基于FPGA的软件无线电通信平台的设计与实现
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摘要
软件无线电技术作为一种新的通信技术,其基本思想是构造一个通用硬件平台,使宽带A/D,D/A尽量靠近天线,在数字域完成信号处理,通过选用不同软件模块即可实现不同的通信功能,这样大大缩短了电台的研发周期。该技术在通信(尤其是在移动通信)领域有着迫切的需求和广阔的应用前景。
本文阐述了软件无线电的基础理论,对信号采样理论、多速率信号处理技术、高效数字滤波器、数字正交变换理论进行了分析和研究。从目前器件发展水平和实验研究条件出发,设计了一个基于FPGA的软件无线电通信平台。设计采用了中频数字化处理的硬件平台结构,选用Altera Cyclone系列FPGA作为信号处理和总体控制配置的核心,并结合专用通信芯片,数字上变频器AD9856和数字下变频器AD6654来实现该平台。采用VHDL和Verilog HDL语言对时分复用模块、信道编解码模块、调制解调模块等进行了模块化设计,并对电路板设计过程中系统的配置和控制、无源滤波器设计、阻抗匹配电路设计等问题进行了详细的讨论,最后对印制电路板进行测试和调试,获得了预期的效果。
本文给出的设计方案,大大简化了数字通信系统的硬件设备,具有较强的通用性和灵活性,通过修改系统参数和配置程序,即可适应不同的通信模式和信道状况,充分体现了软件无线电的优势。该平台不仅仅能应用在通信设备上,在许多系统验证平台、测试设备中均可应用,颇具实用价值。
As a new communications technology, software radio’s basic idea is to construct a common hardware platform, make the broadband A/D, D/A close to antenna as possible, and complete signal processing in the digital domain. It can achieve different communications functions by selecting different software modules, so it can greatly shorten the designing cycle of the radio. There are urgent needs in the communication areas(especially in mobile communications) and it has broad prospects.
This paper discussed the signal sampling theory, multi-rate signal processing technology, efficient digital filter, and digital orthogonal theory. With the current development level and the experimental conditions, this paper discussed a software platform for radio communication based on FPGA. It used a digital IF processing hardware platform structure, chose Altera Cyclone series of FPGA as signal processing and overall controlling core, combined with dedicated communications chips, digital up-converter AD9856 and digital down-converter AD6654. It used VHDL and Verilog HDL language as a programming language for modular design, and designed a lot of useful communication module, such as TDMA module, channel codec module, modem module. It also discussed the actual circuit board design, system configuration and Control, passive filter design, impedance matching circuit design in detail. It also compeleted the circuit board to test and debug, and achieved the desired results.
This design can greatly simplify the digital communication system’s hardware devices, and improve its versatility and flexibility. Through the revision of the system parameters and configuration process, it can adapt to different communication modes and channel conditions, and it fully embodies the software radio’s advantage. The platform can not only be used in communications equipment, but also in many authentication system platform, testing equipment, and it has a certain value.
本文阐述了软件无线电的基础理论,对信号采样理论、多速率信号处理技术、高效数字滤波器、数字正交变换理论进行了分析和研究。从目前器件发展水平和实验研究条件出发,设计了一个基于FPGA的软件无线电通信平台。设计采用了中频数字化处理的硬件平台结构,选用Altera Cyclone系列FPGA作为信号处理和总体控制配置的核心,并结合专用通信芯片,数字上变频器AD9856和数字下变频器AD6654来实现该平台。采用VHDL和Verilog HDL语言对时分复用模块、信道编解码模块、调制解调模块等进行了模块化设计,并对电路板设计过程中系统的配置和控制、无源滤波器设计、阻抗匹配电路设计等问题进行了详细的讨论,最后对印制电路板进行测试和调试,获得了预期的效果。
本文给出的设计方案,大大简化了数字通信系统的硬件设备,具有较强的通用性和灵活性,通过修改系统参数和配置程序,即可适应不同的通信模式和信道状况,充分体现了软件无线电的优势。该平台不仅仅能应用在通信设备上,在许多系统验证平台、测试设备中均可应用,颇具实用价值。
As a new communications technology, software radio’s basic idea is to construct a common hardware platform, make the broadband A/D, D/A close to antenna as possible, and complete signal processing in the digital domain. It can achieve different communications functions by selecting different software modules, so it can greatly shorten the designing cycle of the radio. There are urgent needs in the communication areas(especially in mobile communications) and it has broad prospects.
