摘要
军事供应链环境下的部队库存管理是军事供应链管理的重要内容,是影响军事供应链的效率和成本的重要因素,因此军事供应链环境下的部队库存管理十分重要。然而,目前针对部队库存的研究大都停留在单个库存节点的库存策略的评价和优化问题上,将军事供应链中所有的部队库存节点作为一个整体进行库存管理能力评价和策略优化的研究尚不多见。因此,对军事供应链环境下的部队库存进行全局性的分析,研究军事供应链环境下部队多级库存的管理能力评价指标和评价方法,寻找军事供应环境下部队库存管理的最优策略具有十分重要的意义。
本文研究了军事供应链环境下战役级库存策略的评价和优化问题,首先分析了军事供应链环境下部队库存研究的背景和意义,总结了相关研究领域的国内外研究现状,阐述了现有研究中存在的问题和不足,介绍了论文的研究思路、研究内容和主要工作。然后介绍了军事供应链及其库存管理的相关理论基础,包括军事供应链的概念、特征与分类,以及军事供应链库存管理的相关概念和内容。最后分析了部队物资需求的产生和传递过程,以及预测方法;确定了部队库存管理管理能力评价的几个重要指标;根据部队库存管理的实际运行流程,经过简化和抽象,最终建立了部队库存管理管理能力评价和策略优化模型。运用系统仿真的方法对军事供应链环境下的库存模型进行多次运行,将管理能力参数的平均值作为该库存管理模型的管理能力水平;然后运用OptQuest软件在具有各种库存策略的库存管理模型中进行寻优,最终得到一定条件下战役级库存的最优策略。
论文采用的仿真建模的方法对于研究军事供应链环境下的部队库存管理提供了一个崭新的途径。另外,本文的研究以我军现有的军事供应链模型为背景,符合我军实际,因此本文的研究成果对于改进我军事供应链环境下的部队库存策略具有较强的实际意义。
Army’s inventory management under the environment of military supply chain is very important, because it is a important content of the military supply chain’s management, also a key factor to military supply chain’s efficiency and cost. But, up till the present moment, the research on the army’s inventory is concern to the evaluation and optimization of single inventory point for the most part, there is little research on this problem with the view of that, all the inventory points of the army are inseparable system. So, analyses army’s inventory management under the environment of military supply chain with an eye to the interests of the whole, get the index and method of evaluation, and search the strategy of inventory management is significant.
This paper reached on the evaluation and optimization of the campaign level inventory management strategy. First of all, analyzed the background and importance of this research, summed up the research on this problem, and analyzed its shortcut, introduced the way and content of this paper. Secondly, introduced the basic theory about military supply chain and its inventory management. Finally analyzed the demand’s produce , transmission and forecast method of army’s inventory. Determined the index of evaluation, and established a model used for the evaluation and optimization of army’s inventory management. Got the effect level of the inventory management model by way of system simulation, and find the best inventory strategy of campaign level with the software of OptQuest.
This paper gave a totally new way to research the army’s inventory management under the environment of military supply chain with the way of system simulation. In addition, the research with the background of our military supply chain at present, tally with the actual situation of our army. So, its very important to improve the inventory management strategy under the environment of military supply chain.
引文
[1]王进发,李励.供应链管理——支持军事行动的科学与艺术[M].北京:国防大学出版社,2004.
[2]焦红,任学峰.军事供应链的产生、发展和趋势[J].物流技术,2007,26(7):114-117.
[3]王进发,李励,李仕明.军事供应链的结构柔化[J].军事运筹与系统工程,2005, 19(1).
[4]周雨,包辛.军事供应链管理模式构建研究[J].军事运筹与系统工程,2005,19(3):16-20.
[5]郑金忠,秦健新,张传峰.Petri网在军事供应链建模中的应用[J].军事物流2009,28(7),232-235.
[6]龚卫锋,孙敏.实施军事供应链管理势在必行[J].物流技术与应用,2006,(8):102-103.
