基于Linux操作系统的嵌入式视频监控系统的研究与开发
摘要
视频监控一直是人们关注的应用技术热点之一，它因直观、方便、信息内容丰富而被广泛应用。目前监控系统主要分为本地模拟信号监控系统和基于PC插卡的数字监控系统，在实际应用中这两种系统暴露出需要重复布线，传输距离短，功耗高，需要有人值守，软件开放性较差等缺点。随着信息技术的迅速发展，计算机产业的发展已经到了所谓的后PC时代。嵌入式系统在各行业的应用，特别是工业现场、信息家电、机顶盒等方面的广泛使用，使嵌入式系统的研究开发成为计算机领域的一个热点。嵌入式系统是相对桌面系统来讲的，嵌入式Linux操作系统是从Linux衍生出来的一种操作系统，它支持众多嵌入式处理器并具有Unix的很多优点，而成为当前主流的嵌入式操作系统。
本文研制了一种具有图像采集、传输和处理等功能的嵌入式视频监控设备。把图像采集，图像处理和网络处理集成到了一个体积很小的设备内。它的优点在于可以在Internet上传输图像数据，基本上不受距离限制，无须重新布线；另外不像插卡系统那样易受通用计算机系统中其它软硬件影响，因此性能更稳定，且便于安装，维护。该设备把从摄像头采集到的图像数据压缩后，通过网络协议栈打包发送到网络上。用户通过因特网在任何地点都可以从客户端观看到该设备采集的图像。
通过选择龙珠(Dragon Ball)为处理器，它是Motorola公司推出的具有ARM920T核的多媒体嵌入式处理器，以嵌入式Linux为操作系统，研究在嵌入式系统上实现远程视频监控的一个应用。对嵌入式系统的概念、特点及软件、硬件进行了较详细分析讨论。重点介绍了ARM单片机子系统、图像采集模块、图像存储控制模块等硬件部分的设计原理与实现。介绍了在Linux下驱动程序、图像采集、网络通讯程序的实现原理与过程。测试结果表明该监控设备达到了设计要求。
本文的特点是将图像采集和嵌入式系统两方面的新技术有机的接合起来，研究结果具有较大的工程实际意义，对于基于IP技术的各种视频通信应用具有一定的参考价值。
Video Monitoring is one of the promising technology all the while. It is more and more used due to its excellent properties,intuitionistic,convenient and vivid contend .But, at present the video Monitoring system is mainly include analogy video monitoring system and digital video monitoring system base on PC card. Both the two system's disadvantages were found in actually apply such as must repeated wiring, distance of transmission is limited, high power consumption, need people on watch and bad in open property. As the develop of internet, image sensors and integrated circuit, the monitoring system step into the age of Kemote Video Monitoring Device Based on Embedded system. Its excellent performance makea it have latent tremendous market and considerable economic profit.
A kind of Remote Video Monitoring Device Based on Embedded system was designed in this paper .It put the function of image collecting, image processing and network conducting into a small device. Its advantage lies in can transmit the picture data on the Internet, being free from the distance restrict, needless repeated wiring and not easily be interfered by other parts of the computer system. Therefore it is mor a stable and easy to fixing, maintain. The collected image data is compressed by this device and packed, then is sent to Internet. The user can browse the image col lected by this device through Internet in any location.
The software and hardware design of the monitoring system on the basis of CMOS image sensors, ARM microprocessor and embedded US are introduced detail.edly in this thesis. Further, this paper focused on discussing how to design the hardware part including ARM singlechip sub- system, image gathering module and image buffering control module. Driver of Linux, image Collecting, image coding, network communication program are analyzed and realized also. In the final, the author discussed the methods of image synthesising and image smoothing processing. The result of the test were proved a practicability of this device.
Characteristic of this paper was associated with an innovative combination between image gathering and embedded system. Result of this research was provided with great signality of practical engineering and a valuable reference for application of video communicator base on IP technology.
本文研制了一种具有图像采集、传输和处理等功能的嵌入式视频监控设备。把图像采集，图像处理和网络处理集成到了一个体积很小的设备内。它的优点在于可以在Internet上传输图像数据，基本上不受距离限制，无须重新布线；另外不像插卡系统那样易受通用计算机系统中其它软硬件影响，因此性能更稳定，且便于安装，维护。该设备把从摄像头采集到的图像数据压缩后，通过网络协议栈打包发送到网络上。用户通过因特网在任何地点都可以从客户端观看到该设备采集的图像。
通过选择龙珠(Dragon Ball)为处理器，它是Motorola公司推出的具有ARM920T核的多媒体嵌入式处理器，以嵌入式Linux为操作系统，研究在嵌入式系统上实现远程视频监控的一个应用。对嵌入式系统的概念、特点及软件、硬件进行了较详细分析讨论。重点介绍了ARM单片机子系统、图像采集模块、图像存储控制模块等硬件部分的设计原理与实现。介绍了在Linux下驱动程序、图像采集、网络通讯程序的实现原理与过程。测试结果表明该监控设备达到了设计要求。
本文的特点是将图像采集和嵌入式系统两方面的新技术有机的接合起来，研究结果具有较大的工程实际意义，对于基于IP技术的各种视频通信应用具有一定的参考价值。
Video Monitoring is one of the promising technology all the while. It is more and more used due to its excellent properties,intuitionistic,convenient and vivid contend .But, at present the video Monitoring system is mainly include analogy video monitoring system and digital video monitoring system base on PC card. Both the two system's disadvantages were found in actually apply such as must repeated wiring, distance of transmission is limited, high power consumption, need people on watch and bad in open property. As the develop of internet, image sensors and integrated circuit, the monitoring system step into the age of Kemote Video Monitoring Device Based on Embedded system. Its excellent performance makea it have latent tremendous market and considerable economic profit.
