高速公路路基温度采集器的设计与实现
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摘要
伴随着交通运输业的发展,高速公路运行的安全性问题也越来越突出。尤其是近几年,交通事故频繁发生,据可靠数字统计,2008年我国高速公路共发生交通事故363257起,死亡25269人,受伤114867人,直接经济损失达二十多亿元。其中因为路面温度过高引发的爆胎事故和路面开裂甚至塌陷导致的事故大约占35%。尽管人们在施工过程中采取各种措施,但是新铺的路面,不久就会出现裂缝。研究表明,高速公路路基温度场的变化对路面的耐用性具有重大影响[1],这就要求在公路修建之前和投入使用后对路基的温度作深入的研究,掌握路基温度场的变化规律。
本文从当前高速公路建设和使用过程中出现的各种温度病害问题出发,结合公路部门提供的数据分析,提出了基于ARM7内核处理器的高速公路路基温度采集系统设计方案,以硬件设计为主线,配合软件操作,实现了多个测点温度数据的同时采集。采用DS12CR887定时器进行精确定时,每隔12小时进行一次温度采集,并把采集到的数据存储到系统的存储芯片里。测试人员每隔一个月读取一次数据,或者采用无线模块,进行远距离读取。为了对温度传感器的工作状态进行监测,我们在本系统里加入了数码管显示模块。另外,为了保证温度采集系统在野外长时间可靠运行,我们在设计中采取了降低功耗的措施。
本人在课题研究中完成了全部硬件电路设计和绝大多数软件程序的设计,主要包括以下几个方面:
1.对高速公路路基温度采集器的软、硬件整体设计方案进行了研究,并选择S3C44B0作为电路主控芯片,选择C语言作为软件描述语言。
2.完成了基于Altium Design 6.9的电路图的设计和PCB的设计。
3.完成了基于S3C44B0系列单片机的硬件平台的建立,完成了硬件实验设计、制作与调试任务。
Accompanied with the development of the transportation, the highway circulation security also become more and more protruding, especially in recent years, traffic accidents occurred very common, according to the authority statistical figures, about 363257 highway traffic accidents happened in 2008, which caused 25269 people died and 114867 injured, more than 2 billion RMB lost directly. In these accidents, tyre burst caused by too highly temperature of the Pavement and pavement crack even lead to the roadbed sank nearly hold 35 percent. Though the workers have taken a lot of methods when they carried out the constructions, the new pavement always crack within a shot time. According to the research, highway roadbed temperature-field changing has put an important affect to the durable of the pavement, which means before constructing the highway and after built up, we must make deeply research to the roadbed temperature, and to know the roadbed temperature field’s vary regular pattern.
Based on these highway diseases which happened during the time when constructing and get using of the highway, with the analytical figure supplied by the highway department, we introduce a highway roadbed temperature collect system based on the ARM7 micro processor, and discuss the structure of the system by hardware designing of the temperature collecting system, with the help of the software, makes to collect different supervise areas’temperature in the same time come true. Using timer DS12CR887 to count the time, collect the temperature every 12 hours, and put these numbers to the memory chip, after a month, workers could read the numbers out or by the wireless mode in the long distance. In order to supervise the operation state of these temperature sensors, we add LED display module. In addition, to ensure the system can work stably for a long time in open field, we take the measures of reducing power consume.
The author designs all part of hardware circuit and most part of the software, which mainly includes the followings:
1、Researched the design proposal of the highway roadbed temperature collector software and hardware, selected the S3C44B0 as the main control chip, and the C language as the design language.
2、Based on the Altium Design6.9, I finished the design of SCH and PCB.
3、The hardware development platform based on the S3C44B0 micro processor is established, and achieved the design of hardware, production and debug.
本文从当前高速公路建设和使用过程中出现的各种温度病害问题出发,结合公路部门提供的数据分析,提出了基于ARM7内核处理器的高速公路路基温度采集系统设计方案,以硬件设计为主线,配合软件操作,实现了多个测点温度数据的同时采集。采用DS12CR887定时器进行精确定时,每隔12小时进行一次温度采集,并把采集到的数据存储到系统的存储芯片里。测试人员每隔一个月读取一次数据,或者采用无线模块,进行远距离读取。为了对温度传感器的工作状态进行监测,我们在本系统里加入了数码管显示模块。另外,为了保证温度采集系统在野外长时间可靠运行,我们在设计中采取了降低功耗的措施。
本人在课题研究中完成了全部硬件电路设计和绝大多数软件程序的设计,主要包括以下几个方面:
1.对高速公路路基温度采集器的软、硬件整体设计方案进行了研究,并选择S3C44B0作为电路主控芯片,选择C语言作为软件描述语言。
2.完成了基于Altium Design 6.9的电路图的设计和PCB的设计。
3.完成了基于S3C44B0系列单片机的硬件平台的建立,完成了硬件实验设计、制作与调试任务。
Accompanied with the development of the transportation, the highway circulation security also become more and more protruding, especially in recent years, traffic accidents occurred very common, according to the authority statistical figures, about 363257 highway traffic accidents happened in 2008, which caused 25269 people died and 114867 injured, more than 2 billion RMB lost directly. In these accidents, tyre burst caused by too highly temperature of the Pavement and pavement crack even lead to the roadbed sank nearly hold 35 percent. Though the workers have taken a lot of methods when they carried out the constructions, the new pavement always crack within a shot time. According to the research, highway roadbed temperature-field changing has put an important affect to the durable of the pavement, which means before constructing the highway and after built up, we must make deeply research to the roadbed temperature, and to know the roadbed temperature field’s vary regular pattern.
