S家电公司逆向物流体系构建与运作模式的研究
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摘要
逆向物流是社会经济实现可持续发展的主要环节之一,也是企业应对环境保护压力、降低成本、提高顾客满意度的现实选择,己成为物流及供应链管理理论的重要补充,具有广泛的应用前景和良好的社会效益。
本文首先简单的介绍逆向物流的意义,综合论述了国内外关于逆向物流的研究现况。结合家电行业的特点,针对S家电公司产品回收的现状,分析了存在的问题,依据供应链管理理论研究了S家电公司逆向物流系统建模和运作模式。主要研究内容包括:
1.根据逆向物流的产生与内涵,结合家电行业的特点,分析家电行业实施逆向物流的意义;研究在供应链管理下企业逆向物流的运作模式和体系结构。
2.通过对S家电公司的运营现况和逆向物流管理现况分析,提出S家电公司逆向物流管理中存在的问题。结合SWOT分析,对S家电公司逆向物流进行策略研究。
3.在进行S家电公司逆向物流系统建模的研究中,针对处理中心回收量的控制问题,采用灰色预测法定量分析了年度回收量预测,并定性的分析了每月回收量波动大的问题,提出了有效控制地解决方案;同时采用位置量度法研究了处理中心的选址问题,并引入了城市等级的概念对运输网络建设进行了深入地研究;针对入口控制体系的建设,分析构建了S家电公司逆向物流总体流程及相应环节的建设;通过分析处理中心的布局、流程、投资等问题,建立了逆向物流信息系统的结构模型,以实现“三流”集成的逆向物流系统的控制机制。
4.研究了S家电公司逆向物流的运作模式,主要分为三个部分:首先,介绍了目前逆向物流存在的三种运作模式,并比较了三种模式的优缺点;其次,应用了层次分析法确定了适合S家电公司的逆向物流运作模式;最后,运行的新模式和旧模式进行了对比分析,说明新模式下的可行性。
最后得到的主要结论:
1.逆向物流的研究应在闭合供应链体系下进行研究,并结合信息流/物流/资金流的集成,实现可操作性的运作管理模式。
2.逆向物流运作模式的选择应当充分考虑其影响因素和企业的适应性。
Reverse logistics is one of the key links to maintain sustainable development for social economy, and also the realistic option for companies coping with the problems such as pressure of the environmental protection, cost reduction and improvement of customer satisfaction. It has become the important supplement of the theory of logistics and supply chain management and has extensive application prospects and favorable social returns.
In the beginning of the thesis, the meaning of reverse logistics was presented, and the research actuality of reverse logistics both home and abroad was introduced. Then combining with the characteristics of the household appliances, the actuality of household appliances recall and reverse of S Household Appliances Company was analyzed and the problems were discussed. The reverse logistics system modeling of household appliances of S Household Appliances Company and its operating model were analyzed based on the supply chain management. The main contents of the research were as follows:
1. According to the origin and connotation of reverse logistics, and combining with the characteristics of the household appliances, the significance of applying reverse logistics to the household appliances was analyzed. Also, the operating model and system architecture of reverse logistics was built.
2. Through analyzing the actuality of operation and reverse logistics management in the S Household Appliances Company , the problems in reverse logistic management of household appliances of S Household Appliances Company were proposed. Applying SWOT analysis the strategies of the reverse logistics within the S Household Appliances Company were studied.
3. During the research in the modeling of the reverse logistics system of S Household Appliances Company, for the control of recall amount in processing center, forecasting of annual recall amount was analyzed quantitatively using grey forecasting model, and large fluctuation of recall amount per month was analyzed, then solutions of realizing effective control were proposed. Meanwhile, site selection of the process center was studied using actor analysis method, and the construction of transportation network was studied intensively adapting the conception of City Level. Also, for the construction of entrance control system, the construction of overview flow and corresponding links of S Household Appliances Company was analyzed. Finally, through analyzing the layout, flow and investment, the structure model of information system of the reverse logistics was established to realize the control mechanism of the reverse logistics system integrated with information flow, material flow and fund flow.
