面向产品概念设计的专利地图技术研究
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摘要
专利是产品概念设计阶段必须考虑的重要因素。一方面,利用专利资源中蕴含着巨大的知识存量,有助于促进产品概念设计阶段的创新活动。另一方面,在概念设计阶段考虑专利因素有助于避免技术重复和发现潜在专利冲突,减少因专利侵权带来的损失。
专利地图是一种重要的专利分析工具。本文中所述专利地图是指把专利信息,特别是权利要求书、说明书、专利图片等非结构信息,进行“地图化”的一系列过程。
国际上专利地图的研究及相关软件很多,但大多数只关注英文发明专利,语种和专利类型的局限性都很大;国内专利地图的研究还刚刚起步,尚没有专门针对概念设计的专利地图研究。因此,本文以中国大陆地区专利为研究对象,研究面向产品概念设计的专利地图技术。
从专利全文的角度看,发明专利和实用新型专利都是以文字描述为主、图片描述为辅,其专利文献结构基本相似;本文将这两种专利类型并称为技术专利进行讨论。在外观设计专利中,产品图片是其专利全文的主体,文字说明仅为辅助手段,本文采用基于内容图像检索技术进行处理。
技术专利文献文辞冗长、文字晦涩,针对技术专利文献,首先研究技术专利的词汇处理技术,提出了基于统计和规则的新词识别方法、基于同义词词林的语义度量技术和新词释义方法;并以此为基础绘制专利词汇分布地图。由于技术专利文献结构规范,本文还研究了专利文献的结构化分析技术,并在此基础上提出了基于同义词群的技术专利特征的提取和表达方法。最后,依据“具有大量相同概念的文档是相似的”这一判断,采用文本聚类技术进行处理,借助动态SOM网络完成技术专利的聚类过程。
对于设计专利,为挖掘专利图片资源中蕴涵的丰富信息,将基于内容的图像检索技术应用于专利地图过程中,提出了基于专利图片的产品外观设计专利分析技术。借助基于内容的图像检索技术提取外观设计专利图片的颜色、纹理和形状特征,通过相关反馈确定权重,据此计算外观设计专利的相似性并完成专利聚类。
在上述内容的基础上,本文讨论了专利地图可视化及交互技术,提出了对专利聚类树沿三个方向进行映射,得到树状结构专利地图、散点结构专利地图和平行坐标专利地图;以词汇语义和词频为基础生成了词汇分布专利地图;并基于Flex技术提出了专利地图的可视化和交互架构。
最后,开发实现了面向产品概念设计的专利地图系统GIST,并给出锁、塑料凳等产品的专利地图实例。
Patent information is an important factor in the phase of product conceptual design. On one hand, making full use of the knowledge embedded in patents is helpful to promote the creative activities in the phase. On the other hand, it can avoid technique redeveloping and potential patent conflicts to take patent factor into account in the conceptual design phase, which can minimize the expense.
Patent mapping is an important tool of patent analysis. Patent mapping this paper referred to is a series of mapping process with patent information, especially those unstructured information, such as patent claims, details and patent illustrations.
Although there are lots of research and software relative to patent mapping, most of them just focus on English invention patents, which are localized in language sorts and patent sorts. In China, the research on patent mapping has just taken the first step, and there is still no research on patent mapping aiming at conceptual design. This paper concentrates on Chinese patents and presents the technique of patent mapping for product conceptual design.
In the view of the patent corpus, the main part of invention and utility model patents is text assisted with illustration. In this paper, invention and utility model patents are entitled as technique patents and Natural Language Processing technology was used to analyze them. The main part of design patents is illustration assisted with text. This paper used Content Based Image Retrieval technology in the analyzing process.
The text of technique patents is usually expatiatory and hard to understand. So word processing technology was firstly investigated including methods of new words identification based on statistics and rules, words semantic measurement based on TongYiCi CiLin, and new words explanation. Consequentially, Patent Key words Map was produced with the fore mentioned technology. Then patent specifications and patent claims were structurally processed. The characteristics of the patents were extracted based on similar-semanteme-word groups, which were taken to estimate the similarity of patents. Finally, according to the judgment of "those documents that have mass of same concepts are similar", dynamic SOM model was adopted to cluster the patents.
As far as patents of design, in order to mine the abundant information implicated in the patent illustrations, content based image retrieval technology was proposed to extract the characteristics of the design patent illustrations' color, texture and shape. The weights of these characteristics would be adjusted according to relevant feedback. So the similarity of two patents can be measured to carry out the patent-clustering.
Patent mapping visualization and interaction technology were also discussed. This paper proposed a method of projecting the patents clustering tree along three directions to create Tree-Shaped Patent Map, Scatter Plot Patent Map and Parallel Coordinates Patent Map. Words Distribution Patent Map was also developed based on words semantic measurement and frequency. A visualization and interaction structure was set up based on Flex technology.
