甘薯茎叶多酚类物质的提取及其基因型差异与环境效应的研究
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摘要
我国是世界上甘薯栽培面积最大的国家,甘薯茎叶资源丰富,以往对甘薯块根营养及保健价值的研究很多,但是对甘薯茎叶的研究却很少。本文采用响应面设计法分别对甘薯叶、叶柄、茎中多酚类物质的提取方法进行优化,同时以6个甘薯品种6个实验点3次重复的区试样品为试验材料,研究了甘薯茎叶多酚类物质的基因型及其环境效应。主要研究结果如下：
1.采用响应面试验设计方法对甘薯叶、叶柄、茎多酚化合物的超声波法最佳提取工艺进行了研究,结果表明：甘薯叶多酚最佳提取条件是乙醇浓度60%,物料比1：38,提取时间是40 min；甘薯叶柄多酚最佳提取条件是乙醇浓度60%,物料比1：33,提取时间是26 min；甘薯茎多酚最佳提取条件是乙醇60%,物料比1：33,提取时间是26 min。可靠性验证实验表明,上述提取方法的优化条件是可靠的。
2.采用响应面试验设计法对甘薯叶、叶柄、茎中黄酮超声波法最佳提取方法的研究结果表明：甘薯叶黄酮最佳提取方法为：乙醇浓度81%,提取时间是42 min,物料比是1：42；叶柄黄酮最佳提取方法为：乙醇浓度78%,提取时间35 min,物料比1：40；茎黄酮最佳提取组合是：乙醇浓度78%,提取时间是35 min,物料比1：40。
3.采用紫外分光光度法测定了区试甘薯样品叶、柄、茎中多酚的含量,研究了甘薯茎叶多酚含量的基因型与环境效应,研究结果发现甘薯茎叶多酚的含量在基因型、环境效应、基因型×环境效应间存在极显著差异,这表明甘薯茎叶多酚含量受基因型、环境效应以及基因型和环境互作作用的影响。经过综合评价和稳定性分析,发现叶中多酚稳定性顺序由强到弱：“宁甬紫”、“浙258”、“浙738”、“浙15”、“徐紫3号”、“徐18”；叶柄多酚稳定性由强到弱是：“浙15”、“宁甬紫”、“徐18”、“浙738”、“徐紫3号”、“浙258”；茎多酚含量稳定性由强到弱顺序是：“浙738”、“浙15”、“浙258”、“宁甬紫”、“徐18”、“徐紫3号”。
4.采用紫外分光光度法测定了区试甘薯样品叶、柄、茎中黄酮的含量,研究了甘薯茎叶黄酮含量的基因型与环境效应,研究结果表明,甘薯茎叶在基因型、环境效应、基因型×环境效应间存在极显著差异,这表明甘薯黄酮含量受基因型、环境效应以及基因型和环境效应互作作用的影响。经过综合评价和稳定性分析,叶黄酮含量稳定性顺序是：“宁甬紫”>“浙258”>“徐18”>“浙15”>“徐紫3号”>“浙738”；叶柄黄酮含量稳定性顺序是：“徐紫3号”>“徐18”>“宁甬紫”>“浙738”>“浙15”>“浙258”；茎黄酮含量稳定性顺序是：“浙15”>“宁甬紫”>“徐18”>“浙258”>“徐紫3号”>“浙738”。
这些结果的获得为开展甘薯地上部分多酚物质的提取和成分分析等提供了理论依据。
China is the largest country of cultivating sweetpotato in the world. The resources of leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotato are huge. Many researches have reported about sweetpotato, however, little informations which were about sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems were available. In this paper, the best extraction way for flavonoids, polyphenols of sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems was constructed by the method of response surface analysis, while with a multiple location experiments of six genotypies and six growing locations of three duplications. The genotype variation and environmental effects on the polyphenols were analysied. The main results were as follows:
1. Optimization of ultra sound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotato using response surface method were studied. The result showed that for the leaves of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 60%of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:38 and extracting for 40 minutes. For stalks of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 60% of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:33 and extracting for 26 minutes. And for stems, the optimal extraction conditions were 60% of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:33 and extracting for 26 minutes.
2. Optimization of ultra sound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotato using response surface method were studied. The result showed that for the leaves of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 81% of ethanol, extracting for 42 minutes and the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:42. For stalks of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 78% of ethanol, extracting for 35 minutes and the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:40. And for stems, the optimal extraction conditions were 78% of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:40 and extracting for 35 minutes.
3. The polyphenol contents of sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems samples from the multiple location experiments were determined. Genotypes by location interaction were found to have extremely significant effects on polyphenol content in leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotatoes. After a comprehensive assessment and analysis, The stability of polyphenols in sweetpotato leaves,stalks and stems from strong to weak are:"Ningyongzi", " Zhe258 "," Zhe738 "," Zhe15"," Xuzi3 "," Xu18 "; " Zhe15 "," Ningyo-ngzi "," Xu18 ", " Zhe738 ", " Xuzi3 ", " Zhe258"; "Zhe738 ", " Zhe15 ", "Zhe258 ", " Ning-yongzi", " Xu18 "," Xuzi3 ".
4. The flavonoid contents of sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems samples from the multiplme location experiments were determined. Genotypes by location interaction were found to have extremely significant effects on flavonoid content in leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotatoes. After acomprehensive assessment and stable analysis, The stability of polyphenols in sweetpotato leaves,stalks and stems are:" Ningyongzi "> " Zhe258 "> " Xu18 "> " Zhe15 ">" Xuzi3 "> " Zhe738 "; " Xuzi3 "> " Xu18 "> " Ningyongzi ">" Zhe738 ">" Zhe15 "> " Zhe258 "; " Zhe15 ">"Ningyongzi"> "Xu18 "> "Zhe258 ">"Xuzi3 "> " Zhe738 ".
