CFD标量数据场体绘制算法及并行可视化方法研究与实现
摘要
非结构化网格体绘制是科学计算可视化研究的重点内容之一,但非结构网格体绘制计算量大,过程复杂,因此产生图形图像速度较慢,不能满足日益增加的实时可视化要求,因此提高非结构化网格体绘制算法的效率是实现高效体绘制的一个重要研究点。本文针对传统算法图像空间片元排序效率不高的问题,研究了k-buffer处理过程及优化方法。
Paraview是目前应用广泛的开源并行可视化平台,研究将数据可视化算法集成到Paraview平台上高效并行运行的方法,有利于实现大规模数据的并行可视化。本文研究了Paraview的扩展技术,总结了数据可视化算法在Paraview上实现并行可视化的扩展方法和编程规范。
本文完成的主要工作及取得的研究成果总结如下:
1.针对主流的HAVS算法在图像空间排序效率不高的问题,提出了针对k-buffer处理过程的优化方案,提高了绘制效率;另外,k值大小对绘制精度和效率有重要影响。已有HAVS算法将buffer存储的片元数k限定为6,制约了算法精度与性能。本文扩展了k值的范围,提高了绘制精度。
2.针对Paraview并行可视化平台扩展的应用需求,提出了基于插件的并行可视化程序设计规范和方法,并通过并行体绘制算法并行化进行了验证,实现了filter插件和体绘制算法类Mapper的插件,该方法可有效指导用户根据插件扩展方法进行数据可视化算法的并行实现。
3.为了进一步减少Paraview并行可视化平台的扩展工作量,研究提出了基于Paraview的并行可视化程序直接扩展方法,并通过并行体绘制算法并行化进行了验证,将非结构化网格体绘制算法HAVS通过直接扩展方法加入Paraview中,该方法为Paraview的扩展提供了一种用户可选的新途径。
Improving the efficiency of unstructured grid volume rendering is an important research point of high efficient volume rendering. This paper researches on k-buffer process and optimization against inefficient fragment visibility ordering in image space.
Paraview is a parallel open-source visualization application. It is benefit for parallel visualization of large scale dataset to research on integration technology of visualization algorithm to Paraview. This paper analyses the parallel frameworks of Paraview, researches on the extending technology and summarizes the extending technology and programming criterion of Paraview.
The contributions and relevant work in the paper are as follows:
1. At present, HAVS is one of the most important unstructured grid volume rendering algorithm frameworks based on GPU. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm against the low efficiency of sorting in k-buffer. We also test different k values and extend the range of k, which will increase the precision of the final image. The experimental results show that our optimization algorithm obviously improves the efficiency of HAVS.
2. For the need of extending Paraview, this paper proposes the methods and criterion of parallel visualization program designing which based on plugin. And we verify the criterion by paralleling volume rendering algorithm and achive a filter and a mapper plugin for volume rendering. These criterions will guid users to parallel data visualization by plugin.
3. For decreasing the work of extending Paraview, this paper proposes the criteria of directing extending Paraviewfor parallel viualization. We verify the criterion by paralleling unstructured grid volume rendering algorithm, which gives users a new way to extend Paraview.
Paraview是目前应用广泛的开源并行可视化平台,研究将数据可视化算法集成到Paraview平台上高效并行运行的方法,有利于实现大规模数据的并行可视化。本文研究了Paraview的扩展技术,总结了数据可视化算法在Paraview上实现并行可视化的扩展方法和编程规范。
本文完成的主要工作及取得的研究成果总结如下:
1.针对主流的HAVS算法在图像空间排序效率不高的问题,提出了针对k-buffer处理过程的优化方案,提高了绘制效率;另外,k值大小对绘制精度和效率有重要影响。已有HAVS算法将buffer存储的片元数k限定为6,制约了算法精度与性能。本文扩展了k值的范围,提高了绘制精度。
2.针对Paraview并行可视化平台扩展的应用需求,提出了基于插件的并行可视化程序设计规范和方法,并通过并行体绘制算法并行化进行了验证,实现了filter插件和体绘制算法类Mapper的插件,该方法可有效指导用户根据插件扩展方法进行数据可视化算法的并行实现。
3.为了进一步减少Paraview并行可视化平台的扩展工作量,研究提出了基于Paraview的并行可视化程序直接扩展方法,并通过并行体绘制算法并行化进行了验证,将非结构化网格体绘制算法HAVS通过直接扩展方法加入Paraview中,该方法为Paraview的扩展提供了一种用户可选的新途径。
Improving the efficiency of unstructured grid volume rendering is an important research point of high efficient volume rendering. This paper researches on k-buffer process and optimization against inefficient fragment visibility ordering in image space.
