大深度分布式电磁探测接收系统原理样机研究
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摘要
当前我国矿业的发展面临资源需求不断增加而矿山已探明储量日益减少的严峻挑战。这种资源危机状况促使电法勘探仪器向着大深度、分布式、多功能方向发展,以探测更大的深度和提高野外工作效率,同时多种方法相互验证可以增加测量结果的可信度。
本文对大深度电磁勘探方法原理进行了深入研究,借鉴国内外先进的电法仪器的设计技术,结合野外实地调研,提出了一种解决大深度勘探的分布式电磁探测接收系统的设计方案。论文对设计方案中的三个关键技术进行了详细描述,即宽频带大动态范围信号调理技术,多路24位Δ-Σ模数转换技术和分布式系统同步控制技术。根据上述技术实现了接收系统的原理样机,并对样机进行了系统性能测试和室内模型实验,测试和实验结果证明系统准确可行。
With the rapid development of China's national economy, every walk of life increases demand for mineral resources continuously. But China's mining industry is faced with serious situation that the proved reserves of a large number of mines exhaust gradually and the new deposit is discovered less and less. Many prospecting results in home and abroad show that there is great potential in deep and peripheral areas of the resources crisis mines. Now compared to the foreign countries, there is a wide gap in exploration depth of existing mines. It is very difficult to detect mineral resources by using traditional time-domain electromagnetic exploration equipment in deep and peripheral areas of the resources crisis mines, due to limit depth and poor effect of suppressing transient interference. Single point measurement is chosen because of limited channels, but it is not effective in the wild. Therefore, research on time domain combined with frequency domain distributed electromagnetic detection instrument is the effective way of exploring deep and peripheral resources of crisis mines against the strong noise interference of mines.
From the need of anti-interference ability and great depth detection, the paper makes the CSAMT, IP and MT as work methods. At the beginning of the paper, the principles of the previous three methods were studied deeply. Then mastered the design requirement for instrument on the basis of detection methods, meanwhile, borrowed ideas from the advanced technology of the correlation instruments of the world, combined with the actual field experiment and gave field work mode and integral design scheme of the distributed electromagnetic exploration receiver.
The deep distributed electromagnetic exploration receiving system is composed of one master control station and twenty four acquisition sub-stations. Under the control of the master control station, the sub-stations achieve the functions of parameters setting-up, data acquiring and uploading data to the master control station and so on. The main control station has 8 acquisition channels, three of which measure mutual orthogonal three-component magnetic field signal while the other five channels measure electric field signal. Every acquisition sub-station has two acquisition channels which take charge of measuring electric field signal. The receiving system adopts master-slave distributed network topology structure. The central processing unit of master control station is a industrial computer and the acquisition sub-station adopts 16 bits ultra-low power consumption MSP430 series MCU to be its control core. Every station is connected by shielding twisted pair wires and the communication protocol adopts RS485 balanced transmission standard.
In this paper, three key technologies of receiving system were researched deeply, including broadband and large dynamic range signal conditioning technology, delta-sigma analog-digital conversion technology and synchronous control technology of distributed system. In order to realize broadband weak signal detection under the strong noise interference background, low-noise differential amplifier and programmable anti-aliasing filter were designed respectively in the front-end of analog conditioning circuit and analog-to-digital converter. Meanwhile, notch filter for 50Hz was added into analog channel to inhibit the power line interference. In order to solve the problem how to amplify large dynamic range signal and obtain a suitable resolution in the entire measurement range, the main amplifying circuit adopted multi-stage programmable gain amplifier. Through signal pre-sampling, the factor of main amplifier was determined according to the magnitude of the signal. The whole analog channel parameters were set automatically under program control.
Based on theΔ-ΣADC technology, the data acquisition module of receiving system was designed and implemented used 24-bit high-precisionΔ-ΣADC ADS1252.Field programmable gate array technique was used in the design of interfacing circuit between analog-to-digital converter and large-capacity non-volatile random access memory and other digital circuits which reduce the size of the system hardware and make upgrade and maintenance easily. The paper operated synchronous mode of ADS1252 by starting the conversion synchronously and reading the data time-sharing.
The paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of domestic electrical instruments synchronous manner. designed software synchronization, communications line synchronization and GPS+OCXO synchronization according to different precision requirements of three kinds of deep electromagnetic exploration methods. A variety of synchronization modes made receiving system work with various transmitting systems easily which improved flexibility and reliability of receiving system.
In order to verify the receiving system, system performance test, the flume comparison experiment for TIP and the RC model experiment for CSAMT were completed .Performance test for system included short circuit noise test, resolution test, notch filter performance test and channel consistency test . These tests and results proved that the system is feasible and accurate by analyzing results.
Finally, the works of the thesis were summarized, in order to perfect the system, some suggestions in further design and research were given.