Finally, the patent mapping system for conceptual design was developed, named GIST (GIS for patent). And some practical examples were presented such as lock and plastic stool.
专利地图是一种重要的专利分析工具。本文中所述专利地图是指把专利信息,特别是权利要求书、说明书、专利图片等非结构信息,进行“地图化”的一系列过程。
国际上专利地图的研究及相关软件很多,但大多数只关注英文发明专利,语种和专利类型的局限性都很大;国内专利地图的研究还刚刚起步,尚没有专门针对概念设计的专利地图研究。因此,本文以中国大陆地区专利为研究对象,研究面向产品概念设计的专利地图技术。
从专利全文的角度看,发明专利和实用新型专利都是以文字描述为主、图片描述为辅,其专利文献结构基本相似;本文将这两种专利类型并称为技术专利进行讨论。在外观设计专利中,产品图片是其专利全文的主体,文字说明仅为辅助手段,本文采用基于内容图像检索技术进行处理。
技术专利文献文辞冗长、文字晦涩,针对技术专利文献,首先研究技术专利的词汇处理技术,提出了基于统计和规则的新词识别方法、基于同义词词林的语义度量技术和新词释义方法;并以此为基础绘制专利词汇分布地图。由于技术专利文献结构规范,本文还研究了专利文献的结构化分析技术,并在此基础上提出了基于同义词群的技术专利特征的提取和表达方法。最后,依据“具有大量相同概念的文档是相似的”这一判断,采用文本聚类技术进行处理,借助动态SOM网络完成技术专利的聚类过程。
对于设计专利,为挖掘专利图片资源中蕴涵的丰富信息,将基于内容的图像检索技术应用于专利地图过程中,提出了基于专利图片的产品外观设计专利分析技术。借助基于内容的图像检索技术提取外观设计专利图片的颜色、纹理和形状特征,通过相关反馈确定权重,据此计算外观设计专利的相似性并完成专利聚类。
在上述内容的基础上,本文讨论了专利地图可视化及交互技术,提出了对专利聚类树沿三个方向进行映射,得到树状结构专利地图、散点结构专利地图和平行坐标专利地图;以词汇语义和词频为基础生成了词汇分布专利地图;并基于Flex技术提出了专利地图的可视化和交互架构。
最后,开发实现了面向产品概念设计的专利地图系统GIST,并给出锁、塑料凳等产品的专利地图实例。
Patent information is an important factor in the phase of product conceptual design. On one hand, making full use of the knowledge embedded in patents is helpful to promote the creative activities in the phase. On the other hand, it can avoid technique redeveloping and potential patent conflicts to take patent factor into account in the conceptual design phase, which can minimize the expense.
Patent mapping is an important tool of patent analysis. Patent mapping this paper referred to is a series of mapping process with patent information, especially those unstructured information, such as patent claims, details and patent illustrations.
Although there are lots of research and software relative to patent mapping, most of them just focus on English invention patents, which are localized in language sorts and patent sorts. In China, the research on patent mapping has just taken the first step, and there is still no research on patent mapping aiming at conceptual design. This paper concentrates on Chinese patents and presents the technique of patent mapping for product conceptual design.
In the view of the patent corpus, the main part of invention and utility model patents is text assisted with illustration. In this paper, invention and utility model patents are entitled as technique patents and Natural Language Processing technology was used to analyze them. The main part of design patents is illustration assisted with text. This paper used Content Based Image Retrieval technology in the analyzing process.
The text of technique patents is usually expatiatory and hard to understand. So word processing technology was firstly investigated including methods of new words identification based on statistics and rules, words semantic measurement based on TongYiCi CiLin, and new words explanation. Consequentially, Patent Key words Map was produced with the fore mentioned technology. Then patent specifications and patent claims were structurally processed. The characteristics of the patents were extracted based on similar-semanteme-word groups, which were taken to estimate the similarity of patents. Finally, according to the judgment of "those documents that have mass of same concepts are similar", dynamic SOM model was adopted to cluster the patents.
As far as patents of design, in order to mine the abundant information implicated in the patent illustrations, content based image retrieval technology was proposed to extract the characteristics of the design patent illustrations' color, texture and shape. The weights of these characteristics would be adjusted according to relevant feedback. So the similarity of two patents can be measured to carry out the patent-clustering.
Patent mapping visualization and interaction technology were also discussed. This paper proposed a method of projecting the patents clustering tree along three directions to create Tree-Shaped Patent Map, Scatter Plot Patent Map and Parallel Coordinates Patent Map. Words Distribution Patent Map was also developed based on words semantic measurement and frequency. A visualization and interaction structure was set up based on Flex technology.
Finally, the patent mapping system for conceptual design was developed, named GIST (GIS for patent). And some practical examples were presented such as lock and plastic stool.
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