紫外测风激光雷达双边缘滤波器分析及性能检测
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摘要
由于具有分辨率高、灵敏度高等优点,具有很大的应用前景,激光测风雷达是近些年来发展非常迅速的一种测风雷达体制。特别是在海洋上空洁净大气中气溶胶含量少,利用同时测量大气分子和气溶胶后向散射来反演大气风速的激光测风雷达具有很大的应用价值。本课题就是采用355nm紫外激光运用直接探测体制来测量洁净大气下的风场。
根据本课题运用的背景,激光测风雷达采用直接探测体制。直接探测技术使用单边缘技术或双边缘检测技术,可以实现较高的风场测量精度和测量分辨率,并有比较远的作用距离和探测范围。文章对多普勒激光测风雷达的基本原理进行了介绍,并对基于其原理的直接探测测风雷达进行详细的论述,对其关键技术双边缘检测进行了介绍和理论计算,其中主要工作如下:
一基于海洋上空纯净大气背景,计算出了大气后向散射系数与探测距离的关系,并且通过计算得出了F-P标准具半高宽的理想数值。
二在前面理论仿真基础上,根据需要对激光测风雷达各个部分进行分析,包括激光的发射系统、光学接收系统、控制和处理系统等。特别是鉴频部分的设计是最关键部分,对其进行了详细的设计介绍。通过理论计算和实际需要对其它各个部分的参数进行了初步设定。
三对标准具性能检测实验进行了设计。通过实验检测得到了透过率曲线。
四通过对入射光的入射角、发散角、表面质量以及平行度对透过率曲线的影响,为后续的测风实验提供理论基础。
Because of its high sensitivity and accuracy in last years , the wind measurement Doppler lidar has developed very quickly and has the greatly applied foreground. Especially in the clean atmosphere where there is little aerosols, the lidar has the greatly applied value to the wind measurement. This topic talks about the direct-detection lidar which gets the wind velocity of the clean atmosphere with which wave length is 355nm.
According to the background, this topic uses the direct-detection principle. The direct-detection technique that adopts the edge technique or the double-edge technique has the high-accuracy and resolving-power to get the wide wind field.
This paper introduces the principle of the Doppler lidar wind measurement, the direct-detection technique , the key part-the double edge technique and the detection of double-edge filter . The mainly working as follows:
Firstly, on the foundation of the clean atmosphere above the sea, we get the change between the scatter of the atmosphere and the distance. By the calculation of the etalon HWHM we get its ideal number value.
Secondly, this paper designs the parts of this system including the laser receives system, control and the processing system, especially the main parts of the laser and etalon. Then the index of this system is confirmed by calculating.
Thirdly, with the experiment of detecting the F-P etalon, we get the curve of the transparence.
At last, through the analysis of effect with the laser incidence angle, radiation angle, surface quality and the parallel, the paper introduces the design to analysis and performance of the Fabry-Perot etalon for the direct-detection wind measurement Doppler lidar.
根据本课题运用的背景,激光测风雷达采用直接探测体制。直接探测技术使用单边缘技术或双边缘检测技术,可以实现较高的风场测量精度和测量分辨率,并有比较远的作用距离和探测范围。文章对多普勒激光测风雷达的基本原理进行了介绍,并对基于其原理的直接探测测风雷达进行详细的论述,对其关键技术双边缘检测进行了介绍和理论计算,其中主要工作如下:
一基于海洋上空纯净大气背景,计算出了大气后向散射系数与探测距离的关系,并且通过计算得出了F-P标准具半高宽的理想数值。
二在前面理论仿真基础上,根据需要对激光测风雷达各个部分进行分析,包括激光的发射系统、光学接收系统、控制和处理系统等。特别是鉴频部分的设计是最关键部分,对其进行了详细的设计介绍。通过理论计算和实际需要对其它各个部分的参数进行了初步设定。
三对标准具性能检测实验进行了设计。通过实验检测得到了透过率曲线。
四通过对入射光的入射角、发散角、表面质量以及平行度对透过率曲线的影响,为后续的测风实验提供理论基础。
Because of its high sensitivity and accuracy in last years , the wind measurement Doppler lidar has developed very quickly and has the greatly applied foreground. Especially in the clean atmosphere where there is little aerosols, the lidar has the greatly applied value to the wind measurement. This topic talks about the direct-detection lidar which gets the wind velocity of the clean atmosphere with which wave length is 355nm.