Based on these highway diseases which happened during the time when constructing and get using of the highway, with the analytical figure supplied by the highway department, we introduce a highway roadbed temperature collect system based on the ARM7 micro processor, and discuss the structure of the system by hardware designing of the temperature collecting system, with the help of the software, makes to collect different supervise areas’temperature in the same time come true. Using timer DS12CR887 to count the time, collect the temperature every 12 hours, and put these numbers to the memory chip, after a month, workers could read the numbers out or by the wireless mode in the long distance. In order to supervise the operation state of these temperature sensors, we add LED display module. In addition, to ensure the system can work stably for a long time in open field, we take the measures of reducing power consume.
The author designs all part of hardware circuit and most part of the software, which mainly includes the followings:
1、Researched the design proposal of the highway roadbed temperature collector software and hardware, selected the S3C44B0 as the main control chip, and the C language as the design language.
2、Based on the Altium Design6.9, I finished the design of SCH and PCB.
3、The hardware development platform based on the S3C44B0 micro processor is established, and achieved the design of hardware, production and debug.
引文
[1]刘熙明,喻迎春,雷桂莲.辐射平衡原理计算夏季水泥路面温度[J].应用气象学报,2004,15(5):623-628.
[2] Shao J, Lister P J. An automated nowcasting model of road surface temperature and state for road maintenance[J].J.Appl. Meteor,1996,35(8):1352-1361.
[3] Barber E S. Calculation of maximum pavement temperatures from weather reports. Highway Research Board[M], Washington DC, 1957.
[4] Christison J M,Anderson K O.The response of asphalt pavements to low temperature climatic environment [M].1972.
[5] Bent H Sass.A numerical forecasting system for the prediction of slippery roads.J.Appl. Meter.1997,36(6): 801-817.
[6] Jacos W. Raatz W E. Forecasting road-surface temperatures for different characteristics [J]. Meteor. Appl., 1996.3(3):243-256.
[7]朱林楠.高原冻土区不同下垫面的附面层研究[J].冰川冻土,1988,10(1):35-39.
[8] S3C44B0中文数据手册(V0.1)[EB/OL].http:www.hzlitai.com.2003-01.
[9] Two-wire Serial EEPROM AT24C256B Datasheet [EB/OL].http://www.atmel.com Rev.
[10]孟庆军,高蒙。基于S3C2410供电测控系统的设计[J]。工业控制计算机,2007,20(11):64-65.
[11]何立民.I2 C总线结构应用系统设计[M].北京:北航出版社,1995.12(15):26-37.
[12]何立民.MCS51系列单片机应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.
[13]张平,周日峰.基于PCI总线的高速多通道数据采集与存储[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(3):91-95.
[14]杨国宇,顾威.基于PIC18F458单片机的数据采集和通讯系统[J].工业控制计算机,2006,19(9):3-4.
[15]徐欣,袁慎芳.结构健康监测中压电元件的温度补偿方法[J].压电与声光,2006,28(6):730-732.
[16] Dallas Semiconductor. DS18B20 Programmmable resolution1-Write Digital Thermometer[Z].2005.
[17] Noore A. Microcontroller compatible clock chip design using field programmable gate array[J].IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,1991,37(3): 629-634.
[18] Dallas Semiconductor Corporation. DS18B20 Reference Manual [M]. 1990.
[19]吴江,陈尚松.用单总线技术设计环境状态监控系统[J].电子技术应用,2006(6):23-74.
[20] DS12CR887/DS12CR885 RTC Trickle Charger [EB/OL]. http://www.21icsearch.com.
[21]黄宇飞,吴江,陈尚松.单片机总线技术[M].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001.
[22]戴荣,游凤荷,周景霞.由单片机和多片DS18B20组成的多点温度测控系统[J].国外电子元器件,2002(1):60-62.
[23]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础,模拟部分(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999 :91-92.
[24]蒋新革,王平,古丽孜娜.基于单片机与电话网实现远程测控[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(8):56-58.