4. The operational model of the reverse logistics of S Household Appliances Company was researched. The study was composed of three parts: firstly, three models of the reverse logistics were introduced and the advantages and weaknesses of the three models were compared; secondly; applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the proper optional model of reverse logistics for S Household Appliances Company was determined, lastly, comparing the new model with the old model, the feasibility of the new model were proposed.
In the end, main conclusions of the thesis were drawn:
1. The research of reverse logistics model should be done under the closed loop supply chain system, and operation management model is feasibility under integration of the information flow, logistics, and capital flow.
2. The choice of the operational model of reverse logistics of household appliances should be considering of the impact of key factors and adaptability for different company.
本文首先简单的介绍逆向物流的意义,综合论述了国内外关于逆向物流的研究现况。结合家电行业的特点,针对S家电公司产品回收的现状,分析了存在的问题,依据供应链管理理论研究了S家电公司逆向物流系统建模和运作模式。主要研究内容包括:
1.根据逆向物流的产生与内涵,结合家电行业的特点,分析家电行业实施逆向物流的意义;研究在供应链管理下企业逆向物流的运作模式和体系结构。
2.通过对S家电公司的运营现况和逆向物流管理现况分析,提出S家电公司逆向物流管理中存在的问题。结合SWOT分析,对S家电公司逆向物流进行策略研究。
3.在进行S家电公司逆向物流系统建模的研究中,针对处理中心回收量的控制问题,采用灰色预测法定量分析了年度回收量预测,并定性的分析了每月回收量波动大的问题,提出了有效控制地解决方案;同时采用位置量度法研究了处理中心的选址问题,并引入了城市等级的概念对运输网络建设进行了深入地研究;针对入口控制体系的建设,分析构建了S家电公司逆向物流总体流程及相应环节的建设;通过分析处理中心的布局、流程、投资等问题,建立了逆向物流信息系统的结构模型,以实现“三流”集成的逆向物流系统的控制机制。
4.研究了S家电公司逆向物流的运作模式,主要分为三个部分:首先,介绍了目前逆向物流存在的三种运作模式,并比较了三种模式的优缺点;其次,应用了层次分析法确定了适合S家电公司的逆向物流运作模式;最后,运行的新模式和旧模式进行了对比分析,说明新模式下的可行性。
最后得到的主要结论:
1.逆向物流的研究应在闭合供应链体系下进行研究,并结合信息流/物流/资金流的集成,实现可操作性的运作管理模式。
2.逆向物流运作模式的选择应当充分考虑其影响因素和企业的适应性。
Reverse logistics is one of the key links to maintain sustainable development for social economy, and also the realistic option for companies coping with the problems such as pressure of the environmental protection, cost reduction and improvement of customer satisfaction. It has become the important supplement of the theory of logistics and supply chain management and has extensive application prospects and favorable social returns.
In the beginning of the thesis, the meaning of reverse logistics was presented, and the research actuality of reverse logistics both home and abroad was introduced. Then combining with the characteristics of the household appliances, the actuality of household appliances recall and reverse of S Household Appliances Company was analyzed and the problems were discussed. The reverse logistics system modeling of household appliances of S Household Appliances Company and its operating model were analyzed based on the supply chain management. The main contents of the research were as follows:
1. According to the origin and connotation of reverse logistics, and combining with the characteristics of the household appliances, the significance of applying reverse logistics to the household appliances was analyzed. Also, the operating model and system architecture of reverse logistics was built.
2. Through analyzing the actuality of operation and reverse logistics management in the S Household Appliances Company , the problems in reverse logistic management of household appliances of S Household Appliances Company were proposed. Applying SWOT analysis the strategies of the reverse logistics within the S Household Appliances Company were studied.
3. During the research in the modeling of the reverse logistics system of S Household Appliances Company, for the control of recall amount in processing center, forecasting of annual recall amount was analyzed quantitatively using grey forecasting model, and large fluctuation of recall amount per month was analyzed, then solutions of realizing effective control were proposed. Meanwhile, site selection of the process center was studied using actor analysis method, and the construction of transportation network was studied intensively adapting the conception of City Level. Also, for the construction of entrance control system, the construction of overview flow and corresponding links of S Household Appliances Company was analyzed. Finally, through analyzing the layout, flow and investment, the structure model of information system of the reverse logistics was established to realize the control mechanism of the reverse logistics system integrated with information flow, material flow and fund flow.
