光固化有机/无机防潮材料的制备
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摘要
聚合物基纳米复合材料是指以聚合物为基体、以各种纳米尺度的粒子为分散相的复合材料,这类复合材料综合了有机聚合物和无机材料的优良特性,明显提高高分子材料的力学性能、热稳定性,并能赋予高分子材料一些特殊性能,如高阻隔性、高导电性、高阻燃性、优良的光学性能等,是制备新型高性能材料的最经济实效的一种方法。
本论文制备光固化的有机／无机杂化防潮材料主要综合利用了光聚合技术和纳米复合技术的优点。设计合成一种具有光聚合活性的长碳链季铵盐,先通过阳离子交换插层进入蒙脱土的片层间,再经过紫外光聚合,蒙脱土片层间的活性基团也能参与光聚合反应,从而将蒙脱土片层间距扩大,形成剥离状态,均匀分散在聚合物基体中。而蒙脱土的片层对透过聚合物基体的气体分子、水气等起到了好的阻隔作用,从而得到聚合物／杂化土纳米复合防潮材料。
XRD结果表明合成的一种具有光聚合活性的长碳链季铵盐,插层到到蒙脱土MMT-2的片层间,使得蒙脱土片层间距明显扩大,由原来的1.515nm增加到4.152nm。红外扫描证明制备的有机杂化土带有可光聚合的活性丙烯酸酯双键,能参与光固化体系的光聚合反应。TGA结果表明改性后的杂化土中有机成分含量占到60%左右,已经具有明显的有机相容性。对固化膜的透湿量测试表明,剥离的蒙脱土片层对水蒸气有明显的阻隔作用,杂化膜的透湿量明显低于纯的聚合物膜。实验表明当杂化土的添加量为3%左右时,固化膜的透湿量是最低的,阻湿效果最佳。
Polymer nanocomposite is a kind composite material that a variety of nanoscale particles were dispersed in the polymer matrix which combination the superior characteristics of organic polymer materials and the inorganic particles. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposite materials were improved significantly, and with some special properties of polymer materials, such as high barrier, high conductivity, high flame resistance, excellent optical properties. It is an economic effectiveness method to prepare the new high-performance materials.
In this thesis, preparation of the organic/inorganic hybrid humidity resistance materials by UV photopolymerization combines the advantages of both nanocomposites and the UV photopolymerization. A photopolymerisable quaternary ammonium salt (PQAS-18) was synthesized and intercalated into the inorganic montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as organic modifier to preparation a novel organic-inorganic hybrid nanoclay by cationic exchange process. Then the hybrid nanoclay was added into the photopolymer matrix and after UV exposure, the lamellar structure of MMT was exfoliated to form a peeling state and dispersed in the polymer matrix because the active groups between the layers participate the polymerization. The composite material has good moisture resistance properties, because the exfoliated MMT layers which dispersed in the polymer matrix provide a barrier to the gas molecules or water vapor.
XRD results showed that the layer spacing of the modified MMT was increased from the original 1.515 nm to 4.152 nm when the synthetic long chain photopolymerisable quaternary ammonium salt was intercalated into the layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the PQAS-18 with active groups intercalated into the layers of the MMT still retain a high reactivity, and can participate in the UV polymerization. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the amount of PQAS-18 intercalation was about 60%. The test of the water vapor transmission (WVT) of the cured film showed that the WVT of hybrid film was much lower than that of the pure polymer film. Experiments showed that when the hybrid soil was added by 3%, the WVT of the cured film was the lowest and the moisture resistance was the best.
本论文制备光固化的有机／无机杂化防潮材料主要综合利用了光聚合技术和纳米复合技术的优点。设计合成一种具有光聚合活性的长碳链季铵盐,先通过阳离子交换插层进入蒙脱土的片层间,再经过紫外光聚合,蒙脱土片层间的活性基团也能参与光聚合反应,从而将蒙脱土片层间距扩大,形成剥离状态,均匀分散在聚合物基体中。而蒙脱土的片层对透过聚合物基体的气体分子、水气等起到了好的阻隔作用,从而得到聚合物／杂化土纳米复合防潮材料。
XRD结果表明合成的一种具有光聚合活性的长碳链季铵盐,插层到到蒙脱土MMT-2的片层间,使得蒙脱土片层间距明显扩大,由原来的1.515nm增加到4.152nm。红外扫描证明制备的有机杂化土带有可光聚合的活性丙烯酸酯双键,能参与光固化体系的光聚合反应。TGA结果表明改性后的杂化土中有机成分含量占到60%左右,已经具有明显的有机相容性。对固化膜的透湿量测试表明,剥离的蒙脱土片层对水蒸气有明显的阻隔作用,杂化膜的透湿量明显低于纯的聚合物膜。实验表明当杂化土的添加量为3%左右时,固化膜的透湿量是最低的,阻湿效果最佳。
Polymer nanocomposite is a kind composite material that a variety of nanoscale particles were dispersed in the polymer matrix which combination the superior characteristics of organic polymer materials and the inorganic particles. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposite materials were improved significantly, and with some special properties of polymer materials, such as high barrier, high conductivity, high flame resistance, excellent optical properties. It is an economic effectiveness method to prepare the new high-performance materials.
In this thesis, preparation of the organic/inorganic hybrid humidity resistance materials by UV photopolymerization combines the advantages of both nanocomposites and the UV photopolymerization. A photopolymerisable quaternary ammonium salt (PQAS-18) was synthesized and intercalated into the inorganic montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as organic modifier to preparation a novel organic-inorganic hybrid nanoclay by cationic exchange process. Then the hybrid nanoclay was added into the photopolymer matrix and after UV exposure, the lamellar structure of MMT was exfoliated to form a peeling state and dispersed in the polymer matrix because the active groups between the layers participate the polymerization. The composite material has good moisture resistance properties, because the exfoliated MMT layers which dispersed in the polymer matrix provide a barrier to the gas molecules or water vapor.
XRD results showed that the layer spacing of the modified MMT was increased from the original 1.515 nm to 4.152 nm when the synthetic long chain photopolymerisable quaternary ammonium salt was intercalated into the layers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the PQAS-18 with active groups intercalated into the layers of the MMT still retain a high reactivity, and can participate in the UV polymerization. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the amount of PQAS-18 intercalation was about 60%. The test of the water vapor transmission (WVT) of the cured film showed that the WVT of hybrid film was much lower than that of the pure polymer film. Experiments showed that when the hybrid soil was added by 3%, the WVT of the cured film was the lowest and the moisture resistance was the best.
引文
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