基于地理位置的Ad Hoc网络路由协议研究
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摘要
随着对Ad Hoc网络研究的不断深入,为了摆脱路由协议对拓扑结构的依赖,提出了一种基于地理位置的路由机制。Ad Hoc网络对高速移动的网络环境的适应成为了当前研究的热点。
目前的基于地理位置的位置管理系统要依靠部分或者全部网络节点,很难适应高速移动的网络环境;而贪婪策略和区域受限的包转发算法都要依赖于地理位置信息的良好获得;也没有对节点的移动模型进行建模分析,没有充分考虑节点的移动特性。针对这些不足,在现有基于地理位置的移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的研究基础上,论文提出了一种集中式的位置管理系统,对高速移动状态下的无线Ad Hoc网络节点的位置信息和移动模型进行了深入研究,通过移动模型建模提出了一种新的加权方向受限转发策略。集中式的位置管理系统使节点地理位置信息的获得更加有效,同时通用加权方向受限包转发算法考虑了节点移动性和链路移动性两方面因素,保证了路由的节能和稳定,使得协议更具稳定和健壮。
经在OPNET中对该算法进行仿真,确定了在不同网络拓扑环境下路由性能达到最优时的参数。仿真验证了集中式位置管理服务模式的可行性,表明CSAMP协议是一种有效的健壮的协议,适应于高密度和高速移动的网络环境。
The research of Ad Hoc network becomes more and more deeply gradually. Domestic and overseas scholars put forward a kind of address based routing protocol so as to break away from the infection of net topology . That how to make it be fit to the highly mobile net circumstance becomes a hotspot now.
The existing address based routing protocols for Ad Hoc network have two import problems: strategy of address information getting and data transmitting .But the existing strategy of address information getting depend on partial or all nodes ,they cann't adapt well to High-mobile network ;The greedy and zone limiting must depend on favorable address informations .And they did not consider the node's mobile performance because they did not analyse the node's mobile model. Aimming at these shortages ,based on the research of the exisiting routing protocols .This dissertation brings forward a concentricity address serve mode .And work over the node's address information and the mobile model penetrability, finally brings forward a Power assistant direction limiting transmitting strategy .The concentricity address serve mode makes address information services simplify .The strategy of transmitting makes this protocol more steady and powerful as it thinks over node's mobile velocity and direction adequately.
At last we make use of computer emulate tools to confirm the parameters when the performance of this protocol reaching optimization .And approve the validity and stability of the concentricity address serve mode and this protocol.
目前的基于地理位置的位置管理系统要依靠部分或者全部网络节点,很难适应高速移动的网络环境;而贪婪策略和区域受限的包转发算法都要依赖于地理位置信息的良好获得;也没有对节点的移动模型进行建模分析,没有充分考虑节点的移动特性。针对这些不足,在现有基于地理位置的移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的研究基础上,论文提出了一种集中式的位置管理系统,对高速移动状态下的无线Ad Hoc网络节点的位置信息和移动模型进行了深入研究,通过移动模型建模提出了一种新的加权方向受限转发策略。集中式的位置管理系统使节点地理位置信息的获得更加有效,同时通用加权方向受限包转发算法考虑了节点移动性和链路移动性两方面因素,保证了路由的节能和稳定,使得协议更具稳定和健壮。
经在OPNET中对该算法进行仿真,确定了在不同网络拓扑环境下路由性能达到最优时的参数。仿真验证了集中式位置管理服务模式的可行性,表明CSAMP协议是一种有效的健壮的协议,适应于高密度和高速移动的网络环境。
The research of Ad Hoc network becomes more and more deeply gradually. Domestic and overseas scholars put forward a kind of address based routing protocol so as to break away from the infection of net topology . That how to make it be fit to the highly mobile net circumstance becomes a hotspot now.
