病原诱导启动子和组织特异性启动子的分离克隆和功能鉴定
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摘要
基因的表达和调控是生物体内十分重要的机制之一，它是生物体代谢、发育、生殖等一系列生理活动的根本所在。基因的特异性表达决定了生物体的特异性，一直以来都是研究的热点。启动子是直接调控基因特异性表达的重要元件，它驱动基因的表达，决定了基因表达的强度、时间和空间等特异性。水稻中的OsWRKY13基因是一个受病原物，包括稻瘟菌和白叶枯菌，诱导表达的基因，同时可以在植物激素诱导的条件下产生应答，研究它的启动子对阐明基因功能，探索抗病途径具有极大的意义。而水稻光合系统Ⅱ中一个编码10 kD多聚蛋白的基因，D54O，具有绿色组织特异性的表达模式，研究其启动子对分析组织特异性表达的调控机制，预测基因的功能有着重要作用，同时利用组织特异性的启动子可以帮助解决转基因安全性的问题。
利用筛选到的包含OsWRKY13基因编码区的cDNA克隆，我们得到了包含完整基因信息的基因组亚克隆。经过预测，我们截取了728 bp的启动子片段，命名为P_(WRKY13)。经转基因分析，该启动子可以被病原物和激素所诱导表达。在5’-末端的缺失试验、凝胶阻滞和定点突变的分析中，我们得到了一系列新的调控病原物诱导表达的顺式作用位点。对这些位点进行的酵母单杂交分析得到了与之结合的蛋白质信息，通过对编码这些蛋白质的基因的分析，我们发现这些蛋白都具有病原物诱导的表达模式，并且在细胞核中发挥其功能，有些还具有核定位信号或DNA结合功能，这说明这些蛋白具有核转录调控因子的特征。
同时还筛选到一个在绿色组织中表达，在胚和胚乳中不表达的cDNA克隆，它编码一个光合系统Ⅱ中的10kD多聚蛋白。我们分离了该基因约2.1 kb的启动子区段，命名为P_(D54O)。转基因植株证明该启动子特异性驱动外源基因在绿色组织中表达，而5’-末端的缺失导致了组织特异性表达谱的改变，同时伴随表达量的变化，说明了该启动子中含有调控组织特异性表达以及正或负调控基因表达量的顺式作用位点。通过凝胶阻滞的分析，我们确定了这些顺式作用位点，并采用定点突变的方法进行了验证。利用这些位点，通过酵母单杂交筛选到与之结合的转录调控蛋白，这些蛋白也被证明在不同组织中表达量存在很大差异，而且定位于细胞核中，推测这些蛋白可能具有转录调控的功能。
研究得到的启动子资源可以有效地在植物的转基因育种中加以利用，更有效、更有针对性地表达外源基因，解决转基因育种中的安全性问题，是转基因育种的有力工具。而利用研究得到的顺式作用位点，我们在将来甚至可以按人们的要求，定制特异的启动子，为人们的生产谋利。
The control of gene's expression is important mechanism for plants and animals. It is the basis of physiology, metabolism, development and reproduction of organisms. It is the hotspot of molecular biology on what is the expression controlling mechanism of genes. Promoter is the most important element for controlling gene's expression; it could drive gene express in special time, tissues and decide the level of expression. OsWRKY13 in rice is a pathogen inducible gene, including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causing bacterial blight disease, and Pyricularia grisea sacc., causing blast disease. Also it could be induced by hormone inoculation. Research on the promoter of OsWRKY13 will help us to explain the function of this gene and discover the plant disease resistance pathway. Another gene which encoding the 10 kD polypeptide in photosystemⅡhas a tissue-specific expression manner. The analysis of gene's promoter region will help to tell the mechanism of tissue-specific expression and predict the function of this unknown protein.
Using the eDNA clone which contains OsWRKYI3 gene as probe, we identified the subclone of genomic fragment contains the whole gene structure. After promoter prediction, we isolated a 728 bp promoter fragment, designated as P_(OsWRKY13). We checked the expression mode in the transgenic plants and proved that the promoter could be induced by pathogen and hormone. In the analysis of 5'-end deletion mutants, gel retardation assay and site-directed mutation, we obtained the information about the cis-acting elements for responding to the pathogen inoculation. Using these elements as "bait", we gained the proteins which interact with these elements. After examine on the genes which encode these proteins, we found that these genes all have the pathogen inducible expression pattem and play roles in cell nuclear, these may indicate that these protein had function as transcription regulators.
We also screened a cDNA clone which has a green-tissue but non-endosperm and embryo expression manner. Further we isolated the 2.1 kb promoter region and designated as P_(D54O). Transgenic plants proved that it could drive the GUS reporter gene express in green-tissues. A series 5'-end deletion mutants have changed tissue-specific expression pattem and also the expression level, it implies that the promoter region contains cis-acting elements which control the tissue-specific expression and correspond for activating or suppressing gene expression. Hiring the gel retardation assay, we identified these elements and proved these elements using site-directed mutants. Utilize these elements as "bait", binding proteins are screened and the genes which encode the proteins are proved have different expression level in different tissues. The proteins also have cell nuclear localization and predicted to be transcription regulators.