[7]董岗,傅铅生.基于Petri网的电子商务建模分析[J].管理科学,2004,(2):72-75.
[8]赵林度.供应链与物流管理理论与实务[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[9]莫海灵,马小平,李紫东.基于供应链的军事物资保障系统研究[J].后勤工程学院学报,2006,(2):63-66.
[10]Stanley Faik,The Big L:American Logistics in World WarⅡ[M].National Defense University Press Washington DC,1997.
[11]Joint Publication 1-02,Department of Defense Dictionary of military and associated terms[EB/OL].http:llwww.hqda.army.mil/logwebflogisties.htm1.
[12]Joint Publication 4.0,Doctrine for Logistic Suppo~of Joint Operations.2000,6April.
[13]JointVision2010,laterJointVision2020,provides and understanding of the nature of logistics with a new operational concept.
[14]王宗喜.军事物流概论[M].北京:海潮出版社.1994.
[15]马小平,高明波.军事物流系统工程[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2001.
[16]王丰、姜大立、彭亮军事物流学[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2003.
[17]Barnes and Noble Books.Webster’S New universal Unabridged Dictionary.1992.
[18]Sharifi,H.and Zhang,Z.A methodology for achieving 8gility in manufacturing organizations : An introduction[J] . International Journal of Production Economics.1999,62:72—22.
[19]Kidd,Pau1.Two definitions of 8gility[EB/OL]www.cheshirehenbury.com
[20]GoldmanSLNagelRNandPreissKAgileCompetitorsandVirtualOrganizations :Strategies for Enriching the Customer[M].Van Nostrand,New York,1994.
[21]Patricia M.Swafford:Theoretical Development and Empirical Investigation of Supply Chain Agility[R].the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Dugree College of Management,April,2003.
[22]ClarkA , ScarfH . Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem[J].Management Science,1960(6):475490.
[23]Dong L,Lee H L.optimal policies and approximations for a serial multiechelon inventory system with time·correlated demand[J].Operations Research.2003,51(6):96-99.
[24]Chiu H N,Huang H L.A multi-echelon integrated JIT inventory model using the time buffer and emergency borrowing policies to deal with random delivery lead times[J].Int.J.Prodution Research,2003,41(13):2911-2931.
[25]TeeYS,RossettiMD.A robustness study of a multi-echelon inventory model via simulation[J].Int J Production Economics,2002(80):265-277.
[26]chelKP,NielriderU.Simulation-based optimization of multi-echlon inventory systems[J].Int J Production Economics,2005(93-94):505-513.
[27]彭禄斌,赵林度.供应链网状结构中多级库存控制模型[J].东南大学学报,2002,32(2):218·222.
[28]王迎军,高竣峻.供应链分销系统优化及仿真[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(5):79-84.
[29]赵斌,石伟,张晓萍,等.库存系统仿真技术及应用[J].物流技术,2003(10):30-33.
[30]刘还恩.复杂随机需求和提前期的二级库存系统仿真优化[D].北京:清华大学,2006.
[31]田征,孙玉玉,汪海滨.基于ABC分类法的后方仓库库存管理[J].海军航空工程学院学报,2009,7(1).
[32]姜大立,汤卫克.VMI在军事库存管理中的应用[J].军队采购与物流,57-60,2007.1.
[33]叶卫民,王禄超,杨彭远,关玄义.基于仿真的装备供应链库存模型研究[J].价值工程,13-14,(2010)29
[34]万东铖.社会化:军事后勤保障体制改革趋势.建设军民兼容大后勤论文集::pp 141-143.北京:金盾出版社,1997
[35]曲立.库存管理理论与应用[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006.8
[36]李晖.供应链企业间的库存控制系统分析与研究:(硕士学位论文).昆明:昆明理工大学,2004.
[37]李建民.供应链管理环境下的库存控制.企业活力.2008,1.
[38]李伟春.基于成本优化的多级库存管理(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2008.