This paper discussed the signal sampling theory, multi-rate signal processing technology, efficient digital filter, and digital orthogonal theory. With the current development level and the experimental conditions, this paper discussed a software platform for radio communication based on FPGA. It used a digital IF processing hardware platform structure, chose Altera Cyclone series of FPGA as signal processing and overall controlling core, combined with dedicated communications chips, digital up-converter AD9856 and digital down-converter AD6654. It used VHDL and Verilog HDL language as a programming language for modular design, and designed a lot of useful communication module, such as TDMA module, channel codec module, modem module. It also discussed the actual circuit board design, system configuration and Control, passive filter design, impedance matching circuit design in detail. It also compeleted the circuit board to test and debug, and achieved the desired results.
This design can greatly simplify the digital communication system’s hardware devices, and improve its versatility and flexibility. Through the revision of the system parameters and configuration process, it can adapt to different communication modes and channel conditions, and it fully embodies the software radio’s advantage. The platform can not only be used in communications equipment, but also in many authentication system platform, testing equipment, and it has a certain value.
引文
[1]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良等,软件无线电原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2001,1~56
[2] [美]James Tsui,杨小牛,陆安南,金飚译,宽带数字接收机,北京:电子工业出版社,2002,45~136
[3]沈宝锁,侯春萍,现代通信原理,北京:国防工业出版社,2002,154~299
[4]周炯槃,庞沁华,续大我等,通信原理(上),北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002,190~287
[5]周炯槃,庞沁华,续大我等,通信原理(下),北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002,82~190
[6]曹志刚,钱亚生,现代通信原理,北京:清华大学出版社,2003,56-110
[7] [美]Bernard Sklar著,徐平平等译,数字通信基础与应用(第二版),北京:电子工业出版社,2002,152~221
[8] [美]Rodger E.Ziemer,Roger L.Peterson著,尹长川,郝建军,罗涛等译,数字通信基础,北京:机械工业出版社,2005,267~399
[9]赵高星,宽带中频数字处理平台:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2007
[10] Walt Kester,Brad Brannon,Paul Hendricks,High Speed ADC Applications,Analog Devices Inc. Application Notes
[11] Walt Kester,Undersampling Applications,Analog Devices Inc. Application Notes
[12] D.Le Guen , A.Mansour , Automatic Recognition Algorithm for Digital Modulation Signals. Signal Processtion,Pattern Recognition& Applications,June 25 -28,2002,Crete,Greec
[13] Z.Salcic,C.F.Mecklenbrauker,Software Radio Architectural Requirement,Research and Development Challenges,IEEE Communications Magzine,2002,7ll- 716
[14]刘常澍,数字逻辑电路,北京:国防工业出版社,2002,1~30,172~244
[15]谷萩隆嗣著,王友功译,数字滤波器与信号处理,北京:科学出版社,2003,125~244
[16] [英]Peter Sweeney著,俞越,张单译,差错控制编码,北京:清华大学出版社,2004,52~87,107~121
[17]周贤伟,黄旗明,张丽静等,差错控制编码与安全,北京:国防工业出版社,2006,20~58
[18]张宗橙,纠错编码原理和应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2003,58~120
[19]刘会杰,景卓,一种快速BCH编译码算法设计,通信技术,2003年第8期,3~6
[20]唐建军,纪越峰,超高速BCH码解码改进算法研究,通信学报,2004年9月第25卷9期,21~27
[21]李志国,张伟功,BCH码迭代译码算法及软件实现方法,计算机技术与发展,2007年4月第17卷第4期,171~174
[22]袁俊泉,孙敏琪,曹瑞,Verilog HDL数字系统设计及其应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,17~176