本文对大深度电磁勘探方法原理进行了深入研究,借鉴国内外先进的电法仪器的设计技术,结合野外实地调研,提出了一种解决大深度勘探的分布式电磁探测接收系统的设计方案。论文对设计方案中的三个关键技术进行了详细描述,即宽频带大动态范围信号调理技术,多路24位Δ-Σ模数转换技术和分布式系统同步控制技术。根据上述技术实现了接收系统的原理样机,并对样机进行了系统性能测试和室内模型实验,测试和实验结果证明系统准确可行。
With the rapid development of China's national economy, every walk of life increases demand for mineral resources continuously. But China's mining industry is faced with serious situation that the proved reserves of a large number of mines exhaust gradually and the new deposit is discovered less and less. Many prospecting results in home and abroad show that there is great potential in deep and peripheral areas of the resources crisis mines. Now compared to the foreign countries, there is a wide gap in exploration depth of existing mines. It is very difficult to detect mineral resources by using traditional time-domain electromagnetic exploration equipment in deep and peripheral areas of the resources crisis mines, due to limit depth and poor effect of suppressing transient interference. Single point measurement is chosen because of limited channels, but it is not effective in the wild. Therefore, research on time domain combined with frequency domain distributed electromagnetic detection instrument is the effective way of exploring deep and peripheral resources of crisis mines against the strong noise interference of mines.
From the need of anti-interference ability and great depth detection, the paper makes the CSAMT, IP and MT as work methods. At the beginning of the paper, the principles of the previous three methods were studied deeply. Then mastered the design requirement for instrument on the basis of detection methods, meanwhile, borrowed ideas from the advanced technology of the correlation instruments of the world, combined with the actual field experiment and gave field work mode and integral design scheme of the distributed electromagnetic exploration receiver.
The deep distributed electromagnetic exploration receiving system is composed of one master control station and twenty four acquisition sub-stations. Under the control of the master control station, the sub-stations achieve the functions of parameters setting-up, data acquiring and uploading data to the master control station and so on. The main control station has 8 acquisition channels, three of which measure mutual orthogonal three-component magnetic field signal while the other five channels measure electric field signal. Every acquisition sub-station has two acquisition channels which take charge of measuring electric field signal. The receiving system adopts master-slave distributed network topology structure. The central processing unit of master control station is a industrial computer and the acquisition sub-station adopts 16 bits ultra-low power consumption MSP430 series MCU to be its control core. Every station is connected by shielding twisted pair wires and the communication protocol adopts RS485 balanced transmission standard.
In this paper, three key technologies of receiving system were researched deeply, including broadband and large dynamic range signal conditioning technology, delta-sigma analog-digital conversion technology and synchronous control technology of distributed system. In order to realize broadband weak signal detection under the strong noise interference background, low-noise differential amplifier and programmable anti-aliasing filter were designed respectively in the front-end of analog conditioning circuit and analog-to-digital converter. Meanwhile, notch filter for 50Hz was added into analog channel to inhibit the power line interference. In order to solve the problem how to amplify large dynamic range signal and obtain a suitable resolution in the entire measurement range, the main amplifying circuit adopted multi-stage programmable gain amplifier. Through signal pre-sampling, the factor of main amplifier was determined according to the magnitude of the signal. The whole analog channel parameters were set automatically under program control.
Based on theΔ-ΣADC technology, the data acquisition module of receiving system was designed and implemented used 24-bit high-precisionΔ-ΣADC ADS1252.Field programmable gate array technique was used in the design of interfacing circuit between analog-to-digital converter and large-capacity non-volatile random access memory and other digital circuits which reduce the size of the system hardware and make upgrade and maintenance easily. The paper operated synchronous mode of ADS1252 by starting the conversion synchronously and reading the data time-sharing.
The paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of domestic electrical instruments synchronous manner. designed software synchronization, communications line synchronization and GPS+OCXO synchronization according to different precision requirements of three kinds of deep electromagnetic exploration methods. A variety of synchronization modes made receiving system work with various transmitting systems easily which improved flexibility and reliability of receiving system.
In order to verify the receiving system, system performance test, the flume comparison experiment for TIP and the RC model experiment for CSAMT were completed .Performance test for system included short circuit noise test, resolution test, notch filter performance test and channel consistency test . These tests and results proved that the system is feasible and accurate by analyzing results.
Finally, the works of the thesis were summarized, in order to perfect the system, some suggestions in further design and research were given.