[39]张强.供应链环境下的多级库存管理研究(硕士学位论文).西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[40]王海鹏.供应链节点企业间的协同库存控制策略:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2002.
[41]刘延政,徐克林,徐勇.供应链管理下的多级库存模型的优化研究.科技前沿,2007,8(3):246—247.
[42]杨蕾.面向供应链管理的联合库存管理:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2006.
[43]Chen F . Stationary Policies in Multi—echelon Inventory Systems with Deterministic Demand and Backlogging J.Operation Research,1998,46:26-34.
[44]李丹,赵志坚.需求确定型多级库存优化模型研究.商品储运与养护,2008,30(3):43—45.
[45]曾艳.需求确定的多级库存系统的库存策略.集美人学学报,2004,9(1):78-81.
[46]隋明刚,魏嶷.综述:供应链库存成本研究的现状及其发展数据[J].物流技术,2000,5:28—32.
[47]钱颂迪.运筹学[M].第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,1990.353—386.
[48]徐贤浩,马士华.供应链网络状结构模型多级库存控制模型.华中理工大学学报,1998,26(7):68—70.
[49]CLARK A H,SCARF H.Optimal policies for a multi—echelon inventory problem J.Management Science,1960,6:475—490.
[50]杨键,马士华.供应链库存协调与优化模型研究[J].管理科学学报,2004,7(4):1-8.
[51]惠小康.供应链环境下库存控制的策略与方法研究:(硕士学位论文).南京:南京理工大学,2007.
[52]HAN C,DAMRON GWONGSIR M.Stochastic modeling of a two—echelon multiple sourcing supply chain system with genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,2005,
[53] Moinzadeh K. A multi-echelon inventory system with information exehange[J]. Management Scienee, 2002,48(3):414
[54] Ng, W. K., Piplani, R., and Viswanathan, S. Simulation workbench for analysing multi-echelon supply chains[J]. Integrated Mfg Syst., 2003, 14(5):449
[55]Tee, Y. S. and Rossetti, M. D. A robustness study of a multi-echelon inventory model via simulation[J].Int. J. Prod. Econ., 2002(80):265–277
[56]Xiaohua Wang and Soemon Takakuwa , Module-based modeling of production-distribution systems considering shipment consolidation , Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, 2006:1477-1484
[57](瑞典)爱克赛特(Axs?ter,S.),库存控制,(第2版(英文影印))北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[58]白睿涵,贾红雨,左鹏.多级库存策略模拟建模[J].物流科技,2008(6):113-116
[59]陈志卷.三鹿奶粉物流系统分析与库存策略仿真[D].天津:河北工业大学,2007
[60]付纯琦.制造企业二级分销网络布局的仿真优化研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006
[61]高丽芳,杜秀华.一种考虑相关需求的多级库存控制优化模型[J].计算机仿真,2005.22(8):163-165
[62]黄爱民.基于供应商管理库存的供应链成本建模与仿真研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006
[63]隽志才,孙宝凤.物流系统仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[64](美)凯尔顿(Kelton, W.D.)等著;周泓等译,仿真使用Arena[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[65]来源.基于供应链分销网络的多级库存优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008
[66]兰洪杰,施先亮,赵启兰.供应链与企业物流管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社&北京交通大学出版社,2004
[67]李晔,陈燕.基于随机需求的多级供应链网络优化模型的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004(10):25-28
[68] Bashyam S.and M.C.Fu(1998).Optimization of (s, S) inventory systems with random lead times and a service level constraint. Management Science,44(12),part 2:243-256
[69]彭禄斌,赵林度.供应链网状结构中多级库存控制模型[J].东南大学学报,2002(32):218-222
[70]龚延成.战时军事物流系统决策理论与方法研究[D].西安:长安大学(博士学位论文),2004.
[71]刘亮,邢焕革,郭金卫.基于战时物资应急调度的库存控制方法[J].物流科技2009(10):129-132
[72]唐小我.组合预测计算方法研究.预测,1991;10(4):35—140