A kind of Remote Video Monitoring Device Based on Embedded system was designed in this paper .It put the function of image collecting, image processing and network conducting into a small device. Its advantage lies in can transmit the picture data on the Internet, being free from the distance restrict, needless repeated wiring and not easily be interfered by other parts of the computer system. Therefore it is mor a stable and easy to fixing, maintain. The collected image data is compressed by this device and packed, then is sent to Internet. The user can browse the image col lected by this device through Internet in any location.
The software and hardware design of the monitoring system on the basis of CMOS image sensors, ARM microprocessor and embedded US are introduced detail.edly in this thesis. Further, this paper focused on discussing how to design the hardware part including ARM singlechip sub- system, image gathering module and image buffering control module. Driver of Linux, image Collecting, image coding, network communication program are analyzed and realized also. In the final, the author discussed the methods of image synthesising and image smoothing processing. The result of the test were proved a practicability of this device.
Characteristic of this paper was associated with an innovative combination between image gathering and embedded system. Result of this research was provided with great signality of practical engineering and a valuable reference for application of video communicator base on IP technology.
引文
[1] 文峻．网络视频监控的零距离沟通．市场报．2002．9．13
[2] 李波．数字视频监控系统：多一双眼睛看世界．科技日报．2001．10．31
[3] 基于嵌入式技术的网络视频监控系统．通信世界网．2005．3．7
[4] 张培仁．自动控制技术和应用：监控网络设计，合肥：中国科学技术大学出社．2001
[5] 传统模拟监控系统和全数字化网络监控系统的比较．安全器材界．2004．2．29
[6] 朱秀昌．图像通信应用系统．北京邮电大学出版社，2003
[7] 何立民．嵌入式系统的定义与发展简史．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2004．12
[8] 刘伟峰，唐晓英．基于以太网的嵌入式视频监控系统．电视技术．2003．06
[9] 张连明，霍迎辉．嵌入式系统的设计与开发．国外电子元器件．2004．01
[10] 朱丽英，蔡家相．离子迁移谱仪的嵌入式操作系统的选择研究．广东自动化与信息工程．2003．03
[11] 张伟，王婉南．基于Vxworks的以太网流量发生器的实现．现代电子．2004．07
[12] 朱世交，王仁武．WinCE系统中多种图像的显示及其问题的解决．计算机时代．2004．02
[13] 吴春华．基于ARM和uClinux的嵌入式系统的构建研究．浙江大学硕士文．2003
[14] 王成，刘金刚 基于Linox的嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及发展展望．微型机与应用，2004．05
[15] 张文选，范红．CMOS图像传感器介绍．长春理工大学学报．2002．01
[16] 姚素英．大动态范围CMOS图像传感器技术研究．天津大学硕士论文．2003．
[17] A. Moini. Vision Chips or Seeing Silicon. The University of Adelaide SA 5005. Australia. 1977:65-67
[18] Dickinson, A. Ackland, and B. 工nglis. D. Standard CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensors for Multimedia Applications. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits. 1995,23 (7):214-224
[19] 马思慧．数码影像市场谁主沉浮--CMOS图像传感器简介．电子世界，2001．06
[20] Johan Andr-Dinerf. A Vision System for Robots Based nn Recon_gurabl Hardware. 2002
[21] OV7660 single-chip CMOS CIF color digital camera Data Sheet. OmmVision, 2001.
[22] Kurt Wall 著，张辉译，GNU／Linux编程指南，北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[23] ARM Limited. ARM7TDMI Technical Reference Manual
[24] 李驹光．ARM应用系统开发详解—基于S3C4510B的系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社．2004．12
[25] Stevens，TCP／IP祥解，卷1：协议．北京：机械工业出版社。2002
[26] 龚仕伟，许锦标，廖翔云．基于嵌入式Web服务器的远程视频监控系统．电工技术杂志．2003，(1)：13-15
[27] 孙凤杰．基于嵌入式视频监控系统的指针识别．华北电力大学(北京)硕士论文．2004．7
[28] Panda D P, Rosenfeld A. Image segmentation by pixel classification in grey level, edge valueJapace. IEEE Trans, 1978:C-27(9):875-879.
