微纳结构数字化三维成像技术的研究
|
摘要
全息照相是利用干涉条纹来记录物体信息的技术,是当前最为重要的三维显示技术之一。本文采用一种新型的全息图制作方法,先对三维物体夫琅禾费传播的波前进行数字化计算,通过相位迭代运算获得三维物体传播后的波前的光场分布(相位分布),计算得来的相位分布输入到空间光位相调制器后,通过光学系统获得三维实像的再现,在再现平面上引入参考光,用光刻胶干板干涉记录得到三维彩虹全息图像。由于空间光调制器单次可输入信息量的限制,本课题采用分区块计算再拼接记录的方法实现完整三维图像的记录。采用计算机运算获得位相分布,无需实物模型,有可能成为三维虚拟的重要方法。
本文的主要工作是采用反射型硅基液晶空间光调制器(LCoS)作为图像输入设备,开展光、机、电结合的三维全息图制作研究。文中分析了实现三维全息图的原理,对图像输入设备纯相位反射型硅基液晶空间光调制器(LCoS)的特性进行研究,采用三维软件3Dmax建立三维模型,获取多视角二维数字图片,采用软件对图像进行分色分区块获得狭缝相位编码,设计搭建试验光路制作单色及彩色样品。
Holography is a technology to record object information by obtaining its interference patterns. It is one of the most important three-dimensional display technologies currently. In this paper, a new type method of making holograms is used. First compute Fraunhofer distribution of three-dimensional objects with digital method. Optical field distribution (phase distribution) of three-dimensional objects after propagation is got with Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (ITFA), then the optical field distribution is inputted to the spatial light modulator, get three-dimensional real image of the object in optical system. Reference light is introduced into the image plane, then record three-dimensional rainbow holograms on photoresist plate. As the limit information of the single input to LCoS, this issue computes segmentation blocks from the pictures, then splice to achieve a complete record of three-dimensional image. Phase distribution obtained by computer calculation, so there is no need in physical model. There may be an important means in three-dimensional virtual.
The main work of this article is using Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator as an image input device, do some research on making three-dimensional holograms based on optical, mechanical means. Analyze the principle of making three-dimensional holograms. One important job is study the characteristics of the reflective phase-only liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator(LCoS), then use a three-dimensional software 3Dmax to build three-dimensional model for multi-angle view 2D digital picture. Software is designed to get slit hologram(phase coding) from color separation and partition the wide 2D pictures into small blocks. Make samples with planed light route, and get colourful three-dimensional hologram samples.
本文的主要工作是采用反射型硅基液晶空间光调制器(LCoS)作为图像输入设备,开展光、机、电结合的三维全息图制作研究。文中分析了实现三维全息图的原理,对图像输入设备纯相位反射型硅基液晶空间光调制器(LCoS)的特性进行研究,采用三维软件3Dmax建立三维模型,获取多视角二维数字图片,采用软件对图像进行分色分区块获得狭缝相位编码,设计搭建试验光路制作单色及彩色样品。
Holography is a technology to record object information by obtaining its interference patterns. It is one of the most important three-dimensional display technologies currently. In this paper, a new type method of making holograms is used. First compute Fraunhofer distribution of three-dimensional objects with digital method. Optical field distribution (phase distribution) of three-dimensional objects after propagation is got with Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (ITFA), then the optical field distribution is inputted to the spatial light modulator, get three-dimensional real image of the object in optical system. Reference light is introduced into the image plane, then record three-dimensional rainbow holograms on photoresist plate. As the limit information of the single input to LCoS, this issue computes segmentation blocks from the pictures, then splice to achieve a complete record of three-dimensional image. Phase distribution obtained by computer calculation, so there is no need in physical model. There may be an important means in three-dimensional virtual.
The main work of this article is using Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator as an image input device, do some research on making three-dimensional holograms based on optical, mechanical means. Analyze the principle of making three-dimensional holograms. One important job is study the characteristics of the reflective phase-only liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator(LCoS), then use a three-dimensional software 3Dmax to build three-dimensional model for multi-angle view 2D digital picture. Software is designed to get slit hologram(phase coding) from color separation and partition the wide 2D pictures into small blocks. Make samples with planed light route, and get colourful three-dimensional hologram samples.
引文
[1] NeilA. Dodgson, Autostereoseopic 3D DisPlays. ComPute,2005,Volume38,Issues,31-36.
[2]姜太平,沈春林,谭皓.真三维立体显示技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2003, 8A(4): 361-366.
