长途客车监控终端的研究与实现
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摘要
随着近年来汽车的普及和公路网的建设,城际间的往来日益频繁,公路客运作为目前最普遍的客运方式,受利益的驱动,长途客车超员、超速等问题十分普遍,对人民的生命和财产造成了巨大损失,同时也严重影响了客运市场运力结构的升级和市场的健康发展,已经成为亟待有效解决的具有重大现实意义的课题。
本文针对长途客车监控终端的功能要求,提出3种检测手段相结合的超员检测方案,即:车内走道铺设压电电缆;通过摄像模块采集车内照片;采用多组冗余传感器安装于车门处(车门侧面安装3组光电传感器,台阶处放置2组压电开关)。以GPS空间定位技术作为定位手段,通过GPS接收信息中的速度信息判定客车是否超速行驶。
本系统在硬件实现上利用STM32F103VBH6作为核心控制器,完成对GPS接收电路,光电传感器检测电路,压电电缆检测电路的设计,介绍了自制压电开关的工作原理。软件实现上完成了GPS信息接收、超员检测、超速检测、LCD显示、报警等程序的编写和调试。监控中心数字图像处理部分提出一种新的边缘相似度检测是否超员的方案。
经模拟测试,本系统在超员检测上可有效防止司乘人员作伪,具有自纠错能力,超员检测精度可达97%以上。
In recent years, with the popularity of automobiles and the construction of the highway network as well as the increasingly intercity exchanges, highway passenger transport has become the most prevalent transporting method. However, spurring on by profit, some drivers of coach always break traffic regulations, such as overloading, over speeding and so on. This phenomenon cause great losses for people's life and property. Meanwhile, it also has a bad impact on the promotion of the carrying capacity's structure as well as the healthy development of the highway passenger transport's market. So highway passenger transport has become a great practical and significant topic which demanding prompt solution.
Aiming at the functional requirement of the coach' s monitoring terminal, this paper has proposed a testing programme on overloading which is composed of three parts:laying piezoelectric cable on the aisle of the coach;collecting photographs inside the coaches by photographic module;installing some sensor outside the coach's door (installing three sets of photoelectric sensor on the side of the coach's door, laying two sets of piezoelectric switch on the sidestep).Taking GPS as the locating tactic and using the speed information which is sent and received by GPS to judge whether the coach is overspeed or not.
On the realization of hardware, this system use STM32F103VBH6 as the central controller to finish the design of receiving circuit by GPS, testing the circuit by photoelectric sensor as well as testing the circuit by piezoelectric cable, introduced the operational principle of the self-control piezoelectric switch. on the realization of software, finished the writing and testing of some program, such as sending and receiving information by GPS, testing of the overloading and overspeeding, LCD display , alerting and so on. In the digital image's processing section of the Supervision Center, proposed a new programme which can test whether the coach is overloading or not by the similarity of the edge.
Through simulation test, this system not only can effectively prevent the drivers from cheating in the overload's test but also can correct by itself. The detection accuracy is more than 97 Percent.
本文针对长途客车监控终端的功能要求,提出3种检测手段相结合的超员检测方案,即:车内走道铺设压电电缆;通过摄像模块采集车内照片;采用多组冗余传感器安装于车门处(车门侧面安装3组光电传感器,台阶处放置2组压电开关)。以GPS空间定位技术作为定位手段,通过GPS接收信息中的速度信息判定客车是否超速行驶。
本系统在硬件实现上利用STM32F103VBH6作为核心控制器,完成对GPS接收电路,光电传感器检测电路,压电电缆检测电路的设计,介绍了自制压电开关的工作原理。软件实现上完成了GPS信息接收、超员检测、超速检测、LCD显示、报警等程序的编写和调试。监控中心数字图像处理部分提出一种新的边缘相似度检测是否超员的方案。
经模拟测试,本系统在超员检测上可有效防止司乘人员作伪,具有自纠错能力,超员检测精度可达97%以上。
In recent years, with the popularity of automobiles and the construction of the highway network as well as the increasingly intercity exchanges, highway passenger transport has become the most prevalent transporting method. However, spurring on by profit, some drivers of coach always break traffic regulations, such as overloading, over speeding and so on. This phenomenon cause great losses for people's life and property. Meanwhile, it also has a bad impact on the promotion of the carrying capacity's structure as well as the healthy development of the highway passenger transport's market. So highway passenger transport has become a great practical and significant topic which demanding prompt solution.
Aiming at the functional requirement of the coach' s monitoring terminal, this paper has proposed a testing programme on overloading which is composed of three parts:laying piezoelectric cable on the aisle of the coach;collecting photographs inside the coaches by photographic module;installing some sensor outside the coach's door (installing three sets of photoelectric sensor on the side of the coach's door, laying two sets of piezoelectric switch on the sidestep).Taking GPS as the locating tactic and using the speed information which is sent and received by GPS to judge whether the coach is overspeed or not.
