我国城市和谐社区建设研究
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摘要
社区是社会的基层单位,和谐社区是和谐社会的基石。当前,我国城市和谐社区建设中存在的主要问题有:社区管理体制改革不到位、社区工作者素质不高、社区自治发展滞后、社区居民参与共建意识薄弱、社区服务质量不高等。建设城市和谐社区,关键就是要始终把维护和发展广大社区居民的利益作为各项工作的出发点和落脚点,真正把党和政府的惠民政策落实到社区,使社区居民得以共享社会政治、经济、文化发展的成果。
在论述社区的概念、社区的发展、和谐社区与和谐社会的关系以及和谐社区建设的重要意义的基础上,结合唐山市路北区部分社区建设的实际情况,总结了我国在城市和谐社区建设过程中取得的一些成就。同时,围绕城市和谐社区建设承担的任务,运用管理学、市政学、社会学、政治学、经济学等多学科的研究理论和方法,就如何建设城市和谐社区提出了具体的措施。建议首先应该在正确理解政府、市场和社会三种导向模式的基础上正确发挥政府的主导作用;其次,应该积极推进社区自治,增强社区居民的参与共建意识,发挥社区中介的作用,使社区的民主政治建设得以快速发展;再次,要加强社区的教育和管理工作,全面提升社区的服务工作。本研究成果不但可以丰富当前和谐社区建设的相关理论,而且也会对和谐社区建设的实际工作起到一定的推动作用。
A community is a basic social unit and a harmonious community sets the path to a harmonious society. However, there are some problems in constructing such harmonious communities: community management still waits to be further reformed; some community workers are inefficient in their jobs; community autonomy is slow in its development; community members have less sense of participation in community perfection; and community services are not of good quality. The key factor to create harmonious urban communities is believed to be the emphasis on preservation and protection of the interests of the majority residents in a community. And this must be made as both the starting and ending points for community work. On in this way can the citizen-benefiting policy of the Party and government be implemented so that community residents can share the fruit of social political, economic and cultural development.
The paper starts with the concept of community, continue with community development, the relationship between harmonious communities and harmonious society, and the significance of constructing harmonious communities. Then on the basis of the community situations in Lubei District of Tang Shan, the paper presents the success and achievements of urban community in the course of social development in the country. The important study made in the paper is on the means and path of harmonious urban communities from the perspectives of interdisciplinary theories of management, municipal administration, sociology, political science, economics and etc. First of all, it is suggested that it is essential to center on the role of the government on the basis of a good understanding of the three-factor mode of government, market and society. Second, community autonomy should be enhanced, and the participation of the residents should also be strengthened. As a result, communities can play a good part in social development. Moreover, it is also necessary to strengthen community education and management so as to improve community service. The proposal made in the paper can not only shed light to the theories relevant to harmonious community, but also is helpful for the practice of constructing harmonious communities.
在论述社区的概念、社区的发展、和谐社区与和谐社会的关系以及和谐社区建设的重要意义的基础上,结合唐山市路北区部分社区建设的实际情况,总结了我国在城市和谐社区建设过程中取得的一些成就。同时,围绕城市和谐社区建设承担的任务,运用管理学、市政学、社会学、政治学、经济学等多学科的研究理论和方法,就如何建设城市和谐社区提出了具体的措施。建议首先应该在正确理解政府、市场和社会三种导向模式的基础上正确发挥政府的主导作用;其次,应该积极推进社区自治,增强社区居民的参与共建意识,发挥社区中介的作用,使社区的民主政治建设得以快速发展;再次,要加强社区的教育和管理工作,全面提升社区的服务工作。本研究成果不但可以丰富当前和谐社区建设的相关理论,而且也会对和谐社区建设的实际工作起到一定的推动作用。
A community is a basic social unit and a harmonious community sets the path to a harmonious society. However, there are some problems in constructing such harmonious communities: community management still waits to be further reformed; some community workers are inefficient in their jobs; community autonomy is slow in its development; community members have less sense of participation in community perfection; and community services are not of good quality. The key factor to create harmonious urban communities is believed to be the emphasis on preservation and protection of the interests of the majority residents in a community. And this must be made as both the starting and ending points for community work. On in this way can the citizen-benefiting policy of the Party and government be implemented so that community residents can share the fruit of social political, economic and cultural development.