Paraview is a parallel open-source visualization application. It is benefit for parallel visualization of large scale dataset to research on integration technology of visualization algorithm to Paraview. This paper analyses the parallel frameworks of Paraview, researches on the extending technology and summarizes the extending technology and programming criterion of Paraview.
The contributions and relevant work in the paper are as follows:
1. At present, HAVS is one of the most important unstructured grid volume rendering algorithm frameworks based on GPU. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm against the low efficiency of sorting in k-buffer. We also test different k values and extend the range of k, which will increase the precision of the final image. The experimental results show that our optimization algorithm obviously improves the efficiency of HAVS.
2. For the need of extending Paraview, this paper proposes the methods and criterion of parallel visualization program designing which based on plugin. And we verify the criterion by paralleling volume rendering algorithm and achive a filter and a mapper plugin for volume rendering. These criterions will guid users to parallel data visualization by plugin.
3. For decreasing the work of extending Paraview, this paper proposes the criteria of directing extending Paraviewfor parallel viualization. We verify the criterion by paralleling unstructured grid volume rendering algorithm, which gives users a new way to extend Paraview.
引文
[1]唐泽圣.三维数据场可视化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999:1-6.
[2]马千里.基于体绘制技术的三维非结构化网格流场可视化方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2011:1-3.
[3]刘光国.基于GPU的直接体绘制关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2007:2-3.
[4] L. Carpenter. The A-Buffer, an Antialiased Hidden Surface Method[C].New York: Computer Graphics,1984:103-108.
[5] C. Wittenbrink. R-Buffer: A Pointerless A-Buffer Hardware Architecture[C].New York: ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Workshop Graphics Hardware, 2001:73-80.
[6] M. Newell, R. Newell, and T. Sancha. A Solution to the Hidden Surface Problem[C].New York: ACM,1972: 443-450.
[7] B. Wylie, K. Moreland, L.A. Fisk, and P. Crossno. Tetrahedra Projection Using Vertex Shaders[C]. NJ, USA:IEEE Press Piscataway,2002: 7-12.
[8] R. Farias, J. Mitchell, and C.T. Silva. ZSWEEP: An Efficient and Exact Projection Algorithm for Unstructured Volume Rendering[C],New York:ACM, 2000:91-99.
[9] Steven P. Callahan, Milan Ikits, Joa ?o L.D. Comba, and Cla′udio T. Silva. Hardware-Assisted Visibility Sorting for Unstructured Volume Rendering [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, 2005, (11):285-295.
[10]孔明明.基于GPU集群的并行体绘制[D].浙江:浙江大学,2007:6-7.
[11]刘真,石教英,彭浩宇.秦爱红.基于PC集群并行图形绘制系统综述[J].系统仿真学报,2006(18).
[12]袁野,面向高性能计算机的并行图形绘制技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2007:4-5.
[13] SMolnar, M Cox,Ellsworth, Fuchs.A Sorting Classification of Parallel Rendering [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2008(14):23-32.
[14] E.Wes Bethel, Greg Humpllreys, Brian Paul,J.Dean Brederson. Sort-first Distributed Memory Parallel Visualization and Rendering[C].Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Paranel and Large Data Visualization and Graphics,2003:41-50.
[15] Carl Muller. Hierarchical graphics databases in sort-first [C].97 Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on Parallel rendering, New York, 1997.
[16] Chao Li,Stefan Jin,Jiaoying Shi.MSPR:A Retained-Mode Based Multi-Screen Parallel rendering System[C].The 4th International Conference on Virtual Reality and its Application in Industry,Tianjin,P.R.China,2003.
[17] ThomaS W. Crockett . Design Considerations for Parallel Graphics Libraries[R].ICASE,1994.