According to the background, this topic uses the direct-detection principle. The direct-detection technique that adopts the edge technique or the double-edge technique has the high-accuracy and resolving-power to get the wide wind field.
This paper introduces the principle of the Doppler lidar wind measurement, the direct-detection technique , the key part-the double edge technique and the detection of double-edge filter . The mainly working as follows:
Firstly, on the foundation of the clean atmosphere above the sea, we get the change between the scatter of the atmosphere and the distance. By the calculation of the etalon HWHM we get its ideal number value.
Secondly, this paper designs the parts of this system including the laser receives system, control and the processing system, especially the main parts of the laser and etalon. Then the index of this system is confirmed by calculating.
Thirdly, with the experiment of detecting the F-P etalon, we get the curve of the transparence.
At last, through the analysis of effect with the laser incidence angle, radiation angle, surface quality and the parallel, the paper introduces the design to analysis and performance of the Fabry-Perot etalon for the direct-detection wind measurement Doppler lidar.
引文
1 C. Flesia, C. L. Korb. Theory Of The Double-edge Molecular Technique for Doppler Lidar Wind Measurement. Applied Optics. 1999, 38(3):432~440
2 C. L. Korb, B. Gentry, C. Weng, The Edge Technique: Theory and Application to the Lidar Measurement of Atmospheric Winds. Applied Optics. 1992, 31:4202~4213
3刘金涛.非相干激光测风雷达理论模拟及光学系统和软件设计.青岛海洋大学工学博士学位论文.2001:5~39
4 C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry, S. X. Li, C. Flesia. Theory of the Double-edge Technique For Doppler Lidar Wind Measurement. Applied Optics. 1998, 37(2):3097~3104
5 B. M. Gentry, Huailin Chen, Steven X. Li. Wind Measurements with 355-nm Molecular Doppler Lidar. Optics Letters. 2001, 25(17):1231~1234
6 A. Garnier, M. L. Chanin. Description of a Doppler Rayleigh lidar for Measuring Winds in the Middle Atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989, 16:1273~1276
7 C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry, S. Xingfu Li. Edge Technique Doppler Lidar Wind Measurements with High Vertical Resolution. Applied Optics.1997, 36(24):5976~5983
8 C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry. C. Weng. The Edge Technique-theory and Application to the Lidar Measurement of Atmospheric Winds. Applied Optics. 1992, 31:4202~4213
9孙东松,钟志庆.1.06μm直接接收米散射测风激光雷达的性能分析.激光与红外.2004,34(6):135~138
10刘金涛,陈卫标,刘智深.高光谱分辨率激光雷达同时测量大气风和气溶学性质的模拟研究.大气科学. 2003, 27(1):13~16
11王刚,非相干激光雷达测量大气风速的研究,成都电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004,(3):12~13
12刘智深,宋小全,刘金涛.非相干脉冲激光多普勒雷达测速系统.科学通报. 2001, 46(24):2080~2085
13夏海云,孙东松,钟志庆.测风激光雷达中F-P标准具的分析及性能检测.激光与红外. 2006, (35):135~138
14 C. Souprayen, A. Garnier and A. Hertzog, Rayleigh-Mie Doppler Wind Lidar for Atmospheric Measurements. II. Mie Scattering Effect, Theory, and Calibration, Appl. Opt., 1999(38):2422~2425
15 C. A. Tepley and S. I. S. Sarooytchev, The Doppler Rayleigh Lidar System at Arecibo, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1993:31~36
