GPS在物流配送管理系统中的应用
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摘要
随着物流配送业务的不断发展,沈阳作为交通枢纽的地理位置和军事、民用对物流配送需求日益增加,沈阳物流配送中心将GPS(全球定位系统)车辆监控和精密授时引入物流配送管理系统,以期改变目前指挥落后的面貌,提高物流配送运营的效率。
本文给出了物流配送管理系统的整体设计方案以及系统的硬件选型,并设计实现了系统中的GPS车辆监控和精密授时模块。
针对物流配送移动端数量较多、活动范围较大等情况,利用伪距差分算法,经平滑处理,提高了GPS定位的精度;在对GIS(地理信息系统)开发中常用的MapBasic、MapX、OLE自动化技术等进行对比分析基础上,本文提出以OLE自动化技术作为解决方案,并详细阐述和分析了OLE技术应用的关键点以及实现方法。
对于GPS的精确定位,为了消除各方面的影响,采用了差分GPS的定位技术,并给出了差分GPS算法和实现过程。
将GPS车辆监控和精密授时系统结合应用于物流配送的管理系统,很好地适应了物流配送的特殊需求,节约了大量的财力和物力,提高了物流配送效率。
In recent years, along with the rapid development of the world’s and China’s economy, economic reform and opening to the outside world, China’s logistics industry develops in a rapid speed, and there are more people involved in the work than before. With the growing line of logistics industry, logistics have become increasingly demanding. The traditional manual management tools will lead to a logistics distribution center of the lower operating efficiency. In view of this, this paper introduces the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) system to manage the logistics business ideas and learn from GPS systems, logistics center design and management of the business system.
The main work of this article is to give the logistics and distribution management system as a whole as well as the design of hardware selection, design and realization of the GPS system to monitor vehicles and precision timing module. As for large quantities and large scope of the logistics, the article introduces the use of pseudo-range differential algorithm, smoothing and improve the accuracy of GPS positioning; in the GIS (geographic information system) used in the development of MapBasic, MapX, OLE Automation technology, such as comparative analysis based on OLE Automation technology to as solutions and detailed analysis of the OLE technology as well as the key point of implementation. GPS for precise positioning, in order to eliminate all aspects of the impact of the use of differential GPS positioning technology, and gives the differential GPS algorithms and implementation of the process.
Vehicle Location Algorithm: This article surveillance vehicles in the GIS as a technology-based geospatial data management, so as to the Road Traffic Network coordinates for the location of road traffic data and geo-spatial characteristics of the point, line, combine to form a complete multi-level spatial database and the establishment of relevant knowledge base model. GIS technology can be used for vehicle navigation and positioning vehicle monitoring and management of scheduling, at the same time it can be used for road transport management, as well as stations, terminals and other public sector undertakings. As a traffic information tool, it’s essential to improve vehicle safety and traffic efficiency. The use of GIS databases and tools for electronic map system completes a variety of functions, which include data collection and editing functions, geographic database functions, mapping functions, spatial query and spatial analysis functions, such as terrain analysis functions. In the vehicle navigation and positioning control scheduling and management, GIS is a set of urban GIS and the subject-object-oriented information in one vehicle navigation, tracking information systems, which can show all kinds of e-scale map that can quickly and reliably for vehicle drivers to provide information on a variety of inquiries, flexible, easy to choose the path of vehicles on-line traffic between any two nodes of the best line lane, and monitoring central station monitoring of vehicles in real-time tracking and scheduling management. GIS to complete the main features include: (1) electronic map display: full-screen display, zoom, rotating, dynamic markings, such as tiered display. (2) mark the current parking spaces: real-time on-board GPS positioning to receive mobile data conversion for the geographical coordinates of the screen coordinates, the error correction software, or through a variety of sensors and parking map data, real-time location of vehicles on the amendment, included in the calculation of parking spaces under the As shown in Fig. Using two parking spaces, said: absolute movement, that is, moving vehicles, fixed map; relative motion, moving map, parking spaces on the screen has a fixed location. (3) features of classification index point mark, as well as functional features. Users can choose to enter their property, use of the operating layer, classified information prompted, in response to information, in order to set the destination through the indexing function of UN demands inquiry into the facilities Index (into the park, museums, government agencies, etc.), address index, as well as telephone numbers, such as indexing functions. (4) the best path to choose, according to their own customers demand in the electronic map can be set on the road trip of Surveying and Mapping, at the same time be able to set the number of traffic routes, to determine the best path into the auxiliary decision-making routes, the shortest distance, the shortest path, to support the one-way line, cut left, and other functions. (5) provide a good interface. Tag to show different road conditions automatically display information such as the one-way street, according to the map to adjust the ratio of dynamic maps showing in detail the crossroads marked reminded, and can track the vehicle features a return visit.
