集装箱起重机仿真训练器的研制开发
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摘要
集装箱起重机仿真训练器是集虚拟现实技术、计算机仿真技术、机械设计技术于一体的高科技产品。在国内尚无任何成功经验借鉴的情况下,上海海运学院课题组在分析了国外同行在该领域的研究及应用情况的基础上,通过独自摸索、实践创新,开发出了适合自身教学需要的两套集装箱起重机仿真训练器:半实物集装箱起重机仿真训练器和全数字集装箱起重机仿真训练器。它的成功研制开发填补了国内在该领域的空白,顺应了港口教学的需求。
     本文主要工作如下:
     1.本文将计算机仿真技术、机械设计技术与起重机仿真训练器的研制结合了起来,在分析一般仿真训练器结构和功能的基础上,介绍了半实物和全数字集装箱起重机仿真训练器的结构与原理。其系统结构和功能不仅适应教学的需求,而且在很多方面都具有自我独创性,为我国起重机仿真训练器的发展开辟了道路。
     2.根据三维视景生成原理,在参考上海外高桥现场、对集装箱起重机结构和性能分析的基础上,采用三维视景建模软件Multigen、OpenGVS对码头进行了3D图像建模,包括各种类型的集装箱起重机,集装箱船,相关设备和其他现场物体(如堆场,集装箱,集装箱卡车,房子等)。
     3.对集装箱装卸桥运行小车工作过程进行分析,建立了“小车—重物”运动学模型,并在此基础上实现了对其运动的交互控制。
     4.碰撞模型是该仿真系统中的一个关键部分。本文通过建立三维坐标系、设置碰撞检测线,很好地解决了吊具运动中的三维碰撞问题,包括碰撞后的吊具运动状态和吊具着箱判断。
     5.通讯功能的实现是本文的难点和重点。针对半实物仿真训练器存在PLC的特点,本文采用GE Fanuc开发的基于Microsoft Windows NT和Windows 95的Cimplicity HIM软件来实现PLC与上位机之间的通讯。
    
    卜海海运学院颀卜学位论义 集装箱起重机仿真训练器的研制开发
     时于通讯中上位机与上位机之间的通讯,不同应用之间通讯,我们分别
     采用 Winsock控件、套接字 (Socket和 DDE动态联接库、共享内存
     技术宋实现。
Container crane training simulator is the high-tech production, integrating virtual reality technology, computer simulation technology and mechanical design technology. There is no any successful experience to use for reference in home. After analyzing research and application in this domain in foreign countries, and through self-thinking, practice and creativity, project group of SMU developed two type of container crane training simulator to meet our teaching: one is hardware-in-the-loop training simulator of container crane, the other is digital training simulator of container crane. Its successful develop make us the trailbreaker in this domain in our country, adapting ourselves to the port teaching.
    The main work of this paper includes the following:
    1. This paper combines crane training simulator with computer simulation and mechanical design, and introduces the structure and theory of hardware-in-the-loop training simulator and digital training simulator of container crane, basing on analyzing the structure and function of general training simulator. Its system structure and function not only meet the need of teaching, but also have self-creativity in many ways, making a good example for our country's developing in crane training simulator.
    2. According to the theory of three-dimensional vision building, with the reference to Shanghai Waigaoqiao Terminal, and after analyzing container crane structure and function, this paper uses three-dimensional vision modeling software Multigen, OpenGVS to construct 3-D graphic models of the port, various types of container cranes, containerships, related equipment and other
    
    
    
    on-the-spot objects (such as yards, containers, container trucks, houses, etc).
    3. On the base of analyzing trolley's moving process, this paper gives the moving model of "trolley-weight". The practical program can realize interactive control.
    4. Collision model is the key part of this simulator system. By building three-dimensional coordinate system, setting collision detecting lines, this paper commendably solves the three-dimensional collision problem during spreader moving, including spreader moving state after collision and spreader landed judgement.
    5. Communication is the keystone and difficulty of this paper. As hardware-in-the-loop training simulator has PLC, this paper use Cimplicity HIM software to realize communication between PLC and computer. This software is developed by GE Fanuc and bases on Microsoft Windows NT / Windows 95. For communication between computer and computer, communication between different applications, we use Winsock control, Socket, DDE, and share-memory technology to realize them respectively.
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