The existing address based routing protocols for Ad Hoc network have two import problems: strategy of address information getting and data transmitting .But the existing strategy of address information getting depend on partial or all nodes ,they cann't adapt well to High-mobile network ;The greedy and zone limiting must depend on favorable address informations .And they did not consider the node's mobile performance because they did not analyse the node's mobile model. Aimming at these shortages ,based on the research of the exisiting routing protocols .This dissertation brings forward a concentricity address serve mode .And work over the node's address information and the mobile model penetrability, finally brings forward a Power assistant direction limiting transmitting strategy .The concentricity address serve mode makes address information services simplify .The strategy of transmitting makes this protocol more steady and powerful as it thinks over node's mobile velocity and direction adequately.
At last we make use of computer emulate tools to confirm the parameters when the performance of this protocol reaching optimization .And approve the validity and stability of the concentricity address serve mode and this protocol.
引文
[1]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰.Ad Hoc网络技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005,1-14
[2]F.Baker.An outsider's view of MANET.IETF Internet-Draft,2002,12-26
[3]IEEE STD 802.11.1999,1233-1257
[4]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程.清华大学出版社,2004,23-25
[5]Kaveh Pahlavan,Prashant Krishanamurthy.无线网络通信原理及应用.清华大学出版社,2002,45-49
[6]英春,史美林.自组织网络的体系结构.通信学报,1999,20(9):47-54
[7]谢希仁.计算机网络.电子工业出版社,1999,354-366
[8]任长明.自组织网络分簇路由协议研究.人民邮电出版社,2004.138-166
[9]王海涛.自组织网络体系结构与分簇算法研究:[博士学位论文].解放军理工大学,2003,45-57
[10]土金龙,土呈贵,吴启晖等.自组织移动无线网络.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,14-25
[11]赵志峰.基于双信道的自组织网络信道接入协议研究.[博士学位论文].解放军理工大学,2002,37-42
[12]梁钊.ALOHA随机多址通信技术从纯ALOHA到扩展ALOHA移动通信.通信学报,1999,18(7):17-20
[13]王海涛,郑少仁.自组织网络中的多路径传输机制.中国数据通信,2003,15(7):57-62
[14]安辉耀,卢锡城.移动自组网络多路径路由技术研究进展.计算机工程与科学,2006,28(2):4-7
[15]黎宁.自组织网络节能机制研究.[博士学位论文].解放军理工大学,2002,36-42
[16]史景伦,张凌.自组织网络中的一种独立多路径路由算法.计算机工 程,2003,14-15
[17]舒炎泰,高德石,王雷.无线自组织网络中的多径源路由.电子学报,2002,30(2):12-14
[18]S.Chakrabarti,A.Mishra.QoS Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2001,142-148
[19]李云,赵为粮,隆克平.无线自组织网络支持QoS的研究的进展与展望.软件学报,2004,15(12):18-20
[20]王建新,陈松乔,陈建二等.基于QoS的随机源选路由算法研究.小型微型计算机系统,2001,22(8):31-35
[21]赵志峰,郑少仁.自组织网络面临的挑战及其对策.中国数据通信,2004,15(7):45-51
[22]姜一,高海峰,张根度.基于安全和QoS的自组织网络路由协议分析.计算机工程,2005,31(15):99-102
[23]邓刚,何遵文.自组织网络技术和应用.南阳师范学院学报,2005,4(3):79-85
[24]Elizabeth M.Royer.A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks.IEEE Personal Communications,1999,44- 56
[25]IETF RFC2501.Mobile Ad Hoe Networking(MANET):Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations,1997,1405-1413
[26]Perkins C E.Bhagwat P.Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing(DSDV)for Mobile Computers Comp Comm.Rev,2003,234-244
[27]Kleinrock L.A review of Cluster Head Gateway Switch Routing protocol.IEEE Transacations on Communications,2003,456-461
[28]J,Broch,D.B.Johnson,D.A.Maltz.The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoe networks IETF.Internet-Draft,1998,345-365
[29]C.E.Perkins.E.M.Royer.Ad Hoc on demand distance vector routing.IEEE WMCSA,1999,90- 100
[30]王海涛,郑少仁.移动自组织网络路由协议及其性能比较.重庆邮电学院学报,2002,12(2):23-25
[31]Ko.Young-Bae,H.Vaidya Nitin.Location-Aided Routing(LAR)in mobile Ad Hoc networks Proe.ACM/IEEE MobiCom,2002,66-75
[32]Stefano Basagni,Imrich Chlamtac,Violet R.Syrotiuk.A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility(DREAM)Proc.ACM/IEEE MobiCom,2003,76-84
[33]沈长星.基于地理位置的无线自组织网络路由协议研究.[硕士学位论文],北京邮电大学,200,34-36
[34]Guangyu Pei,M.Gerla and Tsu-Wei Chen.Fisheye State Routing:A Routing Scheme for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.IEEE Trans on Mobile Computing,2003,70-74
[35]Y-B Ko and N H Vaidya.Loeation-aided routing(LAR)in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.Proe of IEEE Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2001,171-190
[36]S Basagni.A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility(DREAM).Proc of IEEE Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2001,21-32.