16 Z. S. Liu, W. B. Chen, J.W. Hair, and C. Y. She, Proposed Ground-based Iincoherent Doppler Lidar with Iodine Filter Discriminator for Atmospheric Wind profiling, Proceeding of SPIE, 1996:34~36
17 Zhi-Shen Liu, Dong Wu, et al. Low-altitude Atmospheric Wind Measurement from Hecombined Mie and Rayleigh Backscattering by Doppler lidar with an with an Odine Filter, Appl Opt, 2002, 41(33):7079~7086
18 John W. Hair, Loren M. Caldwell, David A. Krueger, and Chiao-Yao She. High-spectral-resolution Lidar with Iodine-Wap. or Filters: Measurement of Tmospheric-state and Aerosol Profiles. Applied Optics, 2001, (40):30~35
19 J. W. Bilbro, H. B. Jeffreys, E. A. Weaver, et al., Laser Doppler Velcimeter Wake Vortex Tests, NASA Report TMX-64996, FAA-RD-76-11, 1976:32~35
20 J. M. Vaughan, and A. A. Woodfield, Airspeed and Wind Shear Measurements with an Airborne Laser, Int. J. Aviation Safety, 1983, (1):207~208
21 E. A. Weaver, Clear Air Turbulence Using Lasers, NASA Aircraft Safety and Operating Problem Conference, NASA SP 1971, (270):89~91
22 K. A. Browning, R. Wexler. The Determination of Kinematic Properties of a Wind Field Using Doppler Radar. J. Appl. Meteor. ,1968, 7(1):105~113
23 C. Souprayen, A. Garnier, et al., Rayleigh-Mie Doppler Wind Lidar for Atmospheric Measurements. I. Instrumental Setup Validation and First Climatological Results, Appl. Opt., 1999, (38):2410~2412
24 C. Souprayen, A. Garnier and A. Hertzog, Rayleigh-Mie Doppler Wind Lidar for Atmospheric Measurements. II. Mie Scattering Effect, Theory, and Calibration, Appl. Opt., 1999(38):2422~2425
25 C. A. Tepley and S. I. S. Sarooytchev, The Doppler Rayleigh Lidar System at Arecibo, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1993:31~36
26 C. A. Tepley, Neutral Winds of The Middle Atmosphere Observed at Arecibo Using a Doppler Rayleigh lidar, J. Geophy. Res. 1994:99~100
27 J.W. Hair, L. M. Caldwell, D.A. Krueger, and C.Y. She, High Spectral Resolution Lidar for Measuring Aerosol and Atmospheric Stste Parameters Using an Iodine Vapor Filter at 532nm,Proceeding of SPIE, 1996:34~36
28 Z.S. Liu, W.B. Chen, J.W. Hair, and C.Y. She, Proposed Ground-based Iincoherent Doppler Lidar with Iodine Filter Discriminator for Atmospheric Wind profiling, Proceeding of SPIE, 1996:34~36
29 Zhi-Shen Liu, Dong Wu, et al. Low-altitude Atmospheric Wind Measurement from Hecombined Mie and Rayleigh Backscattering by Doppler lidar with an with an Odine Filter, Appl Opt, 2002, 41(33):7079~7086
30 John W. Hair, Loren M. Caldwell, David A. Krueger, and Chiao-Yao She. High-spectral-resolution Lidar with Iodine-Wap. or Filters: Measurement of Tmospheric-state and Aerosol Profiles. Applied Optics, 2001, (40):30~35
31 J. W. Bilbro, H. B. Jeffreys, E. A. Weaver, et al., Laser Doppler Velcimeter Wake Vortex Tests, NASA Report TMX-64996, FAA-RD-76-11, 1976:32~35
32 J. M. Vaughan, and A. A. Woodfield, Airspeed and Wind Shear Measurements with an Airborne Laser, Int. J. Aviation Safety, 1983, (1):207~208
33王雨三,张中华,林殿阳.光电子学原理与应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2002:111~113
34 McKay, Jack. A. Modeling of Direct Detection Doppler Wind Lidar. I. The edge technique ,Applied Optics, 1998:6480~6482