These promoters could be utilized in plants molecular breeding. It could be help to resolve the problem of transgenic safety. Also it could be the powerful tools to drive the foreign gene express in more efficient and pertinence way for the genetically modified plants. In the future, we could use the special elements we discovered to produce the special promoters for special use in production.
利用筛选到的包含OsWRKY13基因编码区的cDNA克隆，我们得到了包含完整基因信息的基因组亚克隆。经过预测，我们截取了728 bp的启动子片段，命名为P_(WRKY13)。经转基因分析，该启动子可以被病原物和激素所诱导表达。在5’-末端的缺失试验、凝胶阻滞和定点突变的分析中，我们得到了一系列新的调控病原物诱导表达的顺式作用位点。对这些位点进行的酵母单杂交分析得到了与之结合的蛋白质信息，通过对编码这些蛋白质的基因的分析，我们发现这些蛋白都具有病原物诱导的表达模式，并且在细胞核中发挥其功能，有些还具有核定位信号或DNA结合功能，这说明这些蛋白具有核转录调控因子的特征。
同时还筛选到一个在绿色组织中表达，在胚和胚乳中不表达的cDNA克隆，它编码一个光合系统Ⅱ中的10kD多聚蛋白。我们分离了该基因约2.1 kb的启动子区段，命名为P_(D54O)。转基因植株证明该启动子特异性驱动外源基因在绿色组织中表达，而5’-末端的缺失导致了组织特异性表达谱的改变，同时伴随表达量的变化，说明了该启动子中含有调控组织特异性表达以及正或负调控基因表达量的顺式作用位点。通过凝胶阻滞的分析，我们确定了这些顺式作用位点，并采用定点突变的方法进行了验证。利用这些位点，通过酵母单杂交筛选到与之结合的转录调控蛋白，这些蛋白也被证明在不同组织中表达量存在很大差异，而且定位于细胞核中，推测这些蛋白可能具有转录调控的功能。
研究得到的启动子资源可以有效地在植物的转基因育种中加以利用，更有效、更有针对性地表达外源基因，解决转基因育种中的安全性问题，是转基因育种的有力工具。而利用研究得到的顺式作用位点，我们在将来甚至可以按人们的要求，定制特异的启动子，为人们的生产谋利。
The control of gene's expression is important mechanism for plants and animals. It is the basis of physiology, metabolism, development and reproduction of organisms. It is the hotspot of molecular biology on what is the expression controlling mechanism of genes. Promoter is the most important element for controlling gene's expression; it could drive gene express in special time, tissues and decide the level of expression. OsWRKY13 in rice is a pathogen inducible gene, including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causing bacterial blight disease, and Pyricularia grisea sacc., causing blast disease. Also it could be induced by hormone inoculation. Research on the promoter of OsWRKY13 will help us to explain the function of this gene and discover the plant disease resistance pathway. Another gene which encoding the 10 kD polypeptide in photosystemⅡhas a tissue-specific expression manner. The analysis of gene's promoter region will help to tell the mechanism of tissue-specific expression and predict the function of this unknown protein.
Using the eDNA clone which contains OsWRKYI3 gene as probe, we identified the subclone of genomic fragment contains the whole gene structure. After promoter prediction, we isolated a 728 bp promoter fragment, designated as P_(OsWRKY13). We checked the expression mode in the transgenic plants and proved that the promoter could be induced by pathogen and hormone. In the analysis of 5'-end deletion mutants, gel retardation assay and site-directed mutation, we obtained the information about the cis-acting elements for responding to the pathogen inoculation. Using these elements as "bait", we gained the proteins which interact with these elements. After examine on the genes which encode these proteins, we found that these genes all have the pathogen inducible expression pattem and play roles in cell nuclear, these may indicate that these protein had function as transcription regulators.
We also screened a cDNA clone which has a green-tissue but non-endosperm and embryo expression manner. Further we isolated the 2.1 kb promoter region and designated as P_(D54O). Transgenic plants proved that it could drive the GUS reporter gene express in green-tissues. A series 5'-end deletion mutants have changed tissue-specific expression pattem and also the expression level, it implies that the promoter region contains cis-acting elements which control the tissue-specific expression and correspond for activating or suppressing gene expression. Hiring the gel retardation assay, we identified these elements and proved these elements using site-directed mutants. Utilize these elements as "bait", binding proteins are screened and the genes which encode the proteins are proved have different expression level in different tissues. The proteins also have cell nuclear localization and predicted to be transcription regulators.
These promoters could be utilized in plants molecular breeding. It could be help to resolve the problem of transgenic safety. Also it could be the powerful tools to drive the foreign gene express in more efficient and pertinence way for the genetically modified plants. In the future, we could use the special elements we discovered to produce the special promoters for special use in production.
引文
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