortory,Jone Haynes.Object-Oriented Design of a Scene Generation Simulation.Proceedings of the 1994 Computer Simulation Conference,1995.
[66]Qiu Xian-jie,Wang Zhao-qi,Xia Shi-hong,Wu Yong-dong.A Virtual-Real Comparison Technique Used on Sport Simulation and Analysis.Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Signal Processing.2004:1296-1300.
[2]尹玉亮,李培珍,康与云.虚拟现实技术及其应用现状[J].科技信息,2007(26).
[3]冯惠军,冯允成.一个面向对象的仿真建模框架.系统工程理论与实践,1999,5:61-66.
[4]尹念东.汽车驾驶模拟器视景的三维动画实现.信息技术,2004(9).
[5]韦有双,王飞,冯允成.虚拟现实与系统仿真.计算机仿真,1999,16(2):63-66.
[6]王飞,王波,杨湘龙,冯允成.PC机上虚拟现实仿真的实现.计算机工程.2000,26(8):11-12.
[7]杨宇航,冯允成.基于仿真试验的复杂系统可靠性、可用性和MTBF评估文献综述.系统工程理论与实践,2003(2):80-85
[8]杨湘龙,王飞,冯允成.仿真优化理论与方法综述.计算机仿真,2000,17(5):1-5.
[9]比特·格兰姆森.军事仿真与虚拟现实.情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术,1999(7):58-68.
[10]孙文静.虚拟场景实时生成技术研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安电子科技大学,2007.
[11]王大海.虚拟海洋环境视景仿真技术研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[12]郭凯.驾机合-多通道视景仿真系统研究:(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
[13]叶焕倬.三维运动目标的数据组织与管理:(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉大学,2004.
[14]周丽琨.虚拟现实系统中不规则形体的几何表现:(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2003.
[15]朱跃龙,颜恩祝,万定生,高山.引江济太三维动态模拟关键技术研究[J].中国水利,2008(01).
[16]王新光.基于模型驱动的实时交互式三维场景构建方法及其在水利上的应用研究[D].南京:河海大学,2002.
[17]万刚,陈刚,游雄.虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究[J].测绘学报,2002(01).
[18]刘惠义,李晓芳.大型水利工程复杂虚拟视景建模与实时绘制.水力发电学报,2008,2(27):1.
[19]周昆,潘志庚,石教英.基于混合多细节层次技术的实时绘制算法[J].软件学报,2001,12(1):74-82.
[20]Foster N,Metaxas D.Realistic animation of liquids[J].Graphical Models and Image Processing,1996,58(5):471-483.
[21]苏国辉,秦文虎,赵正旭.基于虚拟现实的汽车驾驶仿真系统.轻型汽车技术,2006(1):9-11.
[22]Clayton Walnum.3-D Graphics Programming With OpenGL[M].Bryan Gambrel Produce Development Specialist Corporation.Indianapolis,Indiana 46290,USA.1995.
[23]高欣,宋荆州等.基于虚拟现实技术的自行车漫游系统的研究与实现.电子技术应用,2004(9).
[24]潘鸿彬.虚拟环境下可视化互动装配技术研究:(硕士学位论文).广州:广东工业大学,2006.
[25]吴盘龙,陈帅,薄煜明.基于虚拟现实的光电对抗仿真系统的研究.红外,2008(1):6-10.
[26]Multigen-Paradigm Inc.Multigen Creator User's Guide version 2.6[Z].USA:2003.
[27]Quantum 3D Inc.OpenGVS Programming Guide Version 4.4[Z].USA:2001.
[28]秦娟.视景对象关系可视化编辑环境的研究与实现:(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[29]刘雄飞.基于网络的交互式虚拟室内环境的研究与实现:(博士学位论文).哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2006.
[30]王志杰,汪云甲,伏永明.基于虚拟现实技术的矿山三维建模、显示及漫游系统[J].测绘工程,2006(01).
[31]郭齐胜,李光辉,马亚龙,朱昊,王旭昌.车辆碰撞检测的仿真[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,1999(02).
[32]杨晓红,刘书华.虚拟现实技术及其应用[J].计算机时代,2002(01).
[33]牟长军,童志伟.综述虚拟现实技术及其应用[J].装备制造技术,2007(01).
[34]王生进.高临场感空间的实现--从虚拟现实走向复合现实[J].中国教育网络,2007(03).
[35]高娟,宛西原.虚拟现实的技术瓶颈及其改进.中国现代教育装备,2008(1).