The present research results provided a theoretical base for the polyphenols from the leaves,stalks and stems of sweetpotatoes and components analysis.
1.采用响应面试验设计方法对甘薯叶、叶柄、茎多酚化合物的超声波法最佳提取工艺进行了研究,结果表明：甘薯叶多酚最佳提取条件是乙醇浓度60%,物料比1：38,提取时间是40 min；甘薯叶柄多酚最佳提取条件是乙醇浓度60%,物料比1：33,提取时间是26 min；甘薯茎多酚最佳提取条件是乙醇60%,物料比1：33,提取时间是26 min。可靠性验证实验表明,上述提取方法的优化条件是可靠的。
2.采用响应面试验设计法对甘薯叶、叶柄、茎中黄酮超声波法最佳提取方法的研究结果表明：甘薯叶黄酮最佳提取方法为：乙醇浓度81%,提取时间是42 min,物料比是1：42；叶柄黄酮最佳提取方法为：乙醇浓度78%,提取时间35 min,物料比1：40；茎黄酮最佳提取组合是：乙醇浓度78%,提取时间是35 min,物料比1：40。
3.采用紫外分光光度法测定了区试甘薯样品叶、柄、茎中多酚的含量,研究了甘薯茎叶多酚含量的基因型与环境效应,研究结果发现甘薯茎叶多酚的含量在基因型、环境效应、基因型×环境效应间存在极显著差异,这表明甘薯茎叶多酚含量受基因型、环境效应以及基因型和环境互作作用的影响。经过综合评价和稳定性分析,发现叶中多酚稳定性顺序由强到弱：“宁甬紫”、“浙258”、“浙738”、“浙15”、“徐紫3号”、“徐18”；叶柄多酚稳定性由强到弱是：“浙15”、“宁甬紫”、“徐18”、“浙738”、“徐紫3号”、“浙258”；茎多酚含量稳定性由强到弱顺序是：“浙738”、“浙15”、“浙258”、“宁甬紫”、“徐18”、“徐紫3号”。
4.采用紫外分光光度法测定了区试甘薯样品叶、柄、茎中黄酮的含量,研究了甘薯茎叶黄酮含量的基因型与环境效应,研究结果表明,甘薯茎叶在基因型、环境效应、基因型×环境效应间存在极显著差异,这表明甘薯黄酮含量受基因型、环境效应以及基因型和环境效应互作作用的影响。经过综合评价和稳定性分析,叶黄酮含量稳定性顺序是：“宁甬紫”>“浙258”>“徐18”>“浙15”>“徐紫3号”>“浙738”；叶柄黄酮含量稳定性顺序是：“徐紫3号”>“徐18”>“宁甬紫”>“浙738”>“浙15”>“浙258”；茎黄酮含量稳定性顺序是：“浙15”>“宁甬紫”>“徐18”>“浙258”>“徐紫3号”>“浙738”。
这些结果的获得为开展甘薯地上部分多酚物质的提取和成分分析等提供了理论依据。
China is the largest country of cultivating sweetpotato in the world. The resources of leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotato are huge. Many researches have reported about sweetpotato, however, little informations which were about sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems were available. In this paper, the best extraction way for flavonoids, polyphenols of sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems was constructed by the method of response surface analysis, while with a multiple location experiments of six genotypies and six growing locations of three duplications. The genotype variation and environmental effects on the polyphenols were analysied. The main results were as follows:
1. Optimization of ultra sound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotato using response surface method were studied. The result showed that for the leaves of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 60%of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:38 and extracting for 40 minutes. For stalks of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 60% of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:33 and extracting for 26 minutes. And for stems, the optimal extraction conditions were 60% of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:33 and extracting for 26 minutes.
2. Optimization of ultra sound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotato using response surface method were studied. The result showed that for the leaves of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 81% of ethanol, extracting for 42 minutes and the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:42. For stalks of sweetpotato, the optimal extraction conditions were 78% of ethanol, extracting for 35 minutes and the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:40. And for stems, the optimal extraction conditions were 78% of ethanol, the ratio of sample to extracting reagent 1:40 and extracting for 35 minutes.
3. The polyphenol contents of sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems samples from the multiple location experiments were determined. Genotypes by location interaction were found to have extremely significant effects on polyphenol content in leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotatoes. After a comprehensive assessment and analysis, The stability of polyphenols in sweetpotato leaves,stalks and stems from strong to weak are:"Ningyongzi", " Zhe258 "," Zhe738 "," Zhe15"," Xuzi3 "," Xu18 "; " Zhe15 "," Ningyo-ngzi "," Xu18 ", " Zhe738 ", " Xuzi3 ", " Zhe258"; "Zhe738 ", " Zhe15 ", "Zhe258 ", " Ning-yongzi", " Xu18 "," Xuzi3 ".
4. The flavonoid contents of sweetpotato leaves, stalks and stems samples from the multiplme location experiments were determined. Genotypes by location interaction were found to have extremely significant effects on flavonoid content in leaves, stalks and stems of sweetpotatoes. After acomprehensive assessment and stable analysis, The stability of polyphenols in sweetpotato leaves,stalks and stems are:" Ningyongzi "> " Zhe258 "> " Xu18 "> " Zhe15 ">" Xuzi3 "> " Zhe738 "; " Xuzi3 "> " Xu18 "> " Ningyongzi ">" Zhe738 ">" Zhe15 "> " Zhe258 "; " Zhe15 ">"Ningyongzi"> "Xu18 "> "Zhe258 ">"Xuzi3 "> " Zhe738 ".
The present research results provided a theoretical base for the polyphenols from the leaves,stalks and stems of sweetpotatoes and components analysis.
引文
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