[18] John S.Montry, Daniel R.Bau, DaVid L.Dignam, Chiristopher J.Migdal. InfiniteReality:A Real-Time Graphics System[C].New York: SIGGRAPH,1997
[19] John Eyles , SteVen Molnar . PixelFlow Rasterizer Functional Description[M].Chapel Hill : University ofNorth Carolirla,1997.11.
[20] Tulika Mitra,Tzi-cker Chiueh.Implementation and Evaluation of Parallel Mesa LibraD[C].New York:IEEE Intemational Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems,1998:84-91.
[21] Moll,Mark ShaJld,Alan Heirich.Speia:Scalable 3D Compositing Using PCI Pamette[C] . Proceedings of the Seventh Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Progrmable Custom Computing Machines,1999:146-155.
[22] Greg Humphrcys , Ian Buck . Distributed Rendering for scalable[C] ,Washington :Proceedings of Supercomputing,2000.
[23] Greg Humphrcys,Matthew Eldridge,WireGL: A Scalable Graphics Systems for Clusters[C],New York:In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH,2001:129-140
[24]彭敏峰.并行绘制系统体系结构关键技术研究[D].湖南长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院. 2006:19-21
[25]彭浩宇.基于PC集群机的并行图形绘制系统研究[D].浙江杭州.浙江大学计算机学院. 2006:9-12
[26] http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/chromium.
[27] Greg Humphrcys,Mike Houston,Chromium:A Stream-Processing Framework for Interactive Rendering on Clusters[C]: ACM Transactions on Graphics,Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH,2002.
[28] Kai Li,Han Chen.Early Experiences and Challenges in Building and Using a Scalable Display Wall System[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,Science(S0272-1716) 1994,14(4):23-32
[29]石教英,金哲凡.并行多边形绘制技术综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003.6.
[30] Jian Yang, Jiaoying Shi, Zhefan Jin, Hui Zhang,Design and Implementation of A Large-scale Hybrid Distributed Graphics System[C] .Department of Computer Science, Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Parallel Graphics and Visualization,2002:39-49
[31] Stefan Eilemann, Maxim Makhinya, and Renato Pajarola,Equalizer: A Scalable Parallel Rendering Framework[C],IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS,2009
[32]石教英,并行图形绘制与多屏拼接显示技术综述[R],浙江大学CAD&CG国家重点实验室,2004.8.
[33]王观武,基于GPU集群系统的并行绘制技术研[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2010:4-10.
[34] Kitware. The Paraview Guide. Copyright Kitware[M], Inc. 2007:235-285.
[35] Kitware. VTK User's Guide:Install, Use and Extend The Visualization Toolkit [M]. Copyright Kitware, Inc. 2008:167-251.
[36] http://www.paraview.org.
[37] http://www.vtk.org.
[38] http://www.CMake.org.
[39] http://paraview.org/wiki/plugin_HowTo.
[40]张艳萍,基于多核CPU的并行体绘制算法应用研究[D],山东:山东大学,2008:21-24.
[2]马千里.基于体绘制技术的三维非结构化网格流场可视化方法研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2011:1-3.
[3]刘光国.基于GPU的直接体绘制关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2007:2-3.
[4] L. Carpenter. The A-Buffer, an Antialiased Hidden Surface Method[C].New York: Computer Graphics,1984:103-108.
[5] C. Wittenbrink. R-Buffer: A Pointerless A-Buffer Hardware Architecture[C].New York: ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Workshop Graphics Hardware, 2001:73-80.
[6] M. Newell, R. Newell, and T. Sancha. A Solution to the Hidden Surface Problem[C].New York: ACM,1972: 443-450.
[7] B. Wylie, K. Moreland, L.A. Fisk, and P. Crossno. Tetrahedra Projection Using Vertex Shaders[C]. NJ, USA:IEEE Press Piscataway,2002: 7-12.
[8] R. Farias, J. Mitchell, and C.T. Silva. ZSWEEP: An Efficient and Exact Projection Algorithm for Unstructured Volume Rendering[C],New York:ACM, 2000:91-99.
[9] Steven P. Callahan, Milan Ikits, Joa ?o L.D. Comba, and Cla′udio T. Silva. Hardware-Assisted Visibility Sorting for Unstructured Volume Rendering [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, 2005, (11):285-295.