GPS precision timing: that is the use of GPS satellite navigation and ranging, when measured in order to constitute a global positioning system. GPS positioning is based on the basic principles of high-speed movement of the satellite known as the location of the moment date data from the use of space resection method to determine the location of test points.
Hardware selection: including the main on-board unit to monitor the central part of the terminal display and selection of GPS, GPS in the selection, location selection of Trimble Navigation GPS receiver SST-type receiver, when the delegate selection GPS receiver Trimble a time-SST Receiver.
System Design: the design of integrated vehicle control and precision GPS timing of the logistics management system. By the monitoring center, on-board terminals and GSM wireless network is composed of three parts. Monitoring is the core of the system as a whole, by the communications gateway, GIS monitoring system and a time server, it has completed the major kinds of information transmitted and the GPS receiver time to deal with. It includes Car Terminal, the GPS receiver unit, GSM module, on-board control unit, display, GPS antenna and the corresponding components such as sensors. GSM is the on-board network of terminals and control center for information exchange of data link. Its functions are: GPS positioning information to accurately monitor the return center; control center will monitor data to the on-board equipment.
System: The main function of the software module, including the communications interface module and the graphics display module. In the results mainly on the development of management software and application in practice, made through the application of certain effects.
In this paper, the results of this study will guide the management of logistics distribution center in practice to improve the efficiency of logistics and distribution management, with a certain degree of theoretical and applied value.
Due to limitations of time and research, there are still some shortcomings in this paper, such as: GPS positioning, as all aspects of the impact of error, making positioning accuracy greatly reduced, though not so advanced differential GPS technology, but the ionosphere and Troposphere effect on the accuracy of GPS impact is still insufficient, this is an international issue, we need to further resolve; Another example of this system is the object of the logistics distribution center, as opposed to large-scale vehicle monitoring system, a very small geographical area, And a simple map, and also features a relatively small. If you want to develop into a universal monitoring system of large-scale, the map of the deal, in areas such as communication links are still a lot of work to do.
本文给出了物流配送管理系统的整体设计方案以及系统的硬件选型,并设计实现了系统中的GPS车辆监控和精密授时模块。
针对物流配送移动端数量较多、活动范围较大等情况,利用伪距差分算法,经平滑处理,提高了GPS定位的精度;在对GIS(地理信息系统)开发中常用的MapBasic、MapX、OLE自动化技术等进行对比分析基础上,本文提出以OLE自动化技术作为解决方案,并详细阐述和分析了OLE技术应用的关键点以及实现方法。
对于GPS的精确定位,为了消除各方面的影响,采用了差分GPS的定位技术,并给出了差分GPS算法和实现过程。
将GPS车辆监控和精密授时系统结合应用于物流配送的管理系统,很好地适应了物流配送的特殊需求,节约了大量的财力和物力,提高了物流配送效率。
In recent years, along with the rapid development of the world’s and China’s economy, economic reform and opening to the outside world, China’s logistics industry develops in a rapid speed, and there are more people involved in the work than before. With the growing line of logistics industry, logistics have become increasingly demanding. The traditional manual management tools will lead to a logistics distribution center of the lower operating efficiency. In view of this, this paper introduces the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) system to manage the logistics business ideas and learn from GPS systems, logistics center design and management of the business system.
