水泥厂安全培训VR技术的研究与实现
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摘要
安全是保障人类生存和生活质量的重要方面。随着人类社会的进步和生活水平的提高,人们对自身安全的要求越来越高。社会活动中,存在着大量不安全因素,要保证人的安全,离不开对社会环境的真实了解——安全管理人员需要了解管理区域内存在的事故隐患;科研人员需要向人们真实反映其安全研究的成果;而普通人则需要有一定的安全知识和防范意识。
VR培训是基于VR现实技术的培训,是实际培训过程在计算机上的映射。安全培训VR系统是指利用VR现实技术生成的一类适于进行安全教育培训的虚拟环境,它可以是某一现实安全环境的真实再现,也可以是虚拟构想的安全世界。受训人员以安全虚拟环境为依托,沉浸于其中,进行学习和培训。与普通安全培训相比,安全培训VR系统有仿真性、开放性、超时空性、可操作性、对应性等优点。鉴于目前国内对虚拟安全培训系统的论述和研究主要停留在基础理论和实现技术层面,而对虚拟安全培训系统的视觉表现方法鲜有论述。因此本论文将针对虚拟安全培训系统的动态交互效果来做研究,抛砖引玉,为虚拟安全培训系统的设计提供一定的参考。
本论文是虚拟培训技术在工业生产过程中安全培训的应用,分析了Virtools、OpenGVS及MultiGen三大虚拟现实开发工具以及3DS MAX及Maya两大建模工具,并对它们进行比较,选择了适合的安全培训VR系统开发环境配置方案:3DS MAX 8.0与Virtools Dev 4.0。并讨论了三维视觉建模技术,包括复杂几何模型的建立及三维人物角色模型建立等。研究了安全培训VR系统中的人机交互技术,包括平面按钮效果、人物角色及动作的导入、摄像机的位置处理、文字信息处理、声音的处理的具体实现方法。在理论研究的基础上,利用3DS MAX进行三维模型的构建,利用Virtools Dev进行场景的调度,实现一个基于拉法基瑞安水泥厂的安全培训VR系统,并且对系统的一些具体实现方法进行了详细的讨论。
Safety is a important guarantee of the human’s subsistence and living quality. Being along with the improvement of the society and living quality, people require more safety for themselves. In the social activities, there are lots of unsafe factors, so if the human beings want to get more protection, it’s required to know the social circumstance veritably—the safety managers need to know the hidden troubles in their district; the researchers need to present their research production to others in truth; and the common ones need to master some know ledges of safety and self-protection.
VR training is a kind of training based on VR virtual reality technique, is the computer mapping of actual training process. Safety training VR system is a type of virtual environment for safety education and training which is produced by using the VR reality technique, and it can be the true reproduction of a real safety environment, and it can also be a virtual safe world. Trained officers could rely on the virtual environment, and could be immersed in it with learning and training. Compared with the general safety training, safety training VR system possesses some advantages of simulative, open, over station-temporal, operable, corresponding and so on. The current exposition and study on virtual safety training system still stayed on the basic level of the theories and the technical achievements, but the visual performance methods of the virtual safety training system have seldom been discussed. Therefore, this paper did some research on the dynamic interaction effects of virtual safety training system, in order to provide some reference for the design of virtual security training system.
This paper introduced the application of the virtual training technique in safety training during the industrial production, and analyzed the virtual reality Tools of Virtools, OpenGVS and MultiGen and the Modeling Tools of DS MAX and Maya, then compared them, and selects the appropriate configuration of the safety training VR system environment: 3DS MAX 8.0 and Virtools Dev 4.0. The paper also discussed the three-dimensional visual modeling techniques, including the geometric modeling of complex model and three-dimensional figures model, and so on. The paper writer took some research on human-machine interaction technologies in the VR training system, including the flat-button effects, the import of the characters and action, the location of the camera, the information processing, the sound handling.. The paper writer took some research on human-machine interaction technologies in the virtual training system, including the specific method of collision detection and picking up the three-dimensional objects. On the basis of the theoretical research, the paper designed a 3D model by using of 3 DS MAX, and used the Virtools Dev for the scenes scheduling, and at last developed a safety training VR system for Lafarge concrete plant. Furthermore, it discussed in detail how to achieve some concrete methods in this system.