[37]Kui Wu and Janelle Harms.Location Trace Aided Routting in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.IEEE,2003,180-184
[38]Cao Ying lie,Xie Shengli.A position based beaconless routing algorithm for mobile Ad Hoe networks.ICCCAS,HongKong,2005,303-307
[39]Kaip B and Kung HT.GPSR:Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2000,243-254
[40]Cardei M,Wu J.Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks.Ilyas MM agboubieds.Handbook of Sensor Networks,2004
[41]Slijepcevic S,Potkonjak M.Power efficient organization of wireless sensor networks.Glisic Sed Proe of the IEEE Int Conf on Communications (ICC),2001,472-476
[42]Huang CF,T seng YC.A survey of solutions to the coverage problems in wireless sensor network.Journal of Internet Technology,2005,6(1):1-8
[43]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005,23-44
[44]朱华统.GPS坐标系统的变换.北京:测绘出版社,1994.75-89
[45]施光燕,董加礼.最优化方法.北京:高等教育出版,2002,143- 147
[46]陈志平,徐宗本.计算机数学计算复杂性理论与NPC.NP难问题的求解.北京科学出版社,2001,56-58
[47]姜启源.数学模型.北京:清华大学出版社,1999,1-3
[48]朱旭红,卢学军.宽带CDMA:第三代移动通信技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001,149-157
[49]章坚武.移动通信.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003,146-151
[50]赵金晶,朱培栋.自组织网络移动模型及其应用.计算机工程与科学,2005,27(5):15-17
[51]Timo Halonen,Javier Romero,Juan Melero.彭木根译.GSM,GPRS和EDGE系统及其关键技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004,201-211
[52]陈佳华,李广林.移动自组网中的移动模型.计算机与现代化,200,12(3):45-48
[53]Christian B.Smooth is better than Sharp:a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks.The 4th ACM International Workshop on Modeling,Analysis,and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems,Rome,Ttaly,2001:19-27
[54]朱小锋.自组织网络移动模型的研究.[硕士毕业论文],大连理工大学,2006,24-36
[55]张行文,孙宝林.自组织网络移动模型研究.计算机工程与应用,2006,42(29):126-128
[56]Wang B,Yan B Y,Yuan D H.The basic study of the features of the Ad Hoc nodes mobility model.Journal of Sichuan University,2006,42(1):68-72
[57]赵金晶,朱培栋.Ad Hoc网络移动模型研究及其应用.计算机工程与科学,2005,27(5):15-17
[58]Jim M N,Yan Z.Reference region group mobility model for Ad Hoc networks.IEEE,Singapore,Nanyang Technological University,2005,780-809
[59]L.A.Getting The Global Positioning System.IEEE Spectrum.2003,36-47
[60]Douglas E.Comer.Computer Networks and Internets Second Edition,2000
[61]REN Yan,ZHANG.Si-Dong,ZHANG Hong-Ke.The ories and algorithms of coverage control for wireless sensor networks.Journal of Software,2006,17(3):422-433
[62]李方敏,李仁发,叶澄清.网络仿真软件NS的研究与应用.微计算机应用,2001,22(1):1-7
[63]土文博,张金文.OPNET Modeler与网络仿真.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,36-46
[2]F.Baker.An outsider's view of MANET.IETF Internet-Draft,2002,12-26
[3]IEEE STD 802.11.1999,1233-1257
[4]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程.清华大学出版社,2004,23-25