The main work of this article is to give the logistics and distribution management system as a whole as well as the design of hardware selection, design and realization of the GPS system to monitor vehicles and precision timing module. As for large quantities and large scope of the logistics, the article introduces the use of pseudo-range differential algorithm, smoothing and improve the accuracy of GPS positioning; in the GIS (geographic information system) used in the development of MapBasic, MapX, OLE Automation technology, such as comparative analysis based on OLE Automation technology to as solutions and detailed analysis of the OLE technology as well as the key point of implementation. GPS for precise positioning, in order to eliminate all aspects of the impact of the use of differential GPS positioning technology, and gives the differential GPS algorithms and implementation of the process.
Vehicle Location Algorithm: This article surveillance vehicles in the GIS as a technology-based geospatial data management, so as to the Road Traffic Network coordinates for the location of road traffic data and geo-spatial characteristics of the point, line, combine to form a complete multi-level spatial database and the establishment of relevant knowledge base model. GIS technology can be used for vehicle navigation and positioning vehicle monitoring and management of scheduling, at the same time it can be used for road transport management, as well as stations, terminals and other public sector undertakings. As a traffic information tool, it’s essential to improve vehicle safety and traffic efficiency. The use of GIS databases and tools for electronic map system completes a variety of functions, which include data collection and editing functions, geographic database functions, mapping functions, spatial query and spatial analysis functions, such as terrain analysis functions. In the vehicle navigation and positioning control scheduling and management, GIS is a set of urban GIS and the subject-object-oriented information in one vehicle navigation, tracking information systems, which can show all kinds of e-scale map that can quickly and reliably for vehicle drivers to provide information on a variety of inquiries, flexible, easy to choose the path of vehicles on-line traffic between any two nodes of the best line lane, and monitoring central station monitoring of vehicles in real-time tracking and scheduling management. GIS to complete the main features include: (1) electronic map display: full-screen display, zoom, rotating, dynamic markings, such as tiered display. (2) mark the current parking spaces: real-time on-board GPS positioning to receive mobile data conversion for the geographical coordinates of the screen coordinates, the error correction software, or through a variety of sensors and parking map data, real-time location of vehicles on the amendment, included in the calculation of parking spaces under the As shown in Fig. Using two parking spaces, said: absolute movement, that is, moving vehicles, fixed map; relative motion, moving map, parking spaces on the screen has a fixed location. (3) features of classification index point mark, as well as functional features. Users can choose to enter their property, use of the operating layer, classified information prompted, in response to information, in order to set the destination through the indexing function of UN demands inquiry into the facilities Index (into the park, museums, government agencies, etc.), address index, as well as telephone numbers, such as indexing functions. (4) the best path to choose, according to their own customers demand in the electronic map can be set on the road trip of Surveying and Mapping, at the same time be able to set the number of traffic routes, to determine the best path into the auxiliary decision-making routes, the shortest distance, the shortest path, to support the one-way line, cut left, and other functions. (5) provide a good interface. Tag to show different road conditions automatically display information such as the one-way street, according to the map to adjust the ratio of dynamic maps showing in detail the crossroads marked reminded, and can track the vehicle features a return visit.
GPS precision timing: that is the use of GPS satellite navigation and ranging, when measured in order to constitute a global positioning system. GPS positioning is based on the basic principles of high-speed movement of the satellite known as the location of the moment date data from the use of space resection method to determine the location of test points.
Hardware selection: including the main on-board unit to monitor the central part of the terminal display and selection of GPS, GPS in the selection, location selection of Trimble Navigation GPS receiver SST-type receiver, when the delegate selection GPS receiver Trimble a time-SST Receiver.