VR培训是基于VR现实技术的培训,是实际培训过程在计算机上的映射。安全培训VR系统是指利用VR现实技术生成的一类适于进行安全教育培训的虚拟环境,它可以是某一现实安全环境的真实再现,也可以是虚拟构想的安全世界。受训人员以安全虚拟环境为依托,沉浸于其中,进行学习和培训。与普通安全培训相比,安全培训VR系统有仿真性、开放性、超时空性、可操作性、对应性等优点。鉴于目前国内对虚拟安全培训系统的论述和研究主要停留在基础理论和实现技术层面,而对虚拟安全培训系统的视觉表现方法鲜有论述。因此本论文将针对虚拟安全培训系统的动态交互效果来做研究,抛砖引玉,为虚拟安全培训系统的设计提供一定的参考。
本论文是虚拟培训技术在工业生产过程中安全培训的应用,分析了Virtools、OpenGVS及MultiGen三大虚拟现实开发工具以及3DS MAX及Maya两大建模工具,并对它们进行比较,选择了适合的安全培训VR系统开发环境配置方案:3DS MAX 8.0与Virtools Dev 4.0。并讨论了三维视觉建模技术,包括复杂几何模型的建立及三维人物角色模型建立等。研究了安全培训VR系统中的人机交互技术,包括平面按钮效果、人物角色及动作的导入、摄像机的位置处理、文字信息处理、声音的处理的具体实现方法。在理论研究的基础上,利用3DS MAX进行三维模型的构建,利用Virtools Dev进行场景的调度,实现一个基于拉法基瑞安水泥厂的安全培训VR系统,并且对系统的一些具体实现方法进行了详细的讨论。
Safety is a important guarantee of the human’s subsistence and living quality. Being along with the improvement of the society and living quality, people require more safety for themselves. In the social activities, there are lots of unsafe factors, so if the human beings want to get more protection, it’s required to know the social circumstance veritably—the safety managers need to know the hidden troubles in their district; the researchers need to present their research production to others in truth; and the common ones need to master some know ledges of safety and self-protection.
VR training is a kind of training based on VR virtual reality technique, is the computer mapping of actual training process. Safety training VR system is a type of virtual environment for safety education and training which is produced by using the VR reality technique, and it can be the true reproduction of a real safety environment, and it can also be a virtual safe world. Trained officers could rely on the virtual environment, and could be immersed in it with learning and training. Compared with the general safety training, safety training VR system possesses some advantages of simulative, open, over station-temporal, operable, corresponding and so on. The current exposition and study on virtual safety training system still stayed on the basic level of the theories and the technical achievements, but the visual performance methods of the virtual safety training system have seldom been discussed. Therefore, this paper did some research on the dynamic interaction effects of virtual safety training system, in order to provide some reference for the design of virtual security training system.
This paper introduced the application of the virtual training technique in safety training during the industrial production, and analyzed the virtual reality Tools of Virtools, OpenGVS and MultiGen and the Modeling Tools of DS MAX and Maya, then compared them, and selects the appropriate configuration of the safety training VR system environment: 3DS MAX 8.0 and Virtools Dev 4.0. The paper also discussed the three-dimensional visual modeling techniques, including the geometric modeling of complex model and three-dimensional figures model, and so on. The paper writer took some research on human-machine interaction technologies in the VR training system, including the flat-button effects, the import of the characters and action, the location of the camera, the information processing, the sound handling.. The paper writer took some research on human-machine interaction technologies in the virtual training system, including the specific method of collision detection and picking up the three-dimensional objects. On the basis of the theoretical research, the paper designed a 3D model by using of 3 DS MAX, and used the Virtools Dev for the scenes scheduling, and at last developed a safety training VR system for Lafarge concrete plant. Furthermore, it discussed in detail how to achieve some concrete methods in this system.
引文
[1] 王红兵.虚拟现实技术——回顾与展望.计算机工程与应用,2001,(1)
[2] 曾芬芳.虚拟现实技术.上海交通大学出版社,1997
[3] 戚宜欣,夏征义,汪箭,范维澄.虚拟现实技术在安全工程中的应用.中国安全科学学报,1999.6(9):49-53
[4] 李锦涛著.虚拟环境技术及其应用.北京: 中国铁道出版社出版, 1998.
