基于独立旋转车轮的直线电机转向架性能研究
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摘要
城市轨道交通以其安全、高效、节能及环保等特点成为现代城市公共交通的重要组成部分。近年来,随着我国改革开放不断深入,国民经济发展迅猛,城市化进程加快,各种形式的轨道交通在我国得到了广泛应用。直线电机驱动的城市轨道交通是一种新型的轨道交通模式,其依靠轮轨承载、导向,直线电机提供无粘着牵引力,具有车辆断面小,维护方便,可通过小半径曲线及大坡度线路等特点。当前,许多国家和地区都采用了这种模式的轨道交通,我国广州地铁四号线也于本世纪初在国内率先采用了直线电机技术。
本文提出了一种基于独立旋转车轮的直线电机转向架总体技术方案,并建立了相应的动力学仿真模型,应用SIMPACK多体动力学软件对其进行了参数优化和动力学仿真。最后,根据计算结果,对直线电机转向架的动力学性能进行了全面分析,并在以下几方面进行了系统研究：
1.论文首先回顾了直线电机轨道交通的发展历程,介绍了直线电机转向架的相关技术,分析了当前几种典型直线电机转向架的结构特点。在此基础上根据国内相关标准进行了直线电机转向架的方案设计研究,确定了主要承载部件的结构,悬挂系统的组成,制动方式及迫导向径向机构的模式等。
2.独立旋转车轮技术是本文研究的重要内容之一,也是转向架的重要组成部分,其性能与传统轮对相比存在较大差异。本文从轮轨关系入手,深入分析了独立旋转车轮的导向机理,对其横向不对中及曲线性能差的原因进行了研究。
3.从轮轨接触几何参数入手,提出了拟合轮轨接触点生成车轮踏面的数值设计方法。设计了与之相适应的线路及踏面外形,并将其与LM磨耗型踏面对比,得出了两种踏面的动力学性能及轮轨匹配特性。
4.根据直线电机转向架总体结构方案,建立了动力学计算模型。应用此模型优化了转向架的悬挂参数和径向机构参数等,使转向架参数达到了最优匹配。根据参数优化结果,对直线电机转向架性能进行了预测。对比分析了独立旋转车轮与传统轮对转向架动力学性能的差异,研究直线电机附加垂向吸力对车辆性能的影响。
计算结果表明,本文提出的直线电机转向架方案具有良好的动力学性能,适应我国城轨交通的要求。
Urban rail transit has become a main part of urban public transportation thanks to its security, high efficiency, energy-saving ability and environmental awareness. In recent years, with the deepening of opening-reform policy, national economy and urbanization have growing fast. Kinds of rail transit have been widely used in China. Urban rail transit driven by linear motor is a type of rail transportation mode. Based on the wheel-rail bearing, guiding as well as the non-adhere traction provided by linear motor, it has some favorable characteristics such as smaller lateral section, easy maintenance, smaller radius curve passing capacity and higher gradient line passing capacity. Nowadays, most of the countries and regions have used this kind of rail transit and it has also been used in the 4. line of Metro Guangzhou in China.
This paper comes up with a general technical proposal of linear motor bogie based on the independently rotating wheels. A dynamic simulation model has been set up and the work of parameters'optimization is also done using the multiply dynamic software SIMPACK. Finally, according to the results, the dynamic performances of linear motor bogie are analyzed and a systematic research about the following aspects is included:
1. Fristly, the paper gives a review over the development history of the linear motor bogie and an introduction about its related technology. Besides, the structures of some typical linear motor bogies have also been analyzed respectively. Then, the paper talks about the design of linear motor bogie according to the national standards, the main structures of bearing components, the suspension system, the braking system as well as the axle-steering bearings are chosen.
2. The technology of the Independently rotating wheels is a important part of this paper. It is also a main part of bogie and has prominence difference in the performances compared with the traditional wheelset. The paper analyzes the guiding principle of independent rotational wheel and the reasons for its poor lateral alignment and curing passing capacity are also explained based on the wheel-rail relation.
3. According to the wheel-rail contact geometry parameters, the numerical design method of generating wheel trend by fitting wheel-rail contact points is given in the paper. With its help, the proper wheel trend adaptable to rail is designed and a comparison between the new trend and the LM is made and the conclusions show its dynamic performances as well as wheel-rail contact characters of the two trends.
4. A dynamic calculate model is set up with the help of the general structure of linear motor bogie. With the model, the author optimizes both the suspension parameters and radical components parameters so as to have the best fitting. According to the optimization results, a prediction about the performances of linear motor bogie is made. Besides the paper also compares the differences of dynamic performance between independent rotational wheel and traditional wheelset and has a research on the impact of vertical attached force of linear motor to vehicle performances.
It is concluded that the proposal of linear motor bogie given by this paper has excellent dynamic performance and it is able to meet the demand of national rail transit.
