面向起伏地表和缝洞储层的物理模拟技术研究
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摘要
本文围绕油气勘探开发中复杂地表复杂储层的实际问题,从地震物理模型实验基础工作着手,深入细致地开展起伏地表、缝洞物理模型模拟实验技术方法等基础理论的研究,建立比较逼近实际的物理模型,探索和认识起伏地表及缝洞储层中地震波的传播规律,取得了一些新的成果和认识。
通过对换能器特性分析研制,采用在探头上增加触点开关、压力传感器和相应测量电路的方法,实现了数据采集、压力测试与地表高程测量的同步进行。初步解决了起伏地表物理模型实验技术的瓶颈问题。
根据互穿网络和共聚网络聚合物改性方法的原理,研究了环氧树脂、橡胶类等高分子材料的互穿网络和共聚网络过程,实现了不同材料的共混,改善了固化后共聚物的交联度。建立了比较完备的、速度从低到高的地震物理模型材料系列。利用原位复合技术实现材料显微缝洞结构设计。从而为进一步的碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地震反射特征的研究提供有效的模型制作方法与途径。
首次获得针对起伏地表和复杂地下地质体设计的地震物理模型模拟观测二维数据体,直观地了解起伏地表对地下地质体波场特征所产生的影响,更清楚地认识起伏地表条件下地震波的传播规律以及波场特征,并为速度分析、起伏地表直接偏移成像技术研究供试验数据。
通过各种实验采集数据的分析,结合理论讨论了异常体的散射特征,认识不同缝、洞模型的地震波传播特征,缝洞的地震响应特征,裂缝的方位各项异性特征,裂缝密度随偏移距变化的地震响应特征等,为实际缝洞反射特征的识别和缝洞型储层预测提供了依据,对提高碳酸盐岩发育区地震资料解释的可靠性及提高碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏勘探成功率方面具有重要的参考价值,也为设计更加科学、经济、可行的采集观测系统提供了实验数据。
Taking the problems emerged from rugged topography and complex reservoirs, this article studied in detail the methodologies for modeling rugged topography, fractures, and caverns, as well as documented the propagation of waves traveling through rugged topography and karst-cavern reservoir. Some new insights have been reached.
By adding contact switch, pressure sensor, and corresponding measuring circuit to the probe, we achieved data acquisition, pressure test, and elevation measurement simultaneously, which roughly overcomes the bottleneck in physical modeling for models with rugged topography.
Based on the principles of interpenetrating polymer network and copolymerization, we studied the course of network interpenetrating and copolymerization of araldite with rubber and other polymers, and achieved blending of different polymers in line with the requirements of physical modeling materials. The resulted polymers are of good cross-linking level. It has been established a relatively integrated physical modeling material series that features velocities of low values through high values. The microscopic structures of fractures and caves are designed and realized by in-situ composite technology. The results provide an effective way for construction of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoir model.
We acquired a 2-D seismic data of physical model with rugged topography and complex subsurface structures for the first time, vividly observed the effect of rugged topography on waves traveling in subsurface structures, and documented the propagation and characters of seismic waves under rugged topography. The resulted data provided test data for velocity analysis and migration directly from rugged topography.
Combined experimental observations and theoretical analysis, I studied the scattering from anomalous bodies, seismic wave propagation in fracture-cavern models, seismic signatures of fracture and caverns, azimuthal anisotropy of fractures, and the seismic responses along with fracture density versus offset. The results provide bases for the identification of reflections of real fractures and caverns as well as prediction of fracture-cavern reservoirs. They are valuable information for decreasing the uncertainty of interpretation of data from carbonate rich areas and increasing the success rate of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoirs. The resulted data also provide test data for economic and feasible layout design.
通过对换能器特性分析研制,采用在探头上增加触点开关、压力传感器和相应测量电路的方法,实现了数据采集、压力测试与地表高程测量的同步进行。初步解决了起伏地表物理模型实验技术的瓶颈问题。
根据互穿网络和共聚网络聚合物改性方法的原理,研究了环氧树脂、橡胶类等高分子材料的互穿网络和共聚网络过程,实现了不同材料的共混,改善了固化后共聚物的交联度。建立了比较完备的、速度从低到高的地震物理模型材料系列。利用原位复合技术实现材料显微缝洞结构设计。从而为进一步的碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地震反射特征的研究提供有效的模型制作方法与途径。
首次获得针对起伏地表和复杂地下地质体设计的地震物理模型模拟观测二维数据体,直观地了解起伏地表对地下地质体波场特征所产生的影响,更清楚地认识起伏地表条件下地震波的传播规律以及波场特征,并为速度分析、起伏地表直接偏移成像技术研究供试验数据。
通过各种实验采集数据的分析,结合理论讨论了异常体的散射特征,认识不同缝、洞模型的地震波传播特征,缝洞的地震响应特征,裂缝的方位各项异性特征,裂缝密度随偏移距变化的地震响应特征等,为实际缝洞反射特征的识别和缝洞型储层预测提供了依据,对提高碳酸盐岩发育区地震资料解释的可靠性及提高碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏勘探成功率方面具有重要的参考价值,也为设计更加科学、经济、可行的采集观测系统提供了实验数据。
Taking the problems emerged from rugged topography and complex reservoirs, this article studied in detail the methodologies for modeling rugged topography, fractures, and caverns, as well as documented the propagation of waves traveling through rugged topography and karst-cavern reservoir. Some new insights have been reached.
By adding contact switch, pressure sensor, and corresponding measuring circuit to the probe, we achieved data acquisition, pressure test, and elevation measurement simultaneously, which roughly overcomes the bottleneck in physical modeling for models with rugged topography.
Based on the principles of interpenetrating polymer network and copolymerization, we studied the course of network interpenetrating and copolymerization of araldite with rubber and other polymers, and achieved blending of different polymers in line with the requirements of physical modeling materials. The resulted polymers are of good cross-linking level. It has been established a relatively integrated physical modeling material series that features velocities of low values through high values. The microscopic structures of fractures and caves are designed and realized by in-situ composite technology. The results provide an effective way for construction of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoir model.
We acquired a 2-D seismic data of physical model with rugged topography and complex subsurface structures for the first time, vividly observed the effect of rugged topography on waves traveling in subsurface structures, and documented the propagation and characters of seismic waves under rugged topography. The resulted data provided test data for velocity analysis and migration directly from rugged topography.
Combined experimental observations and theoretical analysis, I studied the scattering from anomalous bodies, seismic wave propagation in fracture-cavern models, seismic signatures of fracture and caverns, azimuthal anisotropy of fractures, and the seismic responses along with fracture density versus offset. The results provide bases for the identification of reflections of real fractures and caverns as well as prediction of fracture-cavern reservoirs. They are valuable information for decreasing the uncertainty of interpretation of data from carbonate rich areas and increasing the success rate of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoirs. The resulted data also provide test data for economic and feasible layout design.
引文
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