[5] 曾建超,俞志和.虚拟现实的技术及其应用[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,1996:2-3
[6] 胡小强.虚拟现实技术:北京邮电大学出版社,2005
[7] 陈定方、罗亚波等著.虚拟设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2002 年 6 月:1-2
[8] 张瑞新,任延祥,D Schofield,B Denby,T Walsha.虚拟现实技术在矿山安全工程中的研究进展.煤炭学报,1999.2(1):70-73
[9] B Denby,D Schofield.Role of virtual reality in safety training of mine personnel [J] .Mining Engineering 1999,10:59-64.
[10] Crawshaw S A M,Denby B,McClarnon D. The use of virtual reality to simulate room and pillar operations [J].Coal International,1997,245(1)
[11] Juan A Barcelo.Virtual reality and visualization [J].International Journal of modern Physics.2001.12(4)
[12] 司国海.基于虚拟现实技术井下作业培训系统的研究与实现:[学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2003
[13] 张尚娇,吴咏.虚拟现实技术与虚拟制造系统简述.上海汽车,1999 年(4): 16-18
[14] 邹湘军,孙健,何汉武,郑德涛.虚拟现实技术的演变发展与展望.系统仿真学报,2004.16 (9),1905-1909
[15] 裘伟廷.虚拟现实技术与未来教育培训.中国培训.1999,(8):51～52
[16] 唐秋华,陈定方,孔建益.基于 WTK 的真实感虚拟环境建模方法.湖北工学院学报.2002,17(2):33
[17] 李炯,雷虎民,刘兴堂.基于 Vega 的实时场景渲染技术研究.航天控制.2004,22(2):47
[18] 刘明昆.三维游戏设计师宝典 Virtools 开发工具篇.第一版.四川:四川电子音像出版中心,2005.1～6
[19] 王乐,陈定方,尹念东.基于 VIRTOOLS 的分布式虚拟现实技术研究.湖北工业大学学报.2005,20(3):22～23
[20] 郑长伟,刘高攀,郭齐胜.基于 OpenGVS 4.3 的光照效果研究.计算机仿真.2005,22(7):198
[21] 邢卫卫,李凤霞,战守义.基于 OpenGVS 的城区漫游系统的开发.计算机应用.2005,25(3):727～728
[22] Quantum3D,Inc.OpenGVS Programming Guide.Version 4.4.California :Quantum3D,Inc.,2001.18～20
[23] 张莉.海战仿真控制及视景生成技术的研究与实现.工程硕士学位论文.长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2002.11
[24] 吴家铸,党岗,刘华峰,程志全,阳明.视景仿真技术及应用.第一版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.77～112
[25] MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc. The MultiGen Creator Desktop Tutor. Version 2.3. MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc.,1998.6～11
[26] MultiGen-Paradigm,Inc. OpenFlight Specification. Version 15.6.0.MultiGen-50 Paradigm,Inc.,1998.45～68
[27] 戎蔚.3D MAX 三维设计师案例教程.北京,清华大学出版社,2004
[28] 苗家鸿.3DMAX 实用教程.北京,机械工业出版社,2005
[29] 张瑞新等.虚拟现实技术在矿山安全工程中的研究进展[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(l):12~15
[30] 史先寿,虚拟仿真技术在煤炭安全培训中的应用[J],中国矿业,2003
[31] Holland R,DENBYB,et al.SAFE-VR: A Virtual Reality Safety Training System[A] Golden. Computer Application In The Minerals Industry[C].Colorado: Colorado School of Mines,1999:787
[32] 刘贤梅,黄静,刘晓明.三维动画技术与三维虚拟技术的研究.计算机仿真.2004,21(9):127～130
[33] 罗云、程五一.现代企业安全管理.化工出版社,2004
[34] 刘明坤.三维游戏设计师宝典——Virtools 游戏开发实战篇.汕头,汕头大学出版社,2005
[35] 吴迪,黄文粤.虚拟现实技术的发展过程及研究现状.海洋测绘,2002,22(6)15~17
[36] http://www.virtools.com.cn/web/index.asp
[37] http://www.86vr.com/
[38] http:/ www.vr168.com/
[39] http:/ www.3dmax8.com/
[40] http:/ www.86cg.com/
[2] 曾芬芳.虚拟现实技术.上海交通大学出版社,1997
[3] 戚宜欣,夏征义,汪箭,范维澄.虚拟现实技术在安全工程中的应用.中国安全科学学报,1999.6(9):49-53
[4] 李锦涛著.虚拟环境技术及其应用.北京: 中国铁道出版社出版, 1998.