On the realization of hardware, this system use STM32F103VBH6 as the central controller to finish the design of receiving circuit by GPS, testing the circuit by photoelectric sensor as well as testing the circuit by piezoelectric cable, introduced the operational principle of the self-control piezoelectric switch. on the realization of software, finished the writing and testing of some program, such as sending and receiving information by GPS, testing of the overloading and overspeeding, LCD display , alerting and so on. In the digital image's processing section of the Supervision Center, proposed a new programme which can test whether the coach is overloading or not by the similarity of the edge.
Through simulation test, this system not only can effectively prevent the drivers from cheating in the overload's test but also can correct by itself. The detection accuracy is more than 97 Percent.
引文
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[2]章海.城市公交车“横行霸道”问题值得关注[N].重庆晚报,2006-11-13(3)
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[5]胡敏.超速行驶车祸多[N].四川日报,2008-11-16(8)
[6]GB/T19056-2003汽车行驶记录仪[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996
[7]牟顺海.低成本汽车行驶状态记录仪的开发[D].电子科技大学硕士论文2005
[8]边远明等.智能交通系统及其发展[J].武汉理工大学学报,2001(3):13
[9]中华人民共和国道路交通安全法实施条例[S].北京:全国人大法规库2004-05-0 1
[10]赵琳.卫星导航系统[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001:111-125
[11]吴广华,张杏谷.卫星导航[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997:73-183
[12]干国强.导航与定位:现代战争的北斗星[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:43-56
[13]刘少宇.GPS 系统在车辆定位中的应用及测距算法的研究[J].信息技术2005(9):32
[14]Dr.David.Walsh etal Algorithms for Real Time Positioning Under Varying Conditions[J].Porceedings of the Institute of Navigation Technical Meeting.1995(4):313-327
[15]Anthony Stentz.The Focussed Algorithm for Real-Time Replanning[J].the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.1995(2):113
[16]朱泽君,黄涛,刘曦霞,吕杨.多传感器数据融合技术研究现状及发展方向[J].舰船电子工程.2009(2):13-16
[17]Peter M.Tracking a 3D maneuvering target with pas2 sive sensors[J].IEEE Trans,2006(27):725-780
[18]刘基余.卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京:北京科学出版社,2008:28
[19]王琦,胡修林.基于 OEM 板的 GPS 定位接收机的研究与实现[J].电子工程师,2004(30):11
[20]中国全球定位系统技术应用协会.http://www.gps.org.cn/
[21]Interface DescriptioniTrax02 GPS Receiver.Fastrax,2002.12
[22]GLachapelle,BJbwnsend,H.Gehue,M.E.Cannon.GPS versus Lran-C for Vehieular Navigation in Urbanand Mountainous Aieas.IEEE-IEE Vehiele Navigation & Information Systems Conferenee[J].Ottawa,2003,21-28
[23]S.K.Gupta,M.K.LwandC.W.Tan.A new Aproaehto Simulate GPS Measurements.IEEE,1998
[24]Mar J,Len JH.Simulation of the positioning accuracy of integrated vehicular navigation systems.IEEE.Proc-radar.Sodar Naving[J].1996,143:121-128
[25]Sang-pil Moon,Joo-Won Kim,kuk-Ho Bae.Embedded Linux Imlementation on a Commercial Digital TV System.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics[J].2003(04):1402-1407
[26]Cecchini,J.Next generation GPS-aided space navigation systems.IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine[J].2002(12)7-10
[27]陈永甫.红外探测与控制电路[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:45-47
[28]王仲生.智能监测与控制技术[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002:232-235
[29]陈晓明.传感器与检测技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004:123-127
[30]RADEKAV,RECIAS,MANFREDPF.JFET monolithic preamplifier with out —standing noise[J].IEEE Trans on Nuclear Science,1993(4):744-749
[31]CHRISTIAN M,HUANG Qiuting.A low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier for thermoelectric infrared detector[J].IEEEJSC,1997(7):968-976
[32]谢自美.电子线路设计、实验、测试[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2001:58-59
[33]张福学.传感器应用及其电路精选[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1992:314-316
[34]Bar2Shalom Y.Tracking and data assodciation[M].Academic Press,2007
[35]Lawrence A,Klein.Sensor and data fusion concepts and applications.SPIE Optical Engineering Press[M].Washington,1999:654-659
[36]王化祥,张淑英.传感器原理及应用[M].天津:天津大学出版,2003:97-105
[37]孙廷耀.关于如何选用称重传感器的几点建议[J].计量技术,2001(1):3-4
[38]徐光华,张继军,屈梁生.基于系统辨识的动态汽车衡称重方法[J].中国机械工程,2002(8):13
[39]苏弘等.一种低噪声快电荷灵敏前置放大器的研制[J].核电子学与核探测技术,2003(3):105
[40]ShiPton HW Amstrong GL.Amodern Frequency and Phase Indieating To Poseo Pe Eleetroee Phalogra Phyand Clinieal Neuro Physiology,1997(52):659-662
[41]张殿富.移动通信基础[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004:31
[42]王学龙.嵌入式系统设计与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:21
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