[3] J.Y.Son,B.Javidi,K.D.Kwack. Methods for displaying three-dimensional images [J]. Proc .IEEE,2006,94(3):502-523.
[4]丁辉,付梦印.立体显示技术最新进展[J].电视技术,2006,8:36-38.
[5] Marek Sutkowski , Malgorzata Kujawifiska , OPtoelectronic and numerical reconstruction of digitally stored holograms,Proceedings of SPIE Vol.3956,2000.
[6]罗鹏,吕肖旭,钟丽云.数字全息技术研究进展及应用.激光杂志, 27(6),2006.
[7] U.Schnars and W.P.0.JuPtner,”Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms,”Measurement,Science and Technology13,R85-R101,2002.
[8] P. Kleinberger. Systems for three-dimensional viewing and projection: US,6252707 [P/OL].2001-01-21.http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=1997026577.
[9] D.Ezra,G..J.Woodgate,B.A.Omar,et al.New autostereoscopic display system[C]. Proc. SPIE,1995,2409:31-40.
[10] S. Pastoor, J.Liu, S.Renault. An experimental multimedia system allowing 3-D visualization and eye-controlled interaction without user-worn devices[J]. IEEE Trans. on Mulitmedia,1999,1(1):41-52.
[11]李克彬,李世其.3D立体显示技术的最新研究进展[J].计算机工程,2003,29(12):3-4.
[12] J.H.Park, S.Y.Jung, H.J.Choi, et al. Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by elemental image resizing and elemental lens switching[J]. Appl.Opt., 2002,41(32): 6875-6883.
[13] Y.H.Kim,J.H.Park,H.J.Choi,et al.Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging system using a curved lens array[J].Optics Express,2004,12(3):421-429.
[14]于美文.光学全息及信息处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[15]王媛媛,王辉,金洪震,马利红.计算机与光学相结合的动态彩虹全息研究[J].光电子·激光,2006,17(4): 471-474.
[16]杨皋.计算全息的设计制作与应用[J].包装工程,2006, 22(1):42-51.
[17]郭欢庆,王肇圻,王金城,等.数字合成全息系统中空间光调制器DMD的研究[J].光电子·激光,2004,15(1):9-12.
[18]王金城,郭欢庆,郎海涛,等.数字合成全息系统[J].光电子·激光,2002,13(7):740-743.
[19]曹玉茹.全息显示的计算原理、方法及系统实现[D].合肥:安徽大学博士学位论文,2006.
[20]张晓洁.基于LCD空间光调制器全息显示的若干问题研究[D].杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文,2007.
[21]陈海云,王辉.用空间光调制器实现全息再现像的实时重构[J].光电工程,2008,35(3):122-125.
[22]尹霞,符秋丽,杨济民,等.基于SLM的计算全息三维显示视角扩展编码[J].光子学报,2008,37(6):1144-1147.
[23] A.Lizana, I.Moreno, A.Marquez, ect. Time fluctuations of the phase modulation in a liquid crystal on silicon display: characterization and effects in diffractive optics. Optics Express.Vol.16,No.21,2008.Oct.PP16711-16722.
[24] Xiaoliang Cao,Lifa, Dayu Li and Li Xuan. Adaptive optics imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon device.Optics Express.Vol.14,No.18, September 2006.PP.8012-8018.
[25] T.Okoshi. Optimum Design and Depth Resolution of Lens-Sheet and Projection-Type Three Dimentional Displays.Applied Optics.Oct.1971.Vol.10,No.10.PP.2284-2291.
[26] T.Okoshi, K.Oshima. Three-Dimentional inaging from a unidirectional hologram: wide-viewing-zone projection type. Applied Optics.Ppril 1976. Vol.15,No.4.PP. 1023-1029.
[27] M. Yamaguchi, H. Higuchi, R. Kojima, and S. Maruyama, "Evaluation of Light-Ray Reproducibility in Full-Parallax Holographic Stereogram," in Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging, OSA Topical Meetings on CD-ROM, OSA TechnicalDigest, paper DTuA4.(2007)
[28] S. Maruyama, Y. Ono, M. Yamaguchi, "High-density recording of full-color full-parallax holographic stereogram,"Practical Holography XXII: Materials and Applications, Proc. SPIE, 6912, 69120N-1-10 (2008)
[29] M. Takano, H. Shigeta, T. Nishihara, M. Yamaguchi, S. Takahashi, N. Ohyama, A. Kobayashi, and F. Iwata, "Full-color holographic 3D printer," Proc. SPIE, 5005 (2003) 126-136
[30] Masahiro Yamaguchi, Takahiro Koyama, Hideaki,ect.Development of a prototype full-parallax holoprinter.Proc.of SPIE Vol.2406(50-56).
