早白垩世陇中盆地与六盘山盆地沉积环境与地层磁化率测量
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摘要
磁化率在恢复古气候环境记录方面发挥着重要的作用,但目前对于磁化率变化机制的研究还比较薄弱。本文通过对我国西部陇中盆地和六盘山盆地下白垩统地层岩性、沉积环境及磁化率变化研究,为探讨不同沉积环境、构造-气候背景下磁化率的变化机制提供基础资料。论文取得如下成果：
1、陇中盆地内部两个次级盆地临夏盆地和兰州盆地下白垩统河口群划分出19个沉积岩相,构成冲积扇相、辫状河相、曲流河相、三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相和浅湖相,滨湖相、半深湖相8沉积体系。六盘山盆地下白垩统六盘山群划分出20个沉积岩相,构成冲积扇相、辫状河相、曲流河相、浅湖相、半深湖相5沉积体系。
2、磁化率测量表明,六盘山盆地六盘山群质量磁化率值较高,低频质量磁化率为0.28-82.6×10-8kg/m3,平均值为10×10-8kg/m3,盆地边缘(7.07×10-8kg/m3)比盆地中部(18.8×10-8kg/m3)质量磁化率值低。陇中盆地下白垩统平均质量磁化率较低,且临夏盆地河口群明显高于兰州盆地河口群,前者平均低频质量磁化率为(2.1-53.6×10-8kg/m3),平均10.5×10-8kg/m3,后者低频质量磁化率为(1.5-23.9)×10-8kg/m3,平均值为7.9×10-8kg/m3。两盆地下白垩统低频和高频质量磁化率的变化趋势基本一致。
3、从岩石岩性和颜色看,临夏盆地下白垩统河口群质量磁化率高值对应氧化色和沉积物颗粒最粗的含砾砂岩等水动力强的沉积环境,低值对应还原色和沉积物颗粒较细(除泥岩外最细)的粉砂岩。兰州盆地质量磁化率高值对应水动力弱的还原环境和沉积物颗粒最细的泥岩。对于六盘山盆地六盘山群,盆地西北部(火石寨剖面和寺口子剖面)质量磁化率高值对应红色色调和细粒的泥岩,为水动力较弱的沉积环境,盆地中部(六盘山主峰剖面)质量磁化率高值对应棕褐-褐红色和岩性最粗的砂岩,为水动力较强的沉积环境。盆地东北部(石岘子剖面)质量磁化率高值对应还原色和沉积颗粒较细的泥灰岩,为水动力较弱的沉积环境。
4、对陇中盆地不同构造隆升阶段和不同气候阶段质量磁化率统计发现,磁化率高值对应构造隆升慢,气候湿热阶段；磁化率地质对应构造隆升快和气候温湿阶段。而六盘山盆地的情况则相反,磁化率高值对应气候温湿,低值对应气候湿热,具体原因还有待于分析。
The magnetic susceptibility is a useful proxy in reconstructing paleoclimate, but its mechanism of variation is still unclear. Based on the analysis of the lithology, sedimentary environments and susceptibility value for the Early Cretaceous strata in the Longzhong basin and Liupanshan basin, northwest of the China, this paper provide a insight into the understanding to the facies-, tectonic-and climate-dependent variation of the magnetic susceptibility, and some conclusions as following:
1. There are19lithologic sequences in the Linxia and Lanzhou subasin of the Longzhong basin, which constitutes the alluvial fan, braided river, meandering river, river delta, braided delta, shallow lake, shore lake and semi-deep lake sedimentary facies. Whereas, there are20lithologic sequences in the Liupanshan basin, which compose the alluvial fan, braided river, meandering river, shallow lake and semi-deep lake sedimentary facies.
2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicates that magnetic susceptibility value is high in the Liupanshan basin, low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility ranges between0.28-82.6x10-8kg/m,the mean value is10×10-8kg/m,and the value in the margin of the basin (7.07×10-8kg/m3) is lower than those in the central basin (18.8×10-8kg/m3).However, the mean magnetic susceptibility value of the Hekou group in the Longzhong basin is lower than in the Liupanshan basin.In detail,the value in Linxia subbasin is significantly higher than in the Lanzhou subbasin. The low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility in the Linxia basin ranges from2.1to53.6x10-8kg/m3, the mean value is10.5×10-8kg/m3,whereas the low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility in Lanzhou basin ranges from1.5to23.9×10-8kg/m3,the mean value is7.9×10-8kg/m3In general, the variation trend in low and high frequency mass magnetic susceptibility are accordance in the two basins.
3.Dependent on lithology and color, high magnetic susceptibility value of Hekou group in the Linxia subbasin corresponds to the oxidation silt and coarse gravely sandstone which is in the,oxidation and high energy water environment. However low value corresponds to deoxidation environment and fine siltstone except to mudstone. The high value in the Lanzhou basin corresponds to deoxidation environment and fine mudstone. For the Liupanshan group, the high mass magnetic susceptibility value in the northwest of the basin(section Huoshizai and Shikouzi) corresponds to red color and fine grained mudstone, the high value corresponds to high energy water and oxidation environment, such as the brown color and coarse particle sandstone in the central basin(the highest peak in Linpanshan). In the northeastern of the basin, the high value corresponds to still water and deoxidation environment, such as reduced color and fine particle marlstone.
4.The analysis for magnetic susceptibility in various phase of the tectonic uplift in Longzhou basin, Higher magnetic susceptibility value indicates a steady tectonic uplift stage and hydrostatic environment, but the lower value indicates rapid and strong tectonic uplift stage and high energy water sedimentary environment. Meanwhile, high magnetic susceptibility value indicates hot and humid climatic status and high energy water sedimentary environment, whereas lower value indicates humid climate conditions and hydrostatic environment. However, these relationship is inconsistent to those in the Liupanshan basin. The cause for this contrary should be uncovered by the more study with the other proxies.