[5]Kaveh Pahlavan,Prashant Krishanamurthy.无线网络通信原理及应用.清华大学出版社,2002,45-49
[6]英春,史美林.自组织网络的体系结构.通信学报,1999,20(9):47-54
[7]谢希仁.计算机网络.电子工业出版社,1999,354-366
[8]任长明.自组织网络分簇路由协议研究.人民邮电出版社,2004.138-166
[9]王海涛.自组织网络体系结构与分簇算法研究:[博士学位论文].解放军理工大学,2003,45-57
[10]土金龙,土呈贵,吴启晖等.自组织移动无线网络.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,14-25
[11]赵志峰.基于双信道的自组织网络信道接入协议研究.[博士学位论文].解放军理工大学,2002,37-42
[12]梁钊.ALOHA随机多址通信技术从纯ALOHA到扩展ALOHA移动通信.通信学报,1999,18(7):17-20
[13]王海涛,郑少仁.自组织网络中的多路径传输机制.中国数据通信,2003,15(7):57-62
[14]安辉耀,卢锡城.移动自组网络多路径路由技术研究进展.计算机工程与科学,2006,28(2):4-7
[15]黎宁.自组织网络节能机制研究.[博士学位论文].解放军理工大学,2002,36-42
[16]史景伦,张凌.自组织网络中的一种独立多路径路由算法.计算机工 程,2003,14-15
[17]舒炎泰,高德石,王雷.无线自组织网络中的多径源路由.电子学报,2002,30(2):12-14
[18]S.Chakrabarti,A.Mishra.QoS Issues In Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2001,142-148
[19]李云,赵为粮,隆克平.无线自组织网络支持QoS的研究的进展与展望.软件学报,2004,15(12):18-20
[20]王建新,陈松乔,陈建二等.基于QoS的随机源选路由算法研究.小型微型计算机系统,2001,22(8):31-35
[21]赵志峰,郑少仁.自组织网络面临的挑战及其对策.中国数据通信,2004,15(7):45-51
[22]姜一,高海峰,张根度.基于安全和QoS的自组织网络路由协议分析.计算机工程,2005,31(15):99-102
[23]邓刚,何遵文.自组织网络技术和应用.南阳师范学院学报,2005,4(3):79-85
[24]Elizabeth M.Royer.A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks.IEEE Personal Communications,1999,44- 56
[25]IETF RFC2501.Mobile Ad Hoe Networking(MANET):Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations,1997,1405-1413
[26]Perkins C E.Bhagwat P.Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing(DSDV)for Mobile Computers Comp Comm.Rev,2003,234-244
[27]Kleinrock L.A review of Cluster Head Gateway Switch Routing protocol.IEEE Transacations on Communications,2003,456-461
[28]J,Broch,D.B.Johnson,D.A.Maltz.The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoe networks IETF.Internet-Draft,1998,345-365
[29]C.E.Perkins.E.M.Royer.Ad Hoc on demand distance vector routing.IEEE WMCSA,1999,90- 100
[30]王海涛,郑少仁.移动自组织网络路由协议及其性能比较.重庆邮电学院学报,2002,12(2):23-25
[31]Ko.Young-Bae,H.Vaidya Nitin.Location-Aided Routing(LAR)in mobile Ad Hoc networks Proe.ACM/IEEE MobiCom,2002,66-75
[32]Stefano Basagni,Imrich Chlamtac,Violet R.Syrotiuk.A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility(DREAM)Proc.ACM/IEEE MobiCom,2003,76-84
[33]沈长星.基于地理位置的无线自组织网络路由协议研究.[硕士学位论文],北京邮电大学,200,34-36
[34]Guangyu Pei,M.Gerla and Tsu-Wei Chen.Fisheye State Routing:A Routing Scheme for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.IEEE Trans on Mobile Computing,2003,70-74
[35]Y-B Ko and N H Vaidya.Loeation-aided routing(LAR)in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.Proe of IEEE Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2001,171-190
[36]S Basagni.A Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility(DREAM).Proc of IEEE Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2001,21-32.