[31] Michael A.Klug, Nobuhiro Kihara.“Reseau”full-color one-step holographic stereograms.Proc. of SPIE Vol.2331(411-417).
[32] T.H.Jeong,R.J.Ro,R.W.Aumiller.Return of the Leith-Upatnieks transmission hologram. [C]. Proc. SPIE, 2000,4149:390-396.
[33]谢敬辉,赵业玲,于美文.横向面积分割法及其在二维/三维模压全息图中的应用[J].光学学报,1988,8(5):410-416.
[34] Siegmund Pastoor,Matthias Wopking.3-D display:A review of current technologies, Displays, 1997, (17): 100-110.
[35]马颂德,张正友.计算机视觉-计算理论与算法基础,科学出版社,北京,1998:1-20.
[36] L.B.Lesem,P.M.Hirsch,J.A.Jordan.Generation of discrete point holograms [J]. J. Opt. Soc.Am.,1968,58:729A.
[37]葛爱明,隋展,徐克.反射型LCOS器件纯位相调制特性的研究[J].物理学报,2003,52(10):2481-2485.
[38]戴海涛.LCOS位相空间光调制器的特性及其应用研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2001.
[39] Hai Tao Dai,Yan Jun Liu,Xin Wang,KeShu Xu. Characteristics of LCoS Phase-only spatial light modulator and its application [J].SPIE, 2004,5280:270-277.
[40] R.W.Gerchberg,W.O.Saxton.A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures[J].Optik,1972,35(2):227-246.
[41]徐兵,陈林森,魏国军.基于迭代傅里叶变换算法的光束整型元件相位编码的优化设计[J].LASER JOURNAK, 2004, 25(4): 73-75.
[42] HACKER M., STOBRAWA G., FEURER T.. Iterative transform algorithm for phase- only pulse shaping[J]. Optics Express, 2001, 9(4):191-199.
[43]苏显渝,李继陶.信息光学.北京:科学出版社,2002.126.
[2]姜太平,沈春林,谭皓.真三维立体显示技术[J].中国图象图形学报,2003, 8A(4): 361-366.
[3] J.Y.Son,B.Javidi,K.D.Kwack. Methods for displaying three-dimensional images [J]. Proc .IEEE,2006,94(3):502-523.
[4]丁辉,付梦印.立体显示技术最新进展[J].电视技术,2006,8:36-38.
[5] Marek Sutkowski , Malgorzata Kujawifiska , OPtoelectronic and numerical reconstruction of digitally stored holograms,Proceedings of SPIE Vol.3956,2000.
[6]罗鹏,吕肖旭,钟丽云.数字全息技术研究进展及应用.激光杂志, 27(6),2006.
[7] U.Schnars and W.P.0.JuPtner,”Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms,”Measurement,Science and Technology13,R85-R101,2002.
[8] P. Kleinberger. Systems for three-dimensional viewing and projection: US,6252707 [P/OL].2001-01-21.http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=1997026577.
[9] D.Ezra,G..J.Woodgate,B.A.Omar,et al.New autostereoscopic display system[C]. Proc. SPIE,1995,2409:31-40.
[10] S. Pastoor, J.Liu, S.Renault. An experimental multimedia system allowing 3-D visualization and eye-controlled interaction without user-worn devices[J]. IEEE Trans. on Mulitmedia,1999,1(1):41-52.
[11]李克彬,李世其.3D立体显示技术的最新研究进展[J].计算机工程,2003,29(12):3-4.
[12] J.H.Park, S.Y.Jung, H.J.Choi, et al. Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by elemental image resizing and elemental lens switching[J]. Appl.Opt., 2002,41(32): 6875-6883.
[13] Y.H.Kim,J.H.Park,H.J.Choi,et al.Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging system using a curved lens array[J].Optics Express,2004,12(3):421-429.
[14]于美文.光学全息及信息处理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[15]王媛媛,王辉,金洪震,马利红.计算机与光学相结合的动态彩虹全息研究[J].光电子·激光,2006,17(4): 471-474.
[16]杨皋.计算全息的设计制作与应用[J].包装工程,2006, 22(1):42-51.
[17]郭欢庆,王肇圻,王金城,等.数字合成全息系统中空间光调制器DMD的研究[J].光电子·激光,2004,15(1):9-12.