1、陇中盆地内部两个次级盆地临夏盆地和兰州盆地下白垩统河口群划分出19个沉积岩相,构成冲积扇相、辫状河相、曲流河相、三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相和浅湖相,滨湖相、半深湖相8沉积体系。六盘山盆地下白垩统六盘山群划分出20个沉积岩相,构成冲积扇相、辫状河相、曲流河相、浅湖相、半深湖相5沉积体系。
2、磁化率测量表明,六盘山盆地六盘山群质量磁化率值较高,低频质量磁化率为0.28-82.6×10-8kg/m3,平均值为10×10-8kg/m3,盆地边缘(7.07×10-8kg/m3)比盆地中部(18.8×10-8kg/m3)质量磁化率值低。陇中盆地下白垩统平均质量磁化率较低,且临夏盆地河口群明显高于兰州盆地河口群,前者平均低频质量磁化率为(2.1-53.6×10-8kg/m3),平均10.5×10-8kg/m3,后者低频质量磁化率为(1.5-23.9)×10-8kg/m3,平均值为7.9×10-8kg/m3。两盆地下白垩统低频和高频质量磁化率的变化趋势基本一致。
3、从岩石岩性和颜色看,临夏盆地下白垩统河口群质量磁化率高值对应氧化色和沉积物颗粒最粗的含砾砂岩等水动力强的沉积环境,低值对应还原色和沉积物颗粒较细(除泥岩外最细)的粉砂岩。兰州盆地质量磁化率高值对应水动力弱的还原环境和沉积物颗粒最细的泥岩。对于六盘山盆地六盘山群,盆地西北部(火石寨剖面和寺口子剖面)质量磁化率高值对应红色色调和细粒的泥岩,为水动力较弱的沉积环境,盆地中部(六盘山主峰剖面)质量磁化率高值对应棕褐-褐红色和岩性最粗的砂岩,为水动力较强的沉积环境。盆地东北部(石岘子剖面)质量磁化率高值对应还原色和沉积颗粒较细的泥灰岩,为水动力较弱的沉积环境。
4、对陇中盆地不同构造隆升阶段和不同气候阶段质量磁化率统计发现,磁化率高值对应构造隆升慢,气候湿热阶段；磁化率地质对应构造隆升快和气候温湿阶段。而六盘山盆地的情况则相反,磁化率高值对应气候温湿,低值对应气候湿热,具体原因还有待于分析。
The magnetic susceptibility is a useful proxy in reconstructing paleoclimate, but its mechanism of variation is still unclear. Based on the analysis of the lithology, sedimentary environments and susceptibility value for the Early Cretaceous strata in the Longzhong basin and Liupanshan basin, northwest of the China, this paper provide a insight into the understanding to the facies-, tectonic-and climate-dependent variation of the magnetic susceptibility, and some conclusions as following:
1. There are19lithologic sequences in the Linxia and Lanzhou subasin of the Longzhong basin, which constitutes the alluvial fan, braided river, meandering river, river delta, braided delta, shallow lake, shore lake and semi-deep lake sedimentary facies. Whereas, there are20lithologic sequences in the Liupanshan basin, which compose the alluvial fan, braided river, meandering river, shallow lake and semi-deep lake sedimentary facies.
2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicates that magnetic susceptibility value is high in the Liupanshan basin, low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility ranges between0.28-82.6x10-8kg/m,the mean value is10×10-8kg/m,and the value in the margin of the basin (7.07×10-8kg/m3) is lower than those in the central basin (18.8×10-8kg/m3).However, the mean magnetic susceptibility value of the Hekou group in the Longzhong basin is lower than in the Liupanshan basin.In detail,the value in Linxia subbasin is significantly higher than in the Lanzhou subbasin. The low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility in the Linxia basin ranges from2.1to53.6x10-8kg/m3, the mean value is10.5×10-8kg/m3,whereas the low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility in Lanzhou basin ranges from1.5to23.9×10-8kg/m3,the mean value is7.9×10-8kg/m3In general, the variation trend in low and high frequency mass magnetic susceptibility are accordance in the two basins.
3.Dependent on lithology and color, high magnetic susceptibility value of Hekou group in the Linxia subbasin corresponds to the oxidation silt and coarse gravely sandstone which is in the,oxidation and high energy water environment. However low value corresponds to deoxidation environment and fine siltstone except to mudstone. The high value in the Lanzhou basin corresponds to deoxidation environment and fine mudstone. For the Liupanshan group, the high mass magnetic susceptibility value in the northwest of the basin(section Huoshizai and Shikouzi) corresponds to red color and fine grained mudstone, the high value corresponds to high energy water and oxidation environment, such as the brown color and coarse particle sandstone in the central basin(the highest peak in Linpanshan). In the northeastern of the basin, the high value corresponds to still water and deoxidation environment, such as reduced color and fine particle marlstone.
4.The analysis for magnetic susceptibility in various phase of the tectonic uplift in Longzhou basin, Higher magnetic susceptibility value indicates a steady tectonic uplift stage and hydrostatic environment, but the lower value indicates rapid and strong tectonic uplift stage and high energy water sedimentary environment. Meanwhile, high magnetic susceptibility value indicates hot and humid climatic status and high energy water sedimentary environment, whereas lower value indicates humid climate conditions and hydrostatic environment. However, these relationship is inconsistent to those in the Liupanshan basin. The cause for this contrary should be uncovered by the more study with the other proxies.
引文
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