引文
[1]柳建新.地球物理勘探在危机矿山深边部接替资源勘探中的应用[J].国土资源导刊,2006,3(3):120
[2]左人广.解决资源危机矿山的策略与方法[J].中国矿业,2005,14(7):44-45
[3]彭省临,刘亮明等.大型矿山接替资源勘查技术与示范研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:5
[4]嵇艳鞠,林君,于生宝等.强场源TEM测量仪器和在大型矿山接替资源勘探中的应用研究[J].地震地质,2005,27(1):115
[5]林君.现代科学仪器及其发展趋势[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2002, 20(1):2-5
[6]温佩林,赵秋海.大探测深度激发极化法初步探讨[J].物探与化探,1996,20(5):329-330
[7]蒋邦远.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1998:
[8]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:216-227
[9]何继善.双频激电法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1-4
[10] Agunloye.Induced polarization:A preliminary study of its chemical basis.Geophysics[J],1977,42(3):788-803
[11]刘国兴.电法勘探原理与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:22
[12] Cagniard L.Basic theory of the magnetotelluric method of geophysical prospecting.Geophysics,1953,18(1):605-635
[13]何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990:1-150.
[14]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:10-88.
[15] Zonge K L,Ostrander A G,Emer D F.Controlled-source audiofrequency magnetotelluric measurements.In:Vozoff K ed.
Magnetotelluric Method.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1986,5:749-763
[16]王赟,杨德义,石昆法.CSAMT法基本理论及在工程中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2002,24(4):383-385
[17]岂兴明,周建兴等.LabVIEW8.2中文版入门与典型实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008:1-7
[18]张木生.勘探地球物理专辑(第二辑)电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:5-6
[19]孙肖子,邓建国等.电子设计指南[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:139-140
[20]郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[21]邵雷.井地电位检测系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2006.
[22]张林行.浅层高分辨率分布式地震仪的研究与设计[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2002.
[23]程德福,林君.智能仪器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:33-42
[24]严良俊,胡文宝等.电磁探测方法及其在南方碳酸盐岩地区的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:31-38
[25]于生宝,王忠,嵇艳鞠. GPS同步瞬变电磁探测系统设计[J].电子测量与仪器学报.2005,19(4):39-41
[26]王淑玲.基于浮点放大的瞬变电磁法接收机的研制[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2001.
[27]王淑玲,林君,段清明.基于GPS的瞬变电磁系统同步测量控制器研究.石油仪器,2001,15(1):13-15
[28]康华光,邹寿彬.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[29]康华光,陈大钦.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[30]周润景,图雅,张丽敏.基于Quartus II的FPGA/CPLD数字系统设计实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[31]沈建华,杨艳琴等.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[32]张晞,王德银等.MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[2]左人广.解决资源危机矿山的策略与方法[J].中国矿业,2005,14(7):44-45
[3]彭省临,刘亮明等.大型矿山接替资源勘查技术与示范研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:5
[4]嵇艳鞠,林君,于生宝等.强场源TEM测量仪器和在大型矿山接替资源勘探中的应用研究[J].地震地质,2005,27(1):115
[5]林君.现代科学仪器及其发展趋势[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2002, 20(1):2-5
[6]温佩林,赵秋海.大探测深度激发极化法初步探讨[J].物探与化探,1996,20(5):329-330
[7]蒋邦远.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1998:
[8]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:216-227
[9]何继善.双频激电法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1-4
[10] Agunloye.Induced polarization:A preliminary study of its chemical basis.Geophysics[J],1977,42(3):788-803
[11]刘国兴.电法勘探原理与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:22
[12] Cagniard L.Basic theory of the magnetotelluric method of geophysical prospecting.Geophysics,1953,18(1):605-635
[13]何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990:1-150.
[14]石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:10-88.
[15] Zonge K L,Ostrander A G,Emer D F.Controlled-source audiofrequency magnetotelluric measurements.In:Vozoff K ed.
Magnetotelluric Method.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1986,5:749-763
[16]王赟,杨德义,石昆法.CSAMT法基本理论及在工程中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2002,24(4):383-385
[17]岂兴明,周建兴等.LabVIEW8.2中文版入门与典型实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008:1-7
[18]张木生.勘探地球物理专辑(第二辑)电磁测深[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:5-6
[19]孙肖子,邓建国等.电子设计指南[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:139-140
[20]郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[21]邵雷.井地电位检测系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2006.
[22]张林行.浅层高分辨率分布式地震仪的研究与设计[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2002.
[23]程德福,林君.智能仪器[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:33-42
[24]严良俊,胡文宝等.电磁探测方法及其在南方碳酸盐岩地区的应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:31-38
[25]于生宝,王忠,嵇艳鞠. GPS同步瞬变电磁探测系统设计[J].电子测量与仪器学报.2005,19(4):39-41
[26]王淑玲.基于浮点放大的瞬变电磁法接收机的研制[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2001.
[27]王淑玲,林君,段清明.基于GPS的瞬变电磁系统同步测量控制器研究.石油仪器,2001,15(1):13-15
[28]康华光,邹寿彬.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[29]康华光,陈大钦.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.
[30]周润景,图雅,张丽敏.基于Quartus II的FPGA/CPLD数字系统设计实例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[31]沈建华,杨艳琴等.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[32]张晞,王德银等.MSP430系列单片机实用C语言程序设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.