面向GIS的车载空间数据采集系统研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的高速发展,道路等基础设施日新月异,同时人们对空间数据需求也愈来愈火,要求也愈来愈高。测绘成果必须快速更新,方可使其具备实时、全面、准确等实用特征。现代高科技支持下的移动测量系统(Mobile Mapping System,MMS)就是一种快速采集GIS空间数据的方式。它可以快速获取道路及道路两旁地理实体的空间数据利属性数据。MMS数据采集以其高效率、低成本等优点正成为传统人工测量方法与航空摄影测量方法的有效补充。针对MMS系统以及基于MmS的空间数据采集研究对促进我国测绘领域的研究和提高交通信息化与现代化管理水平都具有重要的理论和应用价值。
MMS系统的数据后处理只能在CCD相机摄取的立体影像上进行坐标及距离量测。获得目标地理实体结构化的GIS数据才是最终目标。所以,面向GIS的车载空间数据采集系统研究是MMS数据后处理系统研究的关键内容之一。本文以车载三维数据采集系统3DRMS为研究平台,对MMS系统GIS空间数据采集系统进行研究。主要内容如下:
(1)面向GIS的空间数据采集与编辑处理。本文采用Geodatabase为数据存储模型。在Catalog工作模式下实现目标地物特征类的定制。在Map工作模式下从CCD立体影像中直接采集空间地理实体,并在Geodatabase中结构化存储,从而实现目标地物GIS数据的一站式采集。对于属性数据和空间数据的错误提供了方便的编辑功能予以纠正。对于存在信息盲点以及非一次性采集到的地理实体也通过编辑功能完成采集。
(2)面向GIS的数据可视化组织与管理。面向GIS数据采集,设计出了Map与Catalog两种互动工作模式。在Map工作模式下以图层方式对自动生成的轨迹点与轨迹线、作业员定制并导入的目标地物特征类以及导入的外源基础GIS数据进行可视化组织与管理。同时将MMS系统所获取的CCD立体影像与轨迹进行动态关联,有效支持基于MMS的GIS数据采集;在Catalog工作模式下,以资源管理器组织项目工作目录,支持采集成果即Geodatabase下特征类的定制以及数据可视化,同时支持轨迹点、轨迹线、项目地图文档以及外源数据的可视化组织与管理。
基于上述研究内容,取得的主要研究成果如下:将CCD影像立体量测与GIS空间数据采集与编辑有机集成到同一环境,设计了从CCD立体影像直接采集结构化GIS空间数据的流程,实现了基于MMS的GIS空间数据一站式采集;根据CCD立体影像的空间位置相关性,提出了MMS系统中“CCD立体影像管理地理信息系统”的理念,将MMS系统中获取到的大量CCD立体影像以GIS的方式组织管理。配合GIS空间数据采集,设计并实现了CCD立体影像与MMS轨迹点的动态关联器。其有效提高了基于MMS的GIS空间数据生产效率,缩短了空间数据生产周期,具有很强的适用性。
Along with fast development of society and economy, road and the infrastructure change with each passing day. At the same time, there is a great demand for spatial data of high quality. Only the survey result to be renewed quickly, just it has more practical characteristics such as real time、overall、accurate and so on. Themobile mapping system (MMS) which is supported by the modern high technology is a kind of way that collects the GIS spatial data quickly. The MMS can obtain the spatial data and attribute data of the roads and other geography targets on both sides of the roads quickly. This method of obtaining GIS data using MMS is becoming a good complement to the traditional artificial measure method and photogrammetry method with its advantages such as high-efficiency and low cost. The research to MMS and MMS-basedGIS spatial data collection has important theoretical and practical values, which promotes not only the survey research of our country, but also the level of information-based transportation of modern management.
The data processing of MMS system can only survey coordinates or distance on stereo images which are obtained by CCD cameras in MMS system. But our goal is to obtain the structured GIS spatial data. So the research of vehicle-borne spatial data collection system facing GIS is a key content of MMS data processing researches.
This research is based on a vehicle-borne MMS named 3DRMS. Main contents are as follow:
(1) The spatial data collection and editor processing facing GIS. This paper use the geodatabase data saving model. At the Catalog mode, we customize the target object feature class. At the Map mode, we can collect the data of geographic objects directly and save the structured GIS data in the geodatabase. So we can obtain the GIS data from one station. As for errors of the attribute data and spatial data, we can use the editor tools to correct them. As for the geographic objects which can not been collected for the information blind spot and the geographic objects which can not been collected at one time, we can use the editor tools to correct them.