[25]李秀红,黄天戊,孙忠富.基于GPRS/SMS的嵌入式环境监测系统,吉林大学学报,2007,37(6),1409-1414.
[26]马忠梅.单片机的C语言程序设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1997.
[27] Maxim. Low-power, low-rate-limited RS485/RS232 Transceivers. 1996.2.
[28] MAX3232 datasheet[EB/OL]. http:www.maxim-ic.com.2005-06.
[29]丛培泽,陈黎明.电气设备的温度在线监测[J].水泥技术.2008,(5): 92-94.
[30]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001,12.
[31]邵贝贝.微控制器(单片机)抗干扰能力与电磁兼容性.电子技术[J].1996(11):39-42.
[32]几种常见无线收发芯片性能比较[EB/OL], http://www.microcontrol.cn/bbs/.2006-11-11.
[33]周建荣,王鼎沸,郑家移.基于MAX1837系列锂电池充电控制器的的双电源供电系统的设计[J].2005.46-57.
[2] Shao J, Lister P J. An automated nowcasting model of road surface temperature and state for road maintenance[J].J.Appl. Meteor,1996,35(8):1352-1361.
[3] Barber E S. Calculation of maximum pavement temperatures from weather reports. Highway Research Board[M], Washington DC, 1957.
[4] Christison J M,Anderson K O.The response of asphalt pavements to low temperature climatic environment [M].1972.
[5] Bent H Sass.A numerical forecasting system for the prediction of slippery roads.J.Appl. Meter.1997,36(6): 801-817.
[6] Jacos W. Raatz W E. Forecasting road-surface temperatures for different characteristics [J]. Meteor. Appl., 1996.3(3):243-256.
[7]朱林楠.高原冻土区不同下垫面的附面层研究[J].冰川冻土,1988,10(1):35-39.
[8] S3C44B0中文数据手册(V0.1)[EB/OL].http:www.hzlitai.com.2003-01.
[9] Two-wire Serial EEPROM AT24C256B Datasheet [EB/OL].http://www.atmel.com Rev.
[10]孟庆军,高蒙。基于S3C2410供电测控系统的设计[J]。工业控制计算机,2007,20(11):64-65.
[11]何立民.I2 C总线结构应用系统设计[M].北京:北航出版社,1995.12(15):26-37.
[12]何立民.MCS51系列单片机应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.
[13]张平,周日峰.基于PCI总线的高速多通道数据采集与存储[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(3):91-95.
[14]杨国宇,顾威.基于PIC18F458单片机的数据采集和通讯系统[J].工业控制计算机,2006,19(9):3-4.
[15]徐欣,袁慎芳.结构健康监测中压电元件的温度补偿方法[J].压电与声光,2006,28(6):730-732.
[16] Dallas Semiconductor. DS18B20 Programmmable resolution1-Write Digital Thermometer[Z].2005.
[17] Noore A. Microcontroller compatible clock chip design using field programmable gate array[J].IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,1991,37(3): 629-634.
[18] Dallas Semiconductor Corporation. DS18B20 Reference Manual [M]. 1990.
[19]吴江,陈尚松.用单总线技术设计环境状态监控系统[J].电子技术应用,2006(6):23-74.
[20] DS12CR887/DS12CR885 RTC Trickle Charger [EB/OL]. http://www.21icsearch.com.
[21]黄宇飞,吴江,陈尚松.单片机总线技术[M].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2001.
[22]戴荣,游凤荷,周景霞.由单片机和多片DS18B20组成的多点温度测控系统[J].国外电子元器件,2002(1):60-62.
[23]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础,模拟部分(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999 :91-92.
[24]蒋新革,王平,古丽孜娜.基于单片机与电话网实现远程测控[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(8):56-58.
[25]李秀红,黄天戊,孙忠富.基于GPRS/SMS的嵌入式环境监测系统,吉林大学学报,2007,37(6),1409-1414.
[26]马忠梅.单片机的C语言程序设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1997.
[27] Maxim. Low-power, low-rate-limited RS485/RS232 Transceivers. 1996.2.
[28] MAX3232 datasheet[EB/OL]. http:www.maxim-ic.com.2005-06.
[29]丛培泽,陈黎明.电气设备的温度在线监测[J].水泥技术.2008,(5): 92-94.
[30]谭浩强.C程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2001,12.
[31]邵贝贝.微控制器(单片机)抗干扰能力与电磁兼容性.电子技术[J].1996(11):39-42.
[32]几种常见无线收发芯片性能比较[EB/OL], http://www.microcontrol.cn/bbs/.2006-11-11.
[33]周建荣,王鼎沸,郑家移.基于MAX1837系列锂电池充电控制器的的双电源供电系统的设计[J].2005.46-57.