[10]孔明明.基于GPU集群的并行体绘制[D].浙江:浙江大学,2007:6-7.
[11]刘真,石教英,彭浩宇.秦爱红.基于PC集群并行图形绘制系统综述[J].系统仿真学报,2006(18).
[12]袁野,面向高性能计算机的并行图形绘制技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2007:4-5.
[13] SMolnar, M Cox,Ellsworth, Fuchs.A Sorting Classification of Parallel Rendering [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2008(14):23-32.
[14] E.Wes Bethel, Greg Humpllreys, Brian Paul,J.Dean Brederson. Sort-first Distributed Memory Parallel Visualization and Rendering[C].Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Paranel and Large Data Visualization and Graphics,2003:41-50.
[15] Carl Muller. Hierarchical graphics databases in sort-first [C].97 Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on Parallel rendering, New York, 1997.
[16] Chao Li,Stefan Jin,Jiaoying Shi.MSPR:A Retained-Mode Based Multi-Screen Parallel rendering System[C].The 4th International Conference on Virtual Reality and its Application in Industry,Tianjin,P.R.China,2003.
[17] ThomaS W. Crockett . Design Considerations for Parallel Graphics Libraries[R].ICASE,1994.
[18] John S.Montry, Daniel R.Bau, DaVid L.Dignam, Chiristopher J.Migdal. InfiniteReality:A Real-Time Graphics System[C].New York: SIGGRAPH,1997
[19] John Eyles , SteVen Molnar . PixelFlow Rasterizer Functional Description[M].Chapel Hill : University ofNorth Carolirla,1997.11.
[20] Tulika Mitra,Tzi-cker Chiueh.Implementation and Evaluation of Parallel Mesa LibraD[C].New York:IEEE Intemational Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems,1998:84-91.
[21] Moll,Mark ShaJld,Alan Heirich.Speia:Scalable 3D Compositing Using PCI Pamette[C] . Proceedings of the Seventh Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Progrmable Custom Computing Machines,1999:146-155.
[22] Greg Humphrcys , Ian Buck . Distributed Rendering for scalable[C] ,Washington :Proceedings of Supercomputing,2000.
[23] Greg Humphrcys,Matthew Eldridge,WireGL: A Scalable Graphics Systems for Clusters[C],New York:In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH,2001:129-140
[24]彭敏峰.并行绘制系统体系结构关键技术研究[D].湖南长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院. 2006:19-21
[25]彭浩宇.基于PC集群机的并行图形绘制系统研究[D].浙江杭州.浙江大学计算机学院. 2006:9-12
[26] http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/chromium.
[27] Greg Humphrcys,Mike Houston,Chromium:A Stream-Processing Framework for Interactive Rendering on Clusters[C]: ACM Transactions on Graphics,Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH,2002.
[28] Kai Li,Han Chen.Early Experiences and Challenges in Building and Using a Scalable Display Wall System[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,Science(S0272-1716) 1994,14(4):23-32
[29]石教英,金哲凡.并行多边形绘制技术综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003.6.
[30] Jian Yang, Jiaoying Shi, Zhefan Jin, Hui Zhang,Design and Implementation of A Large-scale Hybrid Distributed Graphics System[C] .Department of Computer Science, Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Parallel Graphics and Visualization,2002:39-49
[31] Stefan Eilemann, Maxim Makhinya, and Renato Pajarola,Equalizer: A Scalable Parallel Rendering Framework[C],IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS,2009
[32]石教英,并行图形绘制与多屏拼接显示技术综述[R],浙江大学CAD&CG国家重点实验室,2004.8.
[33]王观武,基于GPU集群系统的并行绘制技术研[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院,2010:4-10.
[34] Kitware. The Paraview Guide. Copyright Kitware[M], Inc. 2007:235-285.
[35] Kitware. VTK User's Guide:Install, Use and Extend The Visualization Toolkit [M]. Copyright Kitware, Inc. 2008:167-251.
[36] http://www.paraview.org.
[37] http://www.vtk.org.
[38] http://www.CMake.org.
[39] http://paraview.org/wiki/plugin_HowTo.
[40]张艳萍,基于多核CPU的并行体绘制算法应用研究[D],山东:山东大学,2008:21-24.