微生物菌落与埃迪卡拉型生物化石的形态对比
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摘要
从自然环境中分离出多种微生物分别进行纯培养获得其稳定的菌落形态,并将其与部分生物属性归属存在较大争议的埃迪卡拉型化石进行形态对比研究,发现1)芽孢杆菌菌落与Albumares brunsae, Anfesta stankovskii具有相似的多级分支放射脊和独立小扇区结构。2)酵母菌菌落可发育与Beltanelloides sorichevae相似的圆盘状轮廓和同心环纹。3)Cyclomedusa普遍具有的圆盘状轮廓、同心环纹、中心凸点和放射沟这几个形态特征在霉菌菌落中均可观察到。4)铁细菌菌落与Tirasiana concentralis和Cyclomedusa具有相似的形态和结构。研究还发现,微生物菌落不仅形态稳定,而且质地坚硬,具有一定的抗压实作用。因此,其压痕完全有可能在地层中保存。本项研究表明部分埃迪卡拉型生物化石很可能是微生物菌落的压痕,因而为解释一些化石的生物属性提供了新的思路。
A number of microbial species are isolated from the natural environment, enriched and purely cultured. Forms of their colonies are compared with certain Ediacara-type fossils whose affinities has remained considerable controversial for many years. Firstly, our results show that Bacillus can form multi-level branch colonies with independent sectors, which resemble Albumares brunsae and Anfesta stankovskii in morphology and structure. Secondly, Yeast colonies can develop morphological features, such as circular outline and annulations, to resemble Beltanelloides sorichevae. Thirdly, morphological characters generally appear in Cyclomedusa species can also be observed on Mold colonies, e.g. disc-shaped contour, annulations, center salient point and radial grooves. Fourthly, iron bacteria colonies and Tirasiana concentralis, Cyclomedusa have similar morphology and structure. The study also found that microorganism colonies have rigid nature and are resistant to mechanical compaction to some extent. Therefore, it is entirely possible for such colonies to be preserved in rocks as impressions. This research implies that some of the Ediacarian fossils are likely to be impressions of microbial colonies.
A number of microbial species are isolated from the natural environment, enriched and purely cultured. Forms of their colonies are compared with certain Ediacara-type fossils whose affinities has remained considerable controversial for many years. Firstly, our results show that Bacillus can form multi-level branch colonies with independent sectors, which resemble Albumares brunsae and Anfesta stankovskii in morphology and structure. Secondly, Yeast colonies can develop morphological features, such as circular outline and annulations, to resemble Beltanelloides sorichevae. Thirdly, morphological characters generally appear in Cyclomedusa species can also be observed on Mold colonies, e.g. disc-shaped contour, annulations, center salient point and radial grooves. Fourthly, iron bacteria colonies and Tirasiana concentralis, Cyclomedusa have similar morphology and structure. The study also found that microorganism colonies have rigid nature and are resistant to mechanical compaction to some extent. Therefore, it is entirely possible for such colonies to be preserved in rocks as impressions. This research implies that some of the Ediacarian fossils are likely to be impressions of microbial colonies.
引文
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[41]Logan B. E., Kirchman D. L. Uptake of dissolved organics by marine bacteria as a function of fluid motion[J]. Marine Biology,1991, V111:175-181
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[45]Narbonne G. M. Modular construction of early Ediacaran complex life forms[J]. Science, 2004, V305:1141-1144
[46]Narbonne G. M. The Ediacara biota:Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2005, V33:421-442
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[50]Peterson K. J., Waggoner B., Hagadorn J. W. A fungal analog for Newfoundland Ediacaran fossil[J]. Integrative and Comparative Biology,2003, V43:127-136
[51]Pflug H. D. Zur fauna der Nama-Schichten in Sudwest-Afrika. IV. Mikroskopische Anatomie der Petal-Organismen[J]. Palaeontolographica,1973, V144:166-202
[52]Planavsky N., Rouxel O., Bekker A., et al. Iron-oxidizing microbial ecosystems thrived in late Paleoproterozoic redox-stratified oceans[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2009, V286:230-242
[53]Prescott L. M., Harley J. P., Klein D. A. Microbiology[M]. Fifth edition.沈萍,彭珍荣.北京：高等教育出版社,2003：69-562
[54]Retallack G. J. Were the Ediacaran fossils lichens[J]. Paleobiology,1994, V20:523-544
[55]Richter R. Die altesten fossilien Sud-Afrikas, Senckenberg[J]. Lethaia,1955, V36: 243-289
[56]Seilacher A. Late Precambrian and Early Cambrian Metazoa:preservational or real extinctions? Patterns of Change in Earth Evolution[M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1984: 159-168
[57]Seilacher A. Vendozoa:organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere[J].Lethaia, 1989, V22:229-239
[58]Seilacher A. Vendobontia and Psammocorallia:lost constructions of Precambrian evolution[J]. Journal of the Geological Society (London),1992, V149:607-613
[59]Seilacher A., Grazhdankin D., Legouta A. Ediacaran biota:the dawn of animal life in the shadow of giant protists[J]. Paleontological Research,2003, V7(1):43-54
[60]沈萍,陈向东.微生物学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：34-384
[61]Sokolov B. S. The Vendian period in Earth history[J]. Paleontologiya-Doklady Sovietkikh Geologov,1972, V7:114-124
[62]Sokolov B. S. Organic world of the Earth on the way to Phanerozoic differentiation[M]. Vestnik Akademii:Nauk SSSR,1976:126-143
[63]Sokolov B. S., Iwanovski A. B. The Vendian System, Volume 1:Paleontology[M]. Moscow:Nauk SSSR,1985:103
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