[37]Kui Wu and Janelle Harms.Location Trace Aided Routting in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.IEEE,2003,180-184
[38]Cao Ying lie,Xie Shengli.A position based beaconless routing algorithm for mobile Ad Hoe networks.ICCCAS,HongKong,2005,303-307
[39]Kaip B and Kung HT.GPSR:Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,2000,243-254
[40]Cardei M,Wu J.Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks.Ilyas MM agboubieds.Handbook of Sensor Networks,2004
[41]Slijepcevic S,Potkonjak M.Power efficient organization of wireless sensor networks.Glisic Sed Proe of the IEEE Int Conf on Communications (ICC),2001,472-476
[42]Huang CF,T seng YC.A survey of solutions to the coverage problems in wireless sensor network.Journal of Internet Technology,2005,6(1):1-8
[43]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005,23-44
[44]朱华统.GPS坐标系统的变换.北京:测绘出版社,1994.75-89
[45]施光燕,董加礼.最优化方法.北京:高等教育出版,2002,143- 147
[46]陈志平,徐宗本.计算机数学计算复杂性理论与NPC.NP难问题的求解.北京科学出版社,2001,56-58
[47]姜启源.数学模型.北京:清华大学出版社,1999,1-3
[48]朱旭红,卢学军.宽带CDMA:第三代移动通信技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001,149-157
[49]章坚武.移动通信.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003,146-151
[50]赵金晶,朱培栋.自组织网络移动模型及其应用.计算机工程与科学,2005,27(5):15-17
[51]Timo Halonen,Javier Romero,Juan Melero.彭木根译.GSM,GPRS和EDGE系统及其关键技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004,201-211
[52]陈佳华,李广林.移动自组网中的移动模型.计算机与现代化,200,12(3):45-48
[53]Christian B.Smooth is better than Sharp:a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks.The 4th ACM International Workshop on Modeling,Analysis,and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems,Rome,Ttaly,2001:19-27
[54]朱小锋.自组织网络移动模型的研究.[硕士毕业论文],大连理工大学,2006,24-36
[55]张行文,孙宝林.自组织网络移动模型研究.计算机工程与应用,2006,42(29):126-128
[56]Wang B,Yan B Y,Yuan D H.The basic study of the features of the Ad Hoc nodes mobility model.Journal of Sichuan University,2006,42(1):68-72
[57]赵金晶,朱培栋.Ad Hoc网络移动模型研究及其应用.计算机工程与科学,2005,27(5):15-17
[58]Jim M N,Yan Z.Reference region group mobility model for Ad Hoc networks.IEEE,Singapore,Nanyang Technological University,2005,780-809
[59]L.A.Getting The Global Positioning System.IEEE Spectrum.2003,36-47
[60]Douglas E.Comer.Computer Networks and Internets Second Edition,2000
[61]REN Yan,ZHANG.Si-Dong,ZHANG Hong-Ke.The ories and algorithms of coverage control for wireless sensor networks.Journal of Software,2006,17(3):422-433
[62]李方敏,李仁发,叶澄清.网络仿真软件NS的研究与应用.微计算机应用,2001,22(1):1-7
[63]土文博,张金文.OPNET Modeler与网络仿真.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,36-46