本文提出了一种基于独立旋转车轮的直线电机转向架总体技术方案,并建立了相应的动力学仿真模型,应用SIMPACK多体动力学软件对其进行了参数优化和动力学仿真。最后,根据计算结果,对直线电机转向架的动力学性能进行了全面分析,并在以下几方面进行了系统研究：
1.论文首先回顾了直线电机轨道交通的发展历程,介绍了直线电机转向架的相关技术,分析了当前几种典型直线电机转向架的结构特点。在此基础上根据国内相关标准进行了直线电机转向架的方案设计研究,确定了主要承载部件的结构,悬挂系统的组成,制动方式及迫导向径向机构的模式等。
2.独立旋转车轮技术是本文研究的重要内容之一,也是转向架的重要组成部分,其性能与传统轮对相比存在较大差异。本文从轮轨关系入手,深入分析了独立旋转车轮的导向机理,对其横向不对中及曲线性能差的原因进行了研究。
3.从轮轨接触几何参数入手,提出了拟合轮轨接触点生成车轮踏面的数值设计方法。设计了与之相适应的线路及踏面外形,并将其与LM磨耗型踏面对比,得出了两种踏面的动力学性能及轮轨匹配特性。
4.根据直线电机转向架总体结构方案,建立了动力学计算模型。应用此模型优化了转向架的悬挂参数和径向机构参数等,使转向架参数达到了最优匹配。根据参数优化结果,对直线电机转向架性能进行了预测。对比分析了独立旋转车轮与传统轮对转向架动力学性能的差异,研究直线电机附加垂向吸力对车辆性能的影响。
计算结果表明,本文提出的直线电机转向架方案具有良好的动力学性能,适应我国城轨交通的要求。
Urban rail transit has become a main part of urban public transportation thanks to its security, high efficiency, energy-saving ability and environmental awareness. In recent years, with the deepening of opening-reform policy, national economy and urbanization have growing fast. Kinds of rail transit have been widely used in China. Urban rail transit driven by linear motor is a type of rail transportation mode. Based on the wheel-rail bearing, guiding as well as the non-adhere traction provided by linear motor, it has some favorable characteristics such as smaller lateral section, easy maintenance, smaller radius curve passing capacity and higher gradient line passing capacity. Nowadays, most of the countries and regions have used this kind of rail transit and it has also been used in the 4. line of Metro Guangzhou in China.
This paper comes up with a general technical proposal of linear motor bogie based on the independently rotating wheels. A dynamic simulation model has been set up and the work of parameters'optimization is also done using the multiply dynamic software SIMPACK. Finally, according to the results, the dynamic performances of linear motor bogie are analyzed and a systematic research about the following aspects is included:
1. Fristly, the paper gives a review over the development history of the linear motor bogie and an introduction about its related technology. Besides, the structures of some typical linear motor bogies have also been analyzed respectively. Then, the paper talks about the design of linear motor bogie according to the national standards, the main structures of bearing components, the suspension system, the braking system as well as the axle-steering bearings are chosen.
2. The technology of the Independently rotating wheels is a important part of this paper. It is also a main part of bogie and has prominence difference in the performances compared with the traditional wheelset. The paper analyzes the guiding principle of independent rotational wheel and the reasons for its poor lateral alignment and curing passing capacity are also explained based on the wheel-rail relation.
3. According to the wheel-rail contact geometry parameters, the numerical design method of generating wheel trend by fitting wheel-rail contact points is given in the paper. With its help, the proper wheel trend adaptable to rail is designed and a comparison between the new trend and the LM is made and the conclusions show its dynamic performances as well as wheel-rail contact characters of the two trends.
4. A dynamic calculate model is set up with the help of the general structure of linear motor bogie. With the model, the author optimizes both the suspension parameters and radical components parameters so as to have the best fitting. According to the optimization results, a prediction about the performances of linear motor bogie is made. Besides the paper also compares the differences of dynamic performance between independent rotational wheel and traditional wheelset and has a research on the impact of vertical attached force of linear motor to vehicle performances.
It is concluded that the proposal of linear motor bogie given by this paper has excellent dynamic performance and it is able to meet the demand of national rail transit.
引文
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[3]叶云岳.直线电机理论与应用.杭州：浙江大学出版社,1999
[4]周庆瑞,金锋.新型城市轨道交通.北京：中国铁道出版社,2005
[5]吴建忠,曾向荣,任静.国内直线电机城轨交通系统轨道技术标准讨论.都市快轨交通,2006,19(1)：40～43
[6]范瑜,李国国,吕刚.直线电机及其在城市轨道交通中的应用.都市快轨交通,2006,19(1)：1～6
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[8]刘晓芳,柳拥军,施翔.加拿大直线感应电机车辆技术.都市快轨交通,2006,19(2)：69～71
[9]庞绍煌,耿明.直线电机在轨道车辆运用中的三维分析.电力机车与城轨车辆,2004,27(1)：31～33
[10]庞绍煌.广州地铁直线电机传动车辆.机车电传动,2008,(2)：44～47
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