The paper starts with the concept of community, continue with community development, the relationship between harmonious communities and harmonious society, and the significance of constructing harmonious communities. Then on the basis of the community situations in Lubei District of Tang Shan, the paper presents the success and achievements of urban community in the course of social development in the country. The important study made in the paper is on the means and path of harmonious urban communities from the perspectives of interdisciplinary theories of management, municipal administration, sociology, political science, economics and etc. First of all, it is suggested that it is essential to center on the role of the government on the basis of a good understanding of the three-factor mode of government, market and society. Second, community autonomy should be enhanced, and the participation of the residents should also be strengthened. As a result, communities can play a good part in social development. Moreover, it is also necessary to strengthen community education and management so as to improve community service. The proposal made in the paper can not only shed light to the theories relevant to harmonious community, but also is helpful for the practice of constructing harmonious communities.
引文
1崔永军.中国城市社区建设模式研究.[吉林农业大学硕士学位论文].2003:6
2布朗.社会人类学方法.济南:山东人民出版社,1988:32
3罗杰.应用社会学.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1992:98
1乔纳森.社会学理论的结构.杭州:浙江人民出版社,1987:121
2吴文藻.吴文藻人类学社会学研究文集.北京:民族出版社,1990:122
1费孝通.论小城镇及其他.天津:天津人民出版社,1985:269
2费孝通.禄村农田.重庆:商务印书馆,1943:4-5
3张玉枝.转型中的社区发展—政府与社会分析视角.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2003:86
4王思斌.体制改革中的城市社区建设的理论分析.新华文摘,2001,(3):24-28
1费孝通.费孝通文集.第五卷.北京:群言出版社,1988:530
2唐晓阳.城市社区导论.广州:广东经济出版社,2000:1
3拉里·莱恩.都市社会中的社区(英文版).芝加哥:多塞出版社,1987:5
1黄序.城市发展中的社区建设.北京:中国城市出版社,2002:14
2周文建,宁丰.城市社区建设概论.北京:中国社会出版社,2001:1
3李森.城市社区建设概论.济南:山东大学出版社,2001:2-3
4张友勤,童敏,欧阳马田.社会学概论.北京:科学出版社,2000:224
5袁秉达,孟临.社区论.上海:中国纺织大学出版社,2000:3
1王晓燕.契约型社区的生成和发展.城市问题,2001,(1):21-24
1鲁品越,李淮春.实践概念对物质观的变革与建设.中国社会科学,1992,(4):124
1陈元.如何打造城市中的和谐社区.内蒙古煤炭经济,2008,(2):45
2张康之,李传军.一般管理学原理.修订版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:319
1周利华.社区和谐:构建和谐社会的本质要求.法制与社会,2007,(6):700
2桑玉成.政府角色—关于市场经济条件下政府作为与不作为的探讨.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2000:4
3乔耀章.政府理论.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2000:11
1亚里士多德.政治学.北京:商务印书馆,1981:7
2霍布斯.利维坦.北京:商务印书馆,1985:94
3马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷).北京:人民出版社,1995:166
1密尔.论自由.北京:商务印书馆,1959:77
2密尔.论自由.北京:商务印书馆,1959:102
3张静.初探市场经济中的政府职能.计划与市场探索,2002,(6):19
4洛克.政府论.北京:商务印书馆,1969:132
5卢梭.社会契约论.第二版.北京:商务印书馆,1980:168
1任远.农村村级社区发展研究.上海:百家出版社,2001:27
1马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷).北京:人民出版社,1995:532
1吴德隆,谷迎春.中国城市社区建设.北京:知识出版社,1995:134-135
1韦克难.社区管理.成都:四川人民出版社,2003:185-190
2奚建武.社区管理呼唤新理念.中国社会报,2003-1-9
1韦克难.社区管理.成都:四川人民出版社,2003:184-185
1杨应崧.各国社区教育概论.上海:上海大学出版社,2002:46
1瞿宁武.论城市社区建设.经济与管理研究,2002,(3):16-19