4. The operational model of the reverse logistics of S Household Appliances Company was researched. The study was composed of three parts: firstly, three models of the reverse logistics were introduced and the advantages and weaknesses of the three models were compared; secondly; applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the proper optional model of reverse logistics for S Household Appliances Company was determined, lastly, comparing the new model with the old model, the feasibility of the new model were proposed.
In the end, main conclusions of the thesis were drawn:
1. The research of reverse logistics model should be done under the closed loop supply chain system, and operation management model is feasibility under integration of the information flow, logistics, and capital flow.
2. The choice of the operational model of reverse logistics of household appliances should be considering of the impact of key factors and adaptability for different company.
引文
[1]岳辉.企业逆向物流管理信息系统初探,武汉市经济管理干部学院学报,2004(6):55~56.
[2]盛鑫.企业内部逆向物流处理系统研究,时代经贸,2008,6(93).
[3]过秀成,谢实海,胡斌.区域物流需求分析模型及其算法,东南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,3(3).
[4]刘秉镰.基于价值量的物流需求分析与预测方法研究,中国软科学,2004(5):67~73.
[5]沈欣,刘乔.家电逆向物流的类型及驱动因素,北方经贸,2008(7):82~83.
[6]贺国光,王晨萌.逆向物流回收中心选址的新方法,沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版2008,1:77~82.
[7]常军,胡明礼.逆向物流运作机理与一般过程,淮阴师范学院学报,2008,30:609~612.
[8]邱奇.逆向物流专业处理中心建设研究,现代物流/物流技术与战略,2006,(20):99~104.
[9] Ferguson N,Browne J.Issues in end-of-life product recovery and reverse logistics, Production Planning and Control,Volume12,Nomber5,1 July 2001.534~547.
[10] Tibben-Lembke R.S.Life after death:reverse logistics and the product life cycle.International Journal of Physical Distribution & logistics Management,Volume 32,Number 3,May 2002.223~244(22).
[11] Amy Hing,Ling Laua, Hon-Shiang Laub.The effects of reducing demand uncertainty in a manufacturer–retailer channel for single-period products(J).Computers & Operations Research,2000.
[12] Anshuman Gupta, Costas D. Maranas. Managing demand uncertainty in supply chain planning (J). Computers & Chemical Engineering,2003.
[13] Maria Isabel Gomes Salema, Ana Paula Barbosa-Povoa, Augusto Q. Novais. An optimization model for the design of a capacitated multi-product reverse logistics network with uncertainty (J), European Journal of operational research,2005.
[14] Beullens,Patrick1.reverse logistics in effective recovery of products from waste materials.Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology,Volume3,Number 4, December 2004.283~306(24).
[15]Mukhopakhyay S.K.Setoputro R. Reverse logistics in e-business;Optimal price and return policy.International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,Volume 34,number1,January 2004.70~89(20).
[16]张新颖,郑明.回收物流,北京:中国物资出版社,2003.
[17]曾凡婷,孙蛟.浅析逆向物流,物流技术,2003(10):24~26.
[18]岳辉,陈宇.第三方逆向物流决策研究,物流技术,2004.
[19]仲维庆.企业逆向物流运营模式的选择标准,北方经贸,2008(8):62~63.
[20]杨艳萍,刘福星.基于逆向物流的管理信息系统设计及实现,物流科技,2008,(1): 49~51.
[21]寇小萱,郑晓静,李敏.闭环供应链的价值分析,天津商学院学报,2007,27(1):35~42.
[22]邱若臻,黄小.闭环供应链结构问题研究进展,管理评论,2007年:49~55.
[23]李艳.国外逆向物流的发展及其对我国的启示,2006(4):116~117.
[24]赵会军.江斌.逆向物流.中国物流与采购,2003(18).
[25]柳键.供应链的逆向物流,商业经济与管理,2002,(6).