[36]Grigore C.Burdea.Philippe Coiffet Virtual Reality Technology[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[37]Parsons S,Leonard A,Mitchell P.Virtual Environments for Social Skills Training:Comments from Two Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder[J].Computers & Education,2006,47(2):186-206.
[38]Takase Y,Sho N,Sone A,et al.Automatic Generation of 3-D City Models and Related Applications[C].Proc.of International Workshop on Visualization and Animation of Reality-based 3D Models.Switzerland,2003(02).
[39]Bishop I D,Gimblett H R.Management of Recreational Areas:Geographic Information Systems,Autonomous Agents and Virtual Reality[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2000,27(3):423-435.
[40]Huang B,Lin H.Geo VR:a Web-based Tool for Virtual Reality Rresentation from 2D GIS Data[J].Computers & Geosciences,1999,25(10):1167-1175.
[41]Winterbottom S J,Long D.From Abstract Digital Models to Rich Virtual Environments:Landscape Contexts in Kilmartin Glen,Scotland[J].Journal of Archaeological Science,2006,33(10):1256-1367.
[42]Takase Y,Sone A,Hatanaka T.A Development of 3D Urban Information System on Web[C].Proc.of Processing and Visualization Using High-Resolution Images.Thailand,2004.
[43]Whyte J,Bouchlaghem N,Thorpe A.From CAD to Virtual Reality:Modelling Approaches,Data Exchange and Interactive 3D Building Design Tools[J].Automation in Construction,2000,10(1):43-55.
[44]张潞弟,朱群雄.新型虚拟现实交互建模方法.计算机工程,2008,34(1).
[45]张昆,边馥苓.用于虚拟现实的分区漫游[J].测绘信息与工程,2002(06).
[46]杨作宾,朱元昌,张纬,全厚德.基于武器随动系统的建模与视景仿真[J].电光与控制,2000(04).
[47]Wang C,Cannon D J.Virtual Reality Based Point and Direct Robotic Inspection in Manufacturing.IEEE Transaction on Robotics and Automation,1996,12(4):516-531.
[48]李自力.虚拟现实中基于图形与图象的混合建模技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2001(01).
[49]Mel Slater,Martin Usoh.Simulating peripheral vision in immersive virtual environments.Comput.&Graphics,1993,17(6):643-653.
[50]Darsa L,Costa B,Varshney A.Walkthroughs of complex environments using image-based simplification.Computer & Graphics,1998,22(1):55-69.
[51]谷正气,容哲,杨易,罗国青.三维虚拟场景在车辆导航系统中的应用[J].计算机仿真,2007(05).
[52]EON Reality,Inc.(2001)EON User Guide 5.0.
[53]H.J.W.Spoelder.Virtual instrumentation and virtual environments.IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine,1999,2(3):14-19.
[54]M.Aivazis,W.A.Goddard,D.Meiron,et al.A virtual test facility for simulating the dynamic response of materials.Computing in Science & Engineering,2000,2(2):42-53.
[55]曾晓芳,余晓明,曾德惠.基于OpenGL列车虚拟运行场景铺设及实时显示方法[J]平顶山工学院学报,2007(04).
[56]郭天太.基于VR的虚拟测试技术及其应用基础研究:(博士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[57]Tougaw,D.,Will,J.Visualizing the future of virtual reality.Computing in Science&Engineering,2003,5(4):8-11.
[58]Magnenat-Thalmann,N.,Bonanni,U.Haptics in virtual reality and multimedia.Multimedia,IEEE,2006,13(3):6-11.
[59]M.Cramer,V.Evers,V.Zudilova,A.Sloot.Context analysis to support development of virtual reality applications.Virtual Reality,2004,7(3-4).
[60]Lawton,G.Making virtual reality more accessible.Computer,2006,39(6):12-15.
[61]Myers,B.A.User interface software technology.ACM Computer Survey,1996,28(1):189-191.
[62]EON Reference Guide,EON Reality,Inc.2001.
[63]刘颖,沈模卫.菜单界面设计的认知工效学研究方法[J].应用心理学,2000(02).
[64]王惠宇.计算机硬件实验虚拟仿真平台的设计[J].电脑知识与技术,2006(20).
[65]Frederick Wieland,AlexSzabo,Naval Research Labortory,Jone Haynes.Object-Oriented Design of a Scene Generation Simulation.Proceedings of the 1994 Computer Simulation Conference,1995.
[66]Qiu Xian-jie,Wang Zhao-qi,Xia Shi-hong,Wu Yong-dong.A Virtual-Real Comparison Technique Used on Sport Simulation and Analysis.Proceeding of the 7th International Conference on Signal Processing.2004:1296-1300.