2侯玉兰.城市社区发展国际比较研究.北京:北京出版社,2000:36-42
3于海平,王秀芹.和谐视角下的社区建设.社会工作(学术版),2006,(12):40
4哈丽云.社区建设与和谐社会.兵团党校学报,2007,(4):13-15
5杜创国.试论构建和谐城市社区.城市发展研究,2007,14(5):91-92
6洪鉴,贾秀兰.城市社区精神文明建设研究.西南民族大学学报,2004,(10):417
7苏振芳.社会转型与和谐社区建设研究.中共福建省委党校学报,2008,(1):53
8吉登斯.第三条道路—社会民主主义的复兴.郑戈.北京:北京大学出版社,2000:88
9董欢.构建城市和谐社区研究综述.中共福建省委党校学报,2008,(3):61-62
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12樊婴.和谐社区:构建和谐社会的基本单元.中共成都市委党校学报,2006,15(6):18
13陈建新,李文彬,吴克昌.论加强我国城市社区建设与管理的对策.华南理工大学学报(社会科学版),2008,10(1):8-9
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15商雁鸿.突出五个结合,促进社会和谐.云南支部生活,2006,(2):33
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2布朗.社会人类学方法.济南:山东人民出版社,1988:32
3罗杰.应用社会学.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1992:98
1乔纳森.社会学理论的结构.杭州:浙江人民出版社,1987:121
2吴文藻.吴文藻人类学社会学研究文集.北京:民族出版社,1990:122
1费孝通.论小城镇及其他.天津:天津人民出版社,1985:269
2费孝通.禄村农田.重庆:商务印书馆,1943:4-5
3张玉枝.转型中的社区发展—政府与社会分析视角.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2003:86
4王思斌.体制改革中的城市社区建设的理论分析.新华文摘,2001,(3):24-28
1费孝通.费孝通文集.第五卷.北京:群言出版社,1988:530
2唐晓阳.城市社区导论.广州:广东经济出版社,2000:1
3拉里·莱恩.都市社会中的社区(英文版).芝加哥:多塞出版社,1987:5
1黄序.城市发展中的社区建设.北京:中国城市出版社,2002:14
2周文建,宁丰.城市社区建设概论.北京:中国社会出版社,2001:1
3李森.城市社区建设概论.济南:山东大学出版社,2001:2-3
4张友勤,童敏,欧阳马田.社会学概论.北京:科学出版社,2000:224
5袁秉达,孟临.社区论.上海:中国纺织大学出版社,2000:3
1王晓燕.契约型社区的生成和发展.城市问题,2001,(1):21-24
1鲁品越,李淮春.实践概念对物质观的变革与建设.中国社会科学,1992,(4):124
1陈元.如何打造城市中的和谐社区.内蒙古煤炭经济,2008,(2):45
2张康之,李传军.一般管理学原理.修订版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005:319
1周利华.社区和谐:构建和谐社会的本质要求.法制与社会,2007,(6):700
2桑玉成.政府角色—关于市场经济条件下政府作为与不作为的探讨.上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2000:4
3乔耀章.政府理论.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2000:11
1亚里士多德.政治学.北京:商务印书馆,1981:7
2霍布斯.利维坦.北京:商务印书馆,1985:94
3马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷).北京:人民出版社,1995:166
1密尔.论自由.北京:商务印书馆,1959:77
2密尔.论自由.北京:商务印书馆,1959:102
3张静.初探市场经济中的政府职能.计划与市场探索,2002,(6):19
4洛克.政府论.北京:商务印书馆,1969:132
5卢梭.社会契约论.第二版.北京:商务印书馆,1980:168
1任远.农村村级社区发展研究.上海:百家出版社,2001:27
1马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷).北京:人民出版社,1995:532
1吴德隆,谷迎春.中国城市社区建设.北京:知识出版社,1995:134-135
1韦克难.社区管理.成都:四川人民出版社,2003:185-190
2奚建武.社区管理呼唤新理念.中国社会报,2003-1-9
1韦克难.社区管理.成都:四川人民出版社,2003:184-185
1杨应崧.各国社区教育概论.上海:上海大学出版社,2002:46
1瞿宁武.论城市社区建设.经济与管理研究,2002,(3):16-19
2侯玉兰.城市社区发展国际比较研究.北京:北京出版社,2000:36-42
3于海平,王秀芹.和谐视角下的社区建设.社会工作(学术版),2006,(12):40
4哈丽云.社区建设与和谐社会.兵团党校学报,2007,(4):13-15
5杜创国.试论构建和谐城市社区.城市发展研究,2007,14(5):91-92
6洪鉴,贾秀兰.城市社区精神文明建设研究.西南民族大学学报,2004,(10):417
7苏振芳.社会转型与和谐社区建设研究.中共福建省委党校学报,2008,(1):53
8吉登斯.第三条道路—社会民主主义的复兴.郑戈.北京:北京大学出版社,2000:88
9董欢.构建城市和谐社区研究综述.中共福建省委党校学报,2008,(3):61-62
10席恒,孙录见,刘文瑞.社会转型与公共管理.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006:433
11刘威.从和谐社区到和谐社会.沿海企业与科技,2008,(2):49
12樊婴.和谐社区:构建和谐社会的基本单元.中共成都市委党校学报,2006,15(6):18
13陈建新,李文彬,吴克昌.论加强我国城市社区建设与管理的对策.华南理工大学学报(社会科学版),2008,10(1):8-9
14马建珍.加强社区建设,实现社会和谐发展.中共南京市委党校学报,2004,(12):98-99
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16雷洁.和谐社区建设管理探析.湖北广播电视大学学报,2007,(10):37
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