System Design: the design of integrated vehicle control and precision GPS timing of the logistics management system. By the monitoring center, on-board terminals and GSM wireless network is composed of three parts. Monitoring is the core of the system as a whole, by the communications gateway, GIS monitoring system and a time server, it has completed the major kinds of information transmitted and the GPS receiver time to deal with. It includes Car Terminal, the GPS receiver unit, GSM module, on-board control unit, display, GPS antenna and the corresponding components such as sensors. GSM is the on-board network of terminals and control center for information exchange of data link. Its functions are: GPS positioning information to accurately monitor the return center; control center will monitor data to the on-board equipment.
System: The main function of the software module, including the communications interface module and the graphics display module. In the results mainly on the development of management software and application in practice, made through the application of certain effects.
In this paper, the results of this study will guide the management of logistics distribution center in practice to improve the efficiency of logistics and distribution management, with a certain degree of theoretical and applied value.
Due to limitations of time and research, there are still some shortcomings in this paper, such as: GPS positioning, as all aspects of the impact of error, making positioning accuracy greatly reduced, though not so advanced differential GPS technology, but the ionosphere and Troposphere effect on the accuracy of GPS impact is still insufficient, this is an international issue, we need to further resolve; Another example of this system is the object of the logistics distribution center, as opposed to large-scale vehicle monitoring system, a very small geographical area, And a simple map, and also features a relatively small. If you want to develop into a universal monitoring system of large-scale, the map of the deal, in areas such as communication links are still a lot of work to do.
引文
[1]胡明城.全球定位系统(GPS)的最新进展(上).测绘科学, 2002, 25(4):54~60
[2] Michael S Brasch.The Model of the GPS Signal Navigation, 1999, 37(4): 44~48
[3]宋崇文,孙向前,谢毅.利用GPS对计算机实现精确授时.计算机测量与控制, 2002(7): 477~480
[4]马俊海,黄明.车辆监控系统中GPS,GIS,GSM的应用.测绘通报, 2002(10): 34~36
[5] Hof man-Wellenhof B, Lichtenegger H. Global Positioning System Theory and Practice[M]. Springer-Ver lag Wen New York.1992.
[6]赵勇奎.GPS组合系统在民用航空中的应用.航空电子技术, 2001(2): 37~42
[7]吴大为,张哨琳.介绍GPS定位中的几个概念.广西地质, 2001, 3(14): 65~71
[8]刘海波. GPS定位和授实原理及其在电力系统中的应用.山东电力技术, 1998(5): 12~14
[9] R. E. Wilson. Methods and Uses of Precise Time in Power System. IEEE Trans On PWRD, 1999, 7(1): 67~71
[10] How GPS works? http://www.trimble.com/abouttrimble.html
[11]紫名.浅议GPS接收机的选型.测绘科学, 2001(3): 37~38
[12]朱守红,翟会生. GPS定位定时接收机定时误差与定位误差的关系.陕西天文台台刊, 1999, 19(3): 65~69
[13] Caliper. Caliper Script language's Guide. 1997. caliper cooperation.
[14] Caliper. caliper Maptitude User's Guide. 1997 . caliper cooperation.