[30] Kopilovic I, Saupe D, Hamzaoui R. Progressive fractal coding. Image Processing, 2001。 Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on, Volume: 1,2001. Page (s): 86-89 vol. 1
[31] SolariSJ. Digital Video and Audio Compression. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2000.
[32] 冯永红，朱善军，裁剪Linux技术分析，嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集，2001
[33] 孙景，徐钊，杨艳红等，实时操作系统BSP的分析及实现，嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集，2001
[34] Timothy Parker著，Linux系统管理，电子工业出版社，2000，7
[35] Scott Maxwell著，Linux内核代码分析，机械工业出版社，1996．4
[36] Jim Keogh著，轻松学用Linux编程机械工业出版社，1997．10
[37] 周魏松，等著，Linux系统分析与高级编程技术，机械工业出版社，1997．2
[2] 李波．数字视频监控系统：多一双眼睛看世界．科技日报．2001．10．31
[3] 基于嵌入式技术的网络视频监控系统．通信世界网．2005．3．7
[4] 张培仁．自动控制技术和应用：监控网络设计，合肥：中国科学技术大学出社．2001
[5] 传统模拟监控系统和全数字化网络监控系统的比较．安全器材界．2004．2．29
[6] 朱秀昌．图像通信应用系统．北京邮电大学出版社，2003
[7] 何立民．嵌入式系统的定义与发展简史．单片机与嵌入式系统应用．2004．12
[8] 刘伟峰，唐晓英．基于以太网的嵌入式视频监控系统．电视技术．2003．06
[9] 张连明，霍迎辉．嵌入式系统的设计与开发．国外电子元器件．2004．01
[10] 朱丽英，蔡家相．离子迁移谱仪的嵌入式操作系统的选择研究．广东自动化与信息工程．2003．03
[11] 张伟，王婉南．基于Vxworks的以太网流量发生器的实现．现代电子．2004．07
[12] 朱世交，王仁武．WinCE系统中多种图像的显示及其问题的解决．计算机时代．2004．02
[13] 吴春华．基于ARM和uClinux的嵌入式系统的构建研究．浙江大学硕士文．2003
[14] 王成，刘金刚 基于Linox的嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及发展展望．微型机与应用，2004．05
[15] 张文选，范红．CMOS图像传感器介绍．长春理工大学学报．2002．01
[16] 姚素英．大动态范围CMOS图像传感器技术研究．天津大学硕士论文．2003．
[17] A. Moini. Vision Chips or Seeing Silicon. The University of Adelaide SA 5005. Australia. 1977:65-67
[18] Dickinson, A. Ackland, and B. 工nglis. D. Standard CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensors for Multimedia Applications. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits. 1995,23 (7):214-224
[19] 马思慧．数码影像市场谁主沉浮--CMOS图像传感器简介．电子世界，2001．06
[20] Johan Andr-Dinerf. A Vision System for Robots Based nn Recon_gurabl Hardware. 2002
[21] OV7660 single-chip CMOS CIF color digital camera Data Sheet. OmmVision, 2001.
[22] Kurt Wall 著，张辉译，GNU／Linux编程指南，北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[23] ARM Limited. ARM7TDMI Technical Reference Manual
[24] 李驹光．ARM应用系统开发详解—基于S3C4510B的系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社．2004．12
[25] Stevens，TCP／IP祥解，卷1：协议．北京：机械工业出版社。2002
[26] 龚仕伟，许锦标，廖翔云．基于嵌入式Web服务器的远程视频监控系统．电工技术杂志．2003，(1)：13-15
[27] 孙凤杰．基于嵌入式视频监控系统的指针识别．华北电力大学(北京)硕士论文．2004．7
[28] Panda D P, Rosenfeld A. Image segmentation by pixel classification in grey level, edge valueJapace. IEEE Trans, 1978:C-27(9):875-879.
[30] Kopilovic I, Saupe D, Hamzaoui R. Progressive fractal coding. Image Processing, 2001。 Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on, Volume: 1,2001. Page (s): 86-89 vol. 1
[31] SolariSJ. Digital Video and Audio Compression. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2000.
[32] 冯永红，朱善军，裁剪Linux技术分析，嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集，2001
[33] 孙景，徐钊，杨艳红等，实时操作系统BSP的分析及实现，嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集，2001
[34] Timothy Parker著，Linux系统管理，电子工业出版社，2000，7
[35] Scott Maxwell著，Linux内核代码分析，机械工业出版社，1996．4
[36] Jim Keogh著，轻松学用Linux编程机械工业出版社，1997．10
[37] 周魏松，等著，Linux系统分析与高级编程技术，机械工业出版社，1997．2