(2) The data organization and management facing GIS in visualization. We designed Map mode and Catalog mode to work with data collection face GIS, and this two work modes can intercommunicate very well. At the Map mode, we organize and manage multi-source data by layers in observation. The multi-source data include trace point and trace line which have been created automatically, target object feature class which is customized and imported to current map, other foundation GIS spatial data imported to current map. In order to support data collection based MMS, we designed dynamical associating stereo images with the trace points; At the Catalog mode we use windows explorer to organize our project. And in this mode we customize and create feature class in geodatabase which is created automatically as a container to save collections of products. In this mode, we can organize and manage trace points, trace line, project map document and other GIS spatial data in observation.
According to the above-mentioned research contents, the main research result obtained are as follows: We have integrated measurement based on CCD stereo images and GIS spatial data collection and data editor tools into one system very well and designed the process to collect structured GIS spatial data directly from CCD stereo images. We have realized GIS spatial data collection from one station based on MMS; According to the spatial position relativity of the CCD stereo images, we have put forward the concept of "GIS manager for CCD stereo images" in MMS, based on which we managed a lots of CCD stereo images obtained from MMS in the way of GIS. To support GIS spatial data collection, we designed a dynamic conjunction system which can conjunct the CCD stereo images, the trace points of the MMS. This design promotes the efficiency of GIS data production, as well as shorting the production period of GIS data. It has a great prospect of applicability.
MMS系统的数据后处理只能在CCD相机摄取的立体影像上进行坐标及距离量测。获得目标地理实体结构化的GIS数据才是最终目标。所以,面向GIS的车载空间数据采集系统研究是MMS数据后处理系统研究的关键内容之一。本文以车载三维数据采集系统3DRMS为研究平台,对MMS系统GIS空间数据采集系统进行研究。主要内容如下:
(1)面向GIS的空间数据采集与编辑处理。本文采用Geodatabase为数据存储模型。在Catalog工作模式下实现目标地物特征类的定制。在Map工作模式下从CCD立体影像中直接采集空间地理实体,并在Geodatabase中结构化存储,从而实现目标地物GIS数据的一站式采集。对于属性数据和空间数据的错误提供了方便的编辑功能予以纠正。对于存在信息盲点以及非一次性采集到的地理实体也通过编辑功能完成采集。
(2)面向GIS的数据可视化组织与管理。面向GIS数据采集,设计出了Map与Catalog两种互动工作模式。在Map工作模式下以图层方式对自动生成的轨迹点与轨迹线、作业员定制并导入的目标地物特征类以及导入的外源基础GIS数据进行可视化组织与管理。同时将MMS系统所获取的CCD立体影像与轨迹进行动态关联,有效支持基于MMS的GIS数据采集;在Catalog工作模式下,以资源管理器组织项目工作目录,支持采集成果即Geodatabase下特征类的定制以及数据可视化,同时支持轨迹点、轨迹线、项目地图文档以及外源数据的可视化组织与管理。
基于上述研究内容,取得的主要研究成果如下:将CCD影像立体量测与GIS空间数据采集与编辑有机集成到同一环境,设计了从CCD立体影像直接采集结构化GIS空间数据的流程,实现了基于MMS的GIS空间数据一站式采集;根据CCD立体影像的空间位置相关性,提出了MMS系统中“CCD立体影像管理地理信息系统”的理念,将MMS系统中获取到的大量CCD立体影像以GIS的方式组织管理。配合GIS空间数据采集,设计并实现了CCD立体影像与MMS轨迹点的动态关联器。其有效提高了基于MMS的GIS空间数据生产效率,缩短了空间数据生产周期,具有很强的适用性。
Along with fast development of society and economy, road and the infrastructure change with each passing day. At the same time, there is a great demand for spatial data of high quality. Only the survey result to be renewed quickly, just it has more practical characteristics such as real time、overall、accurate and so on. Themobile mapping system (MMS) which is supported by the modern high technology is a kind of way that collects the GIS spatial data quickly. The MMS can obtain the spatial data and attribute data of the roads and other geography targets on both sides of the roads quickly. This method of obtaining GIS data using MMS is becoming a good complement to the traditional artificial measure method and photogrammetry method with its advantages such as high-efficiency and low cost. The research to MMS and MMS-basedGIS spatial data collection has important theoretical and practical values, which promotes not only the survey research of our country, but also the level of information-based transportation of modern management.