[18]王金城,郭欢庆,郎海涛,等.数字合成全息系统[J].光电子·激光,2002,13(7):740-743.
[19]曹玉茹.全息显示的计算原理、方法及系统实现[D].合肥:安徽大学博士学位论文,2006.
[20]张晓洁.基于LCD空间光调制器全息显示的若干问题研究[D].杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文,2007.
[21]陈海云,王辉.用空间光调制器实现全息再现像的实时重构[J].光电工程,2008,35(3):122-125.
[22]尹霞,符秋丽,杨济民,等.基于SLM的计算全息三维显示视角扩展编码[J].光子学报,2008,37(6):1144-1147.
[23] A.Lizana, I.Moreno, A.Marquez, ect. Time fluctuations of the phase modulation in a liquid crystal on silicon display: characterization and effects in diffractive optics. Optics Express.Vol.16,No.21,2008.Oct.PP16711-16722.
[24] Xiaoliang Cao,Lifa, Dayu Li and Li Xuan. Adaptive optics imaging system based on a high-resolution liquid crystal on silicon device.Optics Express.Vol.14,No.18, September 2006.PP.8012-8018.
[25] T.Okoshi. Optimum Design and Depth Resolution of Lens-Sheet and Projection-Type Three Dimentional Displays.Applied Optics.Oct.1971.Vol.10,No.10.PP.2284-2291.
[26] T.Okoshi, K.Oshima. Three-Dimentional inaging from a unidirectional hologram: wide-viewing-zone projection type. Applied Optics.Ppril 1976. Vol.15,No.4.PP. 1023-1029.
[27] M. Yamaguchi, H. Higuchi, R. Kojima, and S. Maruyama, "Evaluation of Light-Ray Reproducibility in Full-Parallax Holographic Stereogram," in Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging, OSA Topical Meetings on CD-ROM, OSA TechnicalDigest, paper DTuA4.(2007)
[28] S. Maruyama, Y. Ono, M. Yamaguchi, "High-density recording of full-color full-parallax holographic stereogram,"Practical Holography XXII: Materials and Applications, Proc. SPIE, 6912, 69120N-1-10 (2008)
[29] M. Takano, H. Shigeta, T. Nishihara, M. Yamaguchi, S. Takahashi, N. Ohyama, A. Kobayashi, and F. Iwata, "Full-color holographic 3D printer," Proc. SPIE, 5005 (2003) 126-136
[30] Masahiro Yamaguchi, Takahiro Koyama, Hideaki,ect.Development of a prototype full-parallax holoprinter.Proc.of SPIE Vol.2406(50-56).
[31] Michael A.Klug, Nobuhiro Kihara.“Reseau”full-color one-step holographic stereograms.Proc. of SPIE Vol.2331(411-417).
[32] T.H.Jeong,R.J.Ro,R.W.Aumiller.Return of the Leith-Upatnieks transmission hologram. [C]. Proc. SPIE, 2000,4149:390-396.
[33]谢敬辉,赵业玲,于美文.横向面积分割法及其在二维/三维模压全息图中的应用[J].光学学报,1988,8(5):410-416.
[34] Siegmund Pastoor,Matthias Wopking.3-D display:A review of current technologies, Displays, 1997, (17): 100-110.
[35]马颂德,张正友.计算机视觉-计算理论与算法基础,科学出版社,北京,1998:1-20.
[36] L.B.Lesem,P.M.Hirsch,J.A.Jordan.Generation of discrete point holograms [J]. J. Opt. Soc.Am.,1968,58:729A.
[37]葛爱明,隋展,徐克.反射型LCOS器件纯位相调制特性的研究[J].物理学报,2003,52(10):2481-2485.
[38]戴海涛.LCOS位相空间光调制器的特性及其应用研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2001.
[39] Hai Tao Dai,Yan Jun Liu,Xin Wang,KeShu Xu. Characteristics of LCoS Phase-only spatial light modulator and its application [J].SPIE, 2004,5280:270-277.
[40] R.W.Gerchberg,W.O.Saxton.A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures[J].Optik,1972,35(2):227-246.
[41]徐兵,陈林森,魏国军.基于迭代傅里叶变换算法的光束整型元件相位编码的优化设计[J].LASER JOURNAK, 2004, 25(4): 73-75.
[42] HACKER M., STOBRAWA G., FEURER T.. Iterative transform algorithm for phase- only pulse shaping[J]. Optics Express, 2001, 9(4):191-199.
[43]苏显渝,李继陶.信息光学.北京:科学出版社,2002.126.