35夏海云,孙东松.测风激光雷达中F-P标准具的性能检测.激光与红外.2005, (31):121~123
36 McKay, Jack A. Modeling of Direct Detection Doppler Wind Lidar. I. The Edge Technique. Applied Optics, 1998, 37(27):6480~6483
37 McKay, Jack. A. High-performance Fabry-Perot Etalon Mount for Spaceflight Optical Engineering, 2000, 39(1):315~319
38 E. A. Weaver, Clear Air Turbulence Using Lasers, NASA Aircraft Safety and Operating Problem Conference, NASA SP 1971, (270):89~91
39 Valley. S. L, Handbook of Geophysics and Space Environments, McGraw, Hill Bookcompany, 1965:12~13
40 B. M. Gentry, Huailin Chen, Steven X. Li. Wind Measurements with 355-nm Molecular Doppler Lidar. Optics Letters. 2001, 25(17):1231~1234
2 C. L. Korb, B. Gentry, C. Weng, The Edge Technique: Theory and Application to the Lidar Measurement of Atmospheric Winds. Applied Optics. 1992, 31:4202~4213
3刘金涛.非相干激光测风雷达理论模拟及光学系统和软件设计.青岛海洋大学工学博士学位论文.2001:5~39
4 C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry, S. X. Li, C. Flesia. Theory of the Double-edge Technique For Doppler Lidar Wind Measurement. Applied Optics. 1998, 37(2):3097~3104
5 B. M. Gentry, Huailin Chen, Steven X. Li. Wind Measurements with 355-nm Molecular Doppler Lidar. Optics Letters. 2001, 25(17):1231~1234
6 A. Garnier, M. L. Chanin. Description of a Doppler Rayleigh lidar for Measuring Winds in the Middle Atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989, 16:1273~1276
7 C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry, S. Xingfu Li. Edge Technique Doppler Lidar Wind Measurements with High Vertical Resolution. Applied Optics.1997, 36(24):5976~5983
8 C. L. Korb, B. M. Gentry. C. Weng. The Edge Technique-theory and Application to the Lidar Measurement of Atmospheric Winds. Applied Optics. 1992, 31:4202~4213
9孙东松,钟志庆.1.06μm直接接收米散射测风激光雷达的性能分析.激光与红外.2004,34(6):135~138
10刘金涛,陈卫标,刘智深.高光谱分辨率激光雷达同时测量大气风和气溶学性质的模拟研究.大气科学. 2003, 27(1):13~16
11王刚,非相干激光雷达测量大气风速的研究,成都电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004,(3):12~13
12刘智深,宋小全,刘金涛.非相干脉冲激光多普勒雷达测速系统.科学通报. 2001, 46(24):2080~2085
13夏海云,孙东松,钟志庆.测风激光雷达中F-P标准具的分析及性能检测.激光与红外. 2006, (35):135~138
14 C. Souprayen, A. Garnier and A. Hertzog, Rayleigh-Mie Doppler Wind Lidar for Atmospheric Measurements. II. Mie Scattering Effect, Theory, and Calibration, Appl. Opt., 1999(38):2422~2425
15 C. A. Tepley and S. I. S. Sarooytchev, The Doppler Rayleigh Lidar System at Arecibo, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1993:31~36
16 Z. S. Liu, W. B. Chen, J.W. Hair, and C. Y. She, Proposed Ground-based Iincoherent Doppler Lidar with Iodine Filter Discriminator for Atmospheric Wind profiling, Proceeding of SPIE, 1996:34~36
17 Zhi-Shen Liu, Dong Wu, et al. Low-altitude Atmospheric Wind Measurement from Hecombined Mie and Rayleigh Backscattering by Doppler lidar with an with an Odine Filter, Appl Opt, 2002, 41(33):7079~7086
18 John W. Hair, Loren M. Caldwell, David A. Krueger, and Chiao-Yao She. High-spectral-resolution Lidar with Iodine-Wap. or Filters: Measurement of Tmospheric-state and Aerosol Profiles. Applied Optics, 2001, (40):30~35
19 J. W. Bilbro, H. B. Jeffreys, E. A. Weaver, et al., Laser Doppler Velcimeter Wake Vortex Tests, NASA Report TMX-64996, FAA-RD-76-11, 1976:32~35