[15]李深年.美国调整GPS的管理与使用政策.北京测绘,1996(4):37~39
[16]李曙光,荆便顺,苏彦民. GPS系统SA误差模型的分析和建立.长安大学学报, 2002, 22(3): 92~95
[17]丁晓湘.差分GPS定位精度研究.北京邮电大学学报,1999, 22(4): 25~29
[18] ChangdonKee, ParkinsonBW. Wide area differential GPS (WADGPS): future navigation system, IEEE Trans On AES, 1996, 32(2): 795~808
[19]胡国辉,孟浩,袁信.差分GPS载波相位测量整周模糊度的快速求解.航空学报, 1999, 20(2): 78~82
[20]李德仁,龚建雅,边馥苓. GIS的应用.测绘通报, 1998(2): 33~40
[21]冯海山,李善平. GIS环境下的地图综合.计算机工程, 1998, 24(12):33~35
[22]徐祖舰. GIS入门与提高.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2001
[23]王青山,王家耀. GIS数据模型研究与实践.解放军测绘学院学报, 1998, 15(4): 297~301
[24] Proceedings of the Workshop on Methods and Techniques of Digitizing Data, USGS Open-File Report, 1985: 85~307
[25]刘书雷,李军,陈宏盛.基于MapX的GIS动态操作与实现, 2003. http://www.21ic.com/new_info/news/files/news/200372100128.asp
[26]陶鹏. MapInfo在基于GPS/GIS的车辆监控系统中的应用.现代电子技术, 2001(3): 62~64
[27]罗云启,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全.北京:北京希望电子出版社, 2001
[28]侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 1998
[29]李现勇. VC++串口通讯技术与工程实践.北京:人民邮电出版社. 2002
[2] Michael S Brasch.The Model of the GPS Signal Navigation, 1999, 37(4): 44~48
[3]宋崇文,孙向前,谢毅.利用GPS对计算机实现精确授时.计算机测量与控制, 2002(7): 477~480
[4]马俊海,黄明.车辆监控系统中GPS,GIS,GSM的应用.测绘通报, 2002(10): 34~36
[5] Hof man-Wellenhof B, Lichtenegger H. Global Positioning System Theory and Practice[M]. Springer-Ver lag Wen New York.1992.
[6]赵勇奎.GPS组合系统在民用航空中的应用.航空电子技术, 2001(2): 37~42
[7]吴大为,张哨琳.介绍GPS定位中的几个概念.广西地质, 2001, 3(14): 65~71
[8]刘海波. GPS定位和授实原理及其在电力系统中的应用.山东电力技术, 1998(5): 12~14
[9] R. E. Wilson. Methods and Uses of Precise Time in Power System. IEEE Trans On PWRD, 1999, 7(1): 67~71
[10] How GPS works? http://www.trimble.com/abouttrimble.html
[11]紫名.浅议GPS接收机的选型.测绘科学, 2001(3): 37~38
[12]朱守红,翟会生. GPS定位定时接收机定时误差与定位误差的关系.陕西天文台台刊, 1999, 19(3): 65~69
[13] Caliper. Caliper Script language's Guide. 1997. caliper cooperation.
[14] Caliper. caliper Maptitude User's Guide. 1997 . caliper cooperation.
[15]李深年.美国调整GPS的管理与使用政策.北京测绘,1996(4):37~39
[16]李曙光,荆便顺,苏彦民. GPS系统SA误差模型的分析和建立.长安大学学报, 2002, 22(3): 92~95
[17]丁晓湘.差分GPS定位精度研究.北京邮电大学学报,1999, 22(4): 25~29
[18] ChangdonKee, ParkinsonBW. Wide area differential GPS (WADGPS): future navigation system, IEEE Trans On AES, 1996, 32(2): 795~808
[19]胡国辉,孟浩,袁信.差分GPS载波相位测量整周模糊度的快速求解.航空学报, 1999, 20(2): 78~82
[20]李德仁,龚建雅,边馥苓. GIS的应用.测绘通报, 1998(2): 33~40
[21]冯海山,李善平. GIS环境下的地图综合.计算机工程, 1998, 24(12):33~35
[22]徐祖舰. GIS入门与提高.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2001
[23]王青山,王家耀. GIS数据模型研究与实践.解放军测绘学院学报, 1998, 15(4): 297~301
[24] Proceedings of the Workshop on Methods and Techniques of Digitizing Data, USGS Open-File Report, 1985: 85~307
[25]刘书雷,李军,陈宏盛.基于MapX的GIS动态操作与实现, 2003. http://www.21ic.com/new_info/news/files/news/200372100128.asp
[26]陶鹏. MapInfo在基于GPS/GIS的车辆监控系统中的应用.现代电子技术, 2001(3): 62~64
[27]罗云启,罗毅.数字化地理信息系统MapInfo应用大全.北京:北京希望电子出版社, 2001
[28]侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 1998
[29]李现勇. VC++串口通讯技术与工程实践.北京:人民邮电出版社. 2002