[26]杨汝梁.逆向物流的形成原因及价值分析,企业经济,2006(3):25~27.
[27]刘彦平.逆向物流与闭环供应链管理问题研究,经济学研究,2006.05.
[28] BowmanJ.R.,From Cash to Cash:TheUltimate Supply-Chain Measurement Tool,Global Logistics & Supply Chain Strategies,2001,5(6):47
[29] Leslie Hansen Harps,Getting a Good Return bound Logistics,2001,21(1):185~194.
[30] DeBrito,M.P.,DekkerR.,Reverse Logistics-a framework〔R〕,Econometric Institute Report,EI,2002:38.
[31]〕StockJ.R.,Development and implementation of reverse logistics programs,OakBrook,Illinois.Council of Logistics Management,1998.15~20.
[32]赵宜,林彪.企业逆向物流模式研究,西华大学学报(哲学杜会科学版),2007.08 :74~76
[33]孙秋菊.逆向物流在我国发展的障碍分析,中国流通经济,2006.(9):20~23.
[34]米宁.基于逆向物流管理的产品回收网络规划研究,[硕士学位论文]·大连海事大学.
[35]张新颖,郑明.回收物流,中国物资出版社,2003.
[36]李长江.物流中心设计与运作,中国物资出版社,2005.
[37]威廉史蒂文森.生产与运作管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[38]亚德里安斯莱沃斯基等.发现利润区,北京:中信出版社,2000.
[39]马士华、林勇、陈志祥.供应链管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[40] (英)查尔斯,盖伊,詹姆斯,艾辛格.企业外包模式,北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[41]朱军伟,胡天军.我国企业发展逆向物流的SWOT分析,2007年2期.
[42]李慧婷.物流产业发展的新热点,合作经济与科技,2006:4~6.
[43]张凤荣.绿色物流在企业中的实施,理论界,2006:53-54.
[44]袁平红.我国逆向物流发展的国外经验借鉴,物流科技,2005:84~87.
[45]朱锋,黄红星.逆向物流网络结构研究,山西科技,2007年第一期:34~35.
[46]包鹏程.含逆向物流的库存控制研究,[硕士学位论文],上海海事大学.
[47]范江华.企业逆向物流运作方式研究,[硕士学位论文],上海海事大学.
[48]王云儿.对企业构建逆向物流的探讨,[硕士学位论文],西南交通大学.
[49]邓云霞.企业逆向物流模式的决策研究,[硕士学位论文],上海海事大学.
[50]弋志刚.基于供应链的逆向物流管理的关键因素与作业流程模型研究,[硕士学位论文],四川大学.
[51]吴枚,刘金兰,刘立旺.如何进行反向物流管理,综合运输,2003,3.
[52]柳键.供应链的逆向物流,商业经济与管理,2002.Vol.128 No.6.
[53]王长琼.国外逆向物流的经济价值及管理策略初探,外国经济与管理,2003,8.
[54]赵显卿、夏守长、奚立峰.产品再制造特征的研究,新技术新工艺,2003,1.
[55]向盛斌.逆向物流与环境保护,物流技术, 2001.1总第106期.
[2]盛鑫.企业内部逆向物流处理系统研究,时代经贸,2008,6(93).
[3]过秀成,谢实海,胡斌.区域物流需求分析模型及其算法,东南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,3(3).
[4]刘秉镰.基于价值量的物流需求分析与预测方法研究,中国软科学,2004(5):67~73.
[5]沈欣,刘乔.家电逆向物流的类型及驱动因素,北方经贸,2008(7):82~83.
[6]贺国光,王晨萌.逆向物流回收中心选址的新方法,沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版2008,1:77~82.
[7]常军,胡明礼.逆向物流运作机理与一般过程,淮阴师范学院学报,2008,30:609~612.
[8]邱奇.逆向物流专业处理中心建设研究,现代物流/物流技术与战略,2006,(20):99~104.
[9] Ferguson N,Browne J.Issues in end-of-life product recovery and reverse logistics, Production Planning and Control,Volume12,Nomber5,1 July 2001.534~547.