[23]徐光辉,程东旭,黄如等,基于FPGA的嵌入式开发与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,10~87
[24]段吉海,黄智伟,基于CPLD/FPGA的数字通信系统建模与设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,110~165,248~270
[25]王钿,卓兴旺,基于Verilog HDL的数字系统应用设计,北京:国防工业出版社,2006,228~285
[26]林灶生,刘绍汉,Verilog FPGA芯片设计,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,17~160
[27]潘启中,吕久明,基于AD9856的多模式通信信号的设计,通信对抗,2005年第3期,33~36
[28]伯格丁(Bogatin,E.)著,李玉山等译,信号完整性分析,北京:电子工业出版社,2005,124~156
[29] AD9856 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,2005
[30] AD8320 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,1998
[31] AD6654 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,2005
[32] AD8351 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,2004
[33] Cyclone Device Hardbook,ALTERA Corporation,2003
[2] [美]James Tsui,杨小牛,陆安南,金飚译,宽带数字接收机,北京:电子工业出版社,2002,45~136
[3]沈宝锁,侯春萍,现代通信原理,北京:国防工业出版社,2002,154~299
[4]周炯槃,庞沁华,续大我等,通信原理(上),北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002,190~287
[5]周炯槃,庞沁华,续大我等,通信原理(下),北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002,82~190
[6]曹志刚,钱亚生,现代通信原理,北京:清华大学出版社,2003,56-110
[7] [美]Bernard Sklar著,徐平平等译,数字通信基础与应用(第二版),北京:电子工业出版社,2002,152~221
[8] [美]Rodger E.Ziemer,Roger L.Peterson著,尹长川,郝建军,罗涛等译,数字通信基础,北京:机械工业出版社,2005,267~399
[9]赵高星,宽带中频数字处理平台:[硕士学位论文],天津,天津大学,2007
[10] Walt Kester,Brad Brannon,Paul Hendricks,High Speed ADC Applications,Analog Devices Inc. Application Notes
[11] Walt Kester,Undersampling Applications,Analog Devices Inc. Application Notes
[12] D.Le Guen , A.Mansour , Automatic Recognition Algorithm for Digital Modulation Signals. Signal Processtion,Pattern Recognition& Applications,June 25 -28,2002,Crete,Greec
[13] Z.Salcic,C.F.Mecklenbrauker,Software Radio Architectural Requirement,Research and Development Challenges,IEEE Communications Magzine,2002,7ll- 716
[14]刘常澍,数字逻辑电路,北京:国防工业出版社,2002,1~30,172~244
[15]谷萩隆嗣著,王友功译,数字滤波器与信号处理,北京:科学出版社,2003,125~244
[16] [英]Peter Sweeney著,俞越,张单译,差错控制编码,北京:清华大学出版社,2004,52~87,107~121
[17]周贤伟,黄旗明,张丽静等,差错控制编码与安全,北京:国防工业出版社,2006,20~58
[18]张宗橙,纠错编码原理和应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2003,58~120
[19]刘会杰,景卓,一种快速BCH编译码算法设计,通信技术,2003年第8期,3~6
[20]唐建军,纪越峰,超高速BCH码解码改进算法研究,通信学报,2004年9月第25卷9期,21~27
[21]李志国,张伟功,BCH码迭代译码算法及软件实现方法,计算机技术与发展,2007年4月第17卷第4期,171~174
[22]袁俊泉,孙敏琪,曹瑞,Verilog HDL数字系统设计及其应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,17~176
[23]徐光辉,程东旭,黄如等,基于FPGA的嵌入式开发与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,10~87
[24]段吉海,黄智伟,基于CPLD/FPGA的数字通信系统建模与设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,110~165,248~270
[25]王钿,卓兴旺,基于Verilog HDL的数字系统应用设计,北京:国防工业出版社,2006,228~285
[26]林灶生,刘绍汉,Verilog FPGA芯片设计,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,17~160
[27]潘启中,吕久明,基于AD9856的多模式通信信号的设计,通信对抗,2005年第3期,33~36
[28]伯格丁(Bogatin,E.)著,李玉山等译,信号完整性分析,北京:电子工业出版社,2005,124~156
[29] AD9856 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,2005
[30] AD8320 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,1998
[31] AD6654 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,2005
[32] AD8351 datasheet,ANALOG DEVICES Corporation,2004
[33] Cyclone Device Hardbook,ALTERA Corporation,2003