[5] 曾建超,俞志和.虚拟现实的技术及其应用[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,1996:2-3
[6] 胡小强.虚拟现实技术:北京邮电大学出版社,2005
[7] 陈定方、罗亚波等著.虚拟设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2002 年 6 月:1-2
[8] 张瑞新,任延祥,D Schofield,B Denby,T Walsha.虚拟现实技术在矿山安全工程中的研究进展.煤炭学报,1999.2(1):70-73
[9] B Denby,D Schofield.Role of virtual reality in safety training of mine personnel [J] .Mining Engineering 1999,10:59-64.
[10] Crawshaw S A M,Denby B,McClarnon D. The use of virtual reality to simulate room and pillar operations [J].Coal International,1997,245(1)
[11] Juan A Barcelo.Virtual reality and visualization [J].International Journal of modern Physics.2001.12(4)
[12] 司国海.基于虚拟现实技术井下作业培训系统的研究与实现:[学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2003
[13] 张尚娇,吴咏.虚拟现实技术与虚拟制造系统简述.上海汽车,1999 年(4): 16-18
[14] 邹湘军,孙健,何汉武,郑德涛.虚拟现实技术的演变发展与展望.系统仿真学报,2004.16 (9),1905-1909
[15] 裘伟廷.虚拟现实技术与未来教育培训.中国培训.1999,(8):51～52
[16] 唐秋华,陈定方,孔建益.基于 WTK 的真实感虚拟环境建模方法.湖北工学院学报.2002,17(2):33
[17] 李炯,雷虎民,刘兴堂.基于 Vega 的实时场景渲染技术研究.航天控制.2004,22(2):47
[18] 刘明昆.三维游戏设计师宝典 Virtools 开发工具篇.第一版.四川:四川电子音像出版中心,2005.1～6
[19] 王乐,陈定方,尹念东.基于 VIRTOOLS 的分布式虚拟现实技术研究.湖北工业大学学报.2005,20(3):22～23
[20] 郑长伟,刘高攀,郭齐胜.基于 OpenGVS 4.3 的光照效果研究.计算机仿真.2005,22(7):198
[21] 邢卫卫,李凤霞,战守义.基于 OpenGVS 的城区漫游系统的开发.计算机应用.2005,25(3):727～728
[22] Quantum3D,Inc.OpenGVS Programming Guide.Version 4.4.California :Quantum3D,Inc.,2001.18～20
[23] 张莉.海战仿真控制及视景生成技术的研究与实现.工程硕士学位论文.长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2002.11
[24] 吴家铸,党岗,刘华峰,程志全,阳明.视景仿真技术及应用.第一版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.77～112
[25] MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc. The MultiGen Creator Desktop Tutor. Version 2.3. MultiGen-Paradigm, Inc.,1998.6～11
[26] MultiGen-Paradigm,Inc. OpenFlight Specification. Version 15.6.0.MultiGen-50 Paradigm,Inc.,1998.45～68
[27] 戎蔚.3D MAX 三维设计师案例教程.北京,清华大学出版社,2004
[28] 苗家鸿.3DMAX 实用教程.北京,机械工业出版社,2005
[29] 张瑞新等.虚拟现实技术在矿山安全工程中的研究进展[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(l):12~15
[30] 史先寿,虚拟仿真技术在煤炭安全培训中的应用[J],中国矿业,2003
[31] Holland R,DENBYB,et al.SAFE-VR: A Virtual Reality Safety Training System[A] Golden. Computer Application In The Minerals Industry[C].Colorado: Colorado School of Mines,1999:787
[32] 刘贤梅,黄静,刘晓明.三维动画技术与三维虚拟技术的研究.计算机仿真.2004,21(9):127～130
[33] 罗云、程五一.现代企业安全管理.化工出版社,2004
[34] 刘明坤.三维游戏设计师宝典——Virtools 游戏开发实战篇.汕头,汕头大学出版社,2005
[35] 吴迪,黄文粤.虚拟现实技术的发展过程及研究现状.海洋测绘,2002,22(6)15~17
[36] http://www.virtools.com.cn/web/index.asp
[37] http://www.86vr.com/
[38] http:/ www.vr168.com/
[39] http:/ www.3dmax8.com/
[40] http:/ www.86cg.com/