The data processing of MMS system can only survey coordinates or distance on stereo images which are obtained by CCD cameras in MMS system. But our goal is to obtain the structured GIS spatial data. So the research of vehicle-borne spatial data collection system facing GIS is a key content of MMS data processing researches.
This research is based on a vehicle-borne MMS named 3DRMS. Main contents are as follow:
(1) The spatial data collection and editor processing facing GIS. This paper use the geodatabase data saving model. At the Catalog mode, we customize the target object feature class. At the Map mode, we can collect the data of geographic objects directly and save the structured GIS data in the geodatabase. So we can obtain the GIS data from one station. As for errors of the attribute data and spatial data, we can use the editor tools to correct them. As for the geographic objects which can not been collected for the information blind spot and the geographic objects which can not been collected at one time, we can use the editor tools to correct them.
(2) The data organization and management facing GIS in visualization. We designed Map mode and Catalog mode to work with data collection face GIS, and this two work modes can intercommunicate very well. At the Map mode, we organize and manage multi-source data by layers in observation. The multi-source data include trace point and trace line which have been created automatically, target object feature class which is customized and imported to current map, other foundation GIS spatial data imported to current map. In order to support data collection based MMS, we designed dynamical associating stereo images with the trace points; At the Catalog mode we use windows explorer to organize our project. And in this mode we customize and create feature class in geodatabase which is created automatically as a container to save collections of products. In this mode, we can organize and manage trace points, trace line, project map document and other GIS spatial data in observation.
According to the above-mentioned research contents, the main research result obtained are as follows: We have integrated measurement based on CCD stereo images and GIS spatial data collection and data editor tools into one system very well and designed the process to collect structured GIS spatial data directly from CCD stereo images. We have realized GIS spatial data collection from one station based on MMS; According to the spatial position relativity of the CCD stereo images, we have put forward the concept of "GIS manager for CCD stereo images" in MMS, based on which we managed a lots of CCD stereo images obtained from MMS in the way of GIS. To support GIS spatial data collection, we designed a dynamic conjunction system which can conjunct the CCD stereo images, the trace points of the MMS. This design promotes the efficiency of GIS data production, as well as shorting the production period of GIS data. It has a great prospect of applicability.
引文
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[2]C.vincent Tao,rnichael A.Chapman B A C.Automated processing of mobile mapping image sequences[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing.2001(55):330-346.
[3]Hiroshi Ueno,akio Kawai H S.Development of a mobile mapping system for use in emergency gas line maintenance vehicles[J].1989.
[4]Syed S.Development of Map Aided GPS Algorithms for Vehicle Navigation in Urban Canyons[D].Calgary:University Of Calgary,2005.
[5]Tetsu Ooishi,keiji Yamada,Hiroshi Takeda T K.Development of simple mobile mapping system the construction of road foundation data[J].2001.
[6]Mohamed M.r.Mostafa K S.Digital image georeferencing from a multiple camera system by GPS/INS[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing.2001(56):1-12.
[7]Nassar S.Improving the Inertial Navigation System(INS)Error Model for INS and INS/DGPS Applications[D].Calgary:University Of Calgary,2003.
[8]Chiang K.INS/GPS Integration Using Neural Networks for Land Vehicular Navigation Applications[D].Calgary:University Of Calgary,2004.
[9]Charles K.Toth,Eva Paska,Qi Chen,Yongiie Zhu K R.Mapping support for the OSU DARPA grand challenge vehicle[J].IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference.2006(17-20).
[10]Christian Spagnol,riccardo Muradore,manolo Assom,alessandro Beghi R F.Model based GPS_INS integration for high accuracy land vehicle applications[J].IEEE.2005:400-405.
[11]Samuel Zilli,ruggero Frezza A B.Model based GPS_INS integration for high accuracy land vehicle applications_calibration of a swarm of MEMS sensors[J].1EEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics.2005(24-28):952-956.
[12]Ellum C K.The Development of BackPack MobileMapping System[D].Calgary:University Of Calgary.2001
[13]El-sheimy N.The Development of VISAT-A Mobile Survey System for GIS Applications[D].Calgary:University Of Calgary,1996.
[14]Palettat L,Paar G,Wimmer A.Mobile detection of traffic infrastructure[J].1EEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland(CA).2001.
[15]胡刚,金振伟,司小平等.车载导航技术现状及其发展趋势[J].系统工程.2006(01).
[16]李德仁,周月琴,全为铣.摄影测量与遥感概论[M].北京:测绘出版社,2001.
[17]李树楷,刘少创.机载/车载激光扫描测距,成像制图系统的新进展[J].中国图象图形学报.1999(02).
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