[10] Tibben-Lembke R.S.Life after death:reverse logistics and the product life cycle.International Journal of Physical Distribution & logistics Management,Volume 32,Number 3,May 2002.223~244(22).
[11] Amy Hing,Ling Laua, Hon-Shiang Laub.The effects of reducing demand uncertainty in a manufacturer–retailer channel for single-period products(J).Computers & Operations Research,2000.
[12] Anshuman Gupta, Costas D. Maranas. Managing demand uncertainty in supply chain planning (J). Computers & Chemical Engineering,2003.
[13] Maria Isabel Gomes Salema, Ana Paula Barbosa-Povoa, Augusto Q. Novais. An optimization model for the design of a capacitated multi-product reverse logistics network with uncertainty (J), European Journal of operational research,2005.
[14] Beullens,Patrick1.reverse logistics in effective recovery of products from waste materials.Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology,Volume3,Number 4, December 2004.283~306(24).
[15]Mukhopakhyay S.K.Setoputro R. Reverse logistics in e-business;Optimal price and return policy.International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management,Volume 34,number1,January 2004.70~89(20).
[16]张新颖,郑明.回收物流,北京:中国物资出版社,2003.
[17]曾凡婷,孙蛟.浅析逆向物流,物流技术,2003(10):24~26.
[18]岳辉,陈宇.第三方逆向物流决策研究,物流技术,2004.
[19]仲维庆.企业逆向物流运营模式的选择标准,北方经贸,2008(8):62~63.
[20]杨艳萍,刘福星.基于逆向物流的管理信息系统设计及实现,物流科技,2008,(1): 49~51.
[21]寇小萱,郑晓静,李敏.闭环供应链的价值分析,天津商学院学报,2007,27(1):35~42.
[22]邱若臻,黄小.闭环供应链结构问题研究进展,管理评论,2007年:49~55.
[23]李艳.国外逆向物流的发展及其对我国的启示,2006(4):116~117.
[24]赵会军.江斌.逆向物流.中国物流与采购,2003(18).
[25]柳键.供应链的逆向物流,商业经济与管理,2002,(6).
[26]杨汝梁.逆向物流的形成原因及价值分析,企业经济,2006(3):25~27.
[27]刘彦平.逆向物流与闭环供应链管理问题研究,经济学研究,2006.05.
[28] BowmanJ.R.,From Cash to Cash:TheUltimate Supply-Chain Measurement Tool,Global Logistics & Supply Chain Strategies,2001,5(6):47
[29] Leslie Hansen Harps,Getting a Good Return bound Logistics,2001,21(1):185~194.
[30] DeBrito,M.P.,DekkerR.,Reverse Logistics-a framework〔R〕,Econometric Institute Report,EI,2002:38.
[31]〕StockJ.R.,Development and implementation of reverse logistics programs,OakBrook,Illinois.Council of Logistics Management,1998.15~20.
[32]赵宜,林彪.企业逆向物流模式研究,西华大学学报(哲学杜会科学版),2007.08 :74~76
[33]孙秋菊.逆向物流在我国发展的障碍分析,中国流通经济,2006.(9):20~23.
[34]米宁.基于逆向物流管理的产品回收网络规划研究,[硕士学位论文]·大连海事大学.
[35]张新颖,郑明.回收物流,中国物资出版社,2003.
[36]李长江.物流中心设计与运作,中国物资出版社,2005.
[37]威廉史蒂文森.生产与运作管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[38]亚德里安斯莱沃斯基等.发现利润区,北京:中信出版社,2000.
[39]马士华、林勇、陈志祥.供应链管理,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[40] (英)查尔斯,盖伊,詹姆斯,艾辛格.企业外包模式,北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[41]朱军伟,胡天军.我国企业发展逆向物流的SWOT分析,2007年2期.
[42]李慧婷.物流产业发展的新热点,合作经济与科技,2006:4~6.
[43]张凤荣.绿色物流在企业中的实施,理论界,2006:53-54.
[44]袁平红.我国逆向物流发展的国外经验借鉴,物流科技,2005:84~87.
[45]朱锋,黄红星.逆向物流网络结构研究,山西科技,2007年第一期:34~35.
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