20 J. M. Vaughan, and A. A. Woodfield, Airspeed and Wind Shear Measurements with an Airborne Laser, Int. J. Aviation Safety, 1983, (1):207~208
21 E. A. Weaver, Clear Air Turbulence Using Lasers, NASA Aircraft Safety and Operating Problem Conference, NASA SP 1971, (270):89~91
22 K. A. Browning, R. Wexler. The Determination of Kinematic Properties of a Wind Field Using Doppler Radar. J. Appl. Meteor. ,1968, 7(1):105~113
23 C. Souprayen, A. Garnier, et al., Rayleigh-Mie Doppler Wind Lidar for Atmospheric Measurements. I. Instrumental Setup Validation and First Climatological Results, Appl. Opt., 1999, (38):2410~2412
24 C. Souprayen, A. Garnier and A. Hertzog, Rayleigh-Mie Doppler Wind Lidar for Atmospheric Measurements. II. Mie Scattering Effect, Theory, and Calibration, Appl. Opt., 1999(38):2422~2425
25 C. A. Tepley and S. I. S. Sarooytchev, The Doppler Rayleigh Lidar System at Arecibo, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 1993:31~36
26 C. A. Tepley, Neutral Winds of The Middle Atmosphere Observed at Arecibo Using a Doppler Rayleigh lidar, J. Geophy. Res. 1994:99~100
27 J.W. Hair, L. M. Caldwell, D.A. Krueger, and C.Y. She, High Spectral Resolution Lidar for Measuring Aerosol and Atmospheric Stste Parameters Using an Iodine Vapor Filter at 532nm,Proceeding of SPIE, 1996:34~36
28 Z.S. Liu, W.B. Chen, J.W. Hair, and C.Y. She, Proposed Ground-based Iincoherent Doppler Lidar with Iodine Filter Discriminator for Atmospheric Wind profiling, Proceeding of SPIE, 1996:34~36
29 Zhi-Shen Liu, Dong Wu, et al. Low-altitude Atmospheric Wind Measurement from Hecombined Mie and Rayleigh Backscattering by Doppler lidar with an with an Odine Filter, Appl Opt, 2002, 41(33):7079~7086
30 John W. Hair, Loren M. Caldwell, David A. Krueger, and Chiao-Yao She. High-spectral-resolution Lidar with Iodine-Wap. or Filters: Measurement of Tmospheric-state and Aerosol Profiles. Applied Optics, 2001, (40):30~35
31 J. W. Bilbro, H. B. Jeffreys, E. A. Weaver, et al., Laser Doppler Velcimeter Wake Vortex Tests, NASA Report TMX-64996, FAA-RD-76-11, 1976:32~35
32 J. M. Vaughan, and A. A. Woodfield, Airspeed and Wind Shear Measurements with an Airborne Laser, Int. J. Aviation Safety, 1983, (1):207~208
33王雨三,张中华,林殿阳.光电子学原理与应用.哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2002:111~113
34 McKay, Jack. A. Modeling of Direct Detection Doppler Wind Lidar. I. The edge technique ,Applied Optics, 1998:6480~6482
35夏海云,孙东松.测风激光雷达中F-P标准具的性能检测.激光与红外.2005, (31):121~123
36 McKay, Jack A. Modeling of Direct Detection Doppler Wind Lidar. I. The Edge Technique. Applied Optics, 1998, 37(27):6480~6483
37 McKay, Jack. A. High-performance Fabry-Perot Etalon Mount for Spaceflight Optical Engineering, 2000, 39(1):315~319
38 E. A. Weaver, Clear Air Turbulence Using Lasers, NASA Aircraft Safety and Operating Problem Conference, NASA SP 1971, (270):89~91
39 Valley. S. L, Handbook of Geophysics and Space Environments, McGraw, Hill Bookcompany, 1965:12~13
40 B. M. Gentry, Huailin Chen, Steven X. Li. Wind Measurements with 355-nm Molecular Doppler Lidar. Optics Letters. 2001, 25(17):1231~1234