基于射频芯片A7105的航模无线收发系统的设计与实现
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摘要
航模作为无需人力驾驶的飞行器越来越受到重视。无线收发系统是航模通信设备的最重要的部分。本文介绍了一种基于射频芯片A7105的2.4GHz航模无线收发系统的设计与实现过程。根据无线收发系统的设计要求,选定射频芯片A7105作为射频端核心模块。对该芯片的内部模块及参数指标进行了简要地剖析,并计算了信号的传输链路功率增益。将芯片各个模块参数指标输入ADS软件进行系统级仿真,并验证传输链路功率增益的计算结果。基于HFSS软件仿真优化了发射机PCB天线,改善了天线的谐振频率和天线阻抗。
基于protel99软件完成收发系统的原理图设计和PCB版图设计。在设计原理图时以射频芯片A7105和单片机WT69P5为核心,添加电源电路、晶振电路和控制电路等外围电路。以射频芯片A7105为核心的部分是射频信号处理电路,以单片机WT69P5为核心的部分是基带信号处理电路。根据机械特性、电磁特性和电气特性等其它现实因素进行合理的PCB布局布线设计。使用矢量网络分析仪对PCB天线进行测试,分析其性能特性。做出的实物经测试能够应用于航模无线通信。
Model airplanes have gained more and more attention as a kind of aircraft without manpower driving. Wireless transceiver system is the most important part of communication equipments in model airplanes. In this article, a design and implementation process of a2.4GHz model aircraft wireless transceiver system based on radio frequency chip A7105have been introduced. According to wireless transceiver system design requirements, selecting radio frequency chip A7105as the core module of the radio frequency end. Analyzing the chip internal modules and parameters, and calculating the signal power gain of transmission link. Sending the chip internal modules parameters to ADS software for system level simulation, and confirmed the calculation results of the transmission link power gain. Simulating and optimizing the transmitter PCB antenna based on HFSS software to improving the antenna resonance frequency and the antenna impedance.
The schematic diagram and PCB layout of transceiver system have been designed based on Protel99SE software. The radio frequency chip A7105and micro control unit WT69P5are combined as a core which is surrounded by power circuits, crystal oscillator circuits, control circuits and other peripheral circuits. The part of surrounding Radio frequency chip A7015is radio frequency end circuit, and the other which surrounding the MCU WT69P5is baseband signal processing circuit. PCB layout and routing is rationally designed according to mechanical properties, electromagnetic characteristics, electrical characteristics and other realistic factors. Using vector network analyzer to test PCB antenna and analyzing the performance characteristics. The circuit objects can be applied in model airplane wireless communication after testing.
基于protel99软件完成收发系统的原理图设计和PCB版图设计。在设计原理图时以射频芯片A7105和单片机WT69P5为核心,添加电源电路、晶振电路和控制电路等外围电路。以射频芯片A7105为核心的部分是射频信号处理电路,以单片机WT69P5为核心的部分是基带信号处理电路。根据机械特性、电磁特性和电气特性等其它现实因素进行合理的PCB布局布线设计。使用矢量网络分析仪对PCB天线进行测试,分析其性能特性。做出的实物经测试能够应用于航模无线通信。
Model airplanes have gained more and more attention as a kind of aircraft without manpower driving. Wireless transceiver system is the most important part of communication equipments in model airplanes. In this article, a design and implementation process of a2.4GHz model aircraft wireless transceiver system based on radio frequency chip A7105have been introduced. According to wireless transceiver system design requirements, selecting radio frequency chip A7105as the core module of the radio frequency end. Analyzing the chip internal modules and parameters, and calculating the signal power gain of transmission link. Sending the chip internal modules parameters to ADS software for system level simulation, and confirmed the calculation results of the transmission link power gain. Simulating and optimizing the transmitter PCB antenna based on HFSS software to improving the antenna resonance frequency and the antenna impedance.
The schematic diagram and PCB layout of transceiver system have been designed based on Protel99SE software. The radio frequency chip A7105and micro control unit WT69P5are combined as a core which is surrounded by power circuits, crystal oscillator circuits, control circuits and other peripheral circuits. The part of surrounding Radio frequency chip A7015is radio frequency end circuit, and the other which surrounding the MCU WT69P5is baseband signal processing circuit. PCB layout and routing is rationally designed according to mechanical properties, electromagnetic characteristics, electrical characteristics and other realistic factors. Using vector network analyzer to test PCB antenna and analyzing the performance characteristics. The circuit objects can be applied in model airplane wireless communication after testing.
引文
[1]车嵘.射频/微波收发系统的研究[D].中国科学院,2007.
[2]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：5-7.
[3]王泽宇,陈彦起.基于PLCC的物联网传感器节点的设计[J].电子技术应用,2011,37(11)：140～143.
[4]李磊.无人机技术现状与发展趋势[J].硅谷,2010,(1)：46.
[5]黄玉兰.射频电路理论与设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：6-7.
[6]王金川,覃真,韩煜.射频技术发展现状与应用[J].电子技术应用,2007,(7)：5-8.
[7]王立峰,陈旭东,陶乐文.基于RF微功率芯片的智能汽车遥控系统[J].自动化技术与应用,2011,30(6)：47～50.
[8]王昕.基于nRF905射频芯片的无线温度采集系统的研制[D].浙江工业大学,2010.
[9]曾妍,曾宝国.基于ARM9和nRF24LE1的智能家居系统[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,6(8)：2033～2034.
[10]王至秋.基于无线射频技术的无人值守病房监护系统[J].现代电子技术,2010,7(318)：159～161.
[11]胡标.一种微波变频收发系统的研制[D].电子科技大学,2008.
[12]曹锐,安士全.输入端谐波抑制的高效E类宽禁带功率放大器[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(2)：201～204.
[13]杨秀强,杨先国.一种新颖双馈电型PIN开关[J].信息与电子工程,2010,8(4)：444～446.
[14]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：33-49.
[15]于强.中频信号接收与处理电路研究[J].信息通信,2012,(1)：42～43.
[16]邵震洪,李玉生,沈连丰等.基于GC5016的数字上变频电路设计[J].信息化研究,2010,36(11)：45～47.
[17]丁莉.无线通信射频收发系统的研究与设计[D].安徽理工大学,2009.
[18]朴哲华,梁昌洪.改善放大器三阶交调失真的一种方法[J].现代电子技术,2004(21)：109～110.
[19]付莉.浅谈超外差式接收机工作原理及应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2011,7(16)：3972～3973.
[20]曾昭林,王玉华.零中频技术在接收机中的应用[J].通信与广播电视,2003(4)：1-7.
[21]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：243～246.
[22]刘湘平.高频接收机选择性的重新评价[J].移动通信,1984：19～28.
[23]Floyd A, Gadaleta S, Macumber D, et al. Integration of IR sensor clutter rejection techniques with pixel cluster frame manipulation[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering.2005,5913(1):1-10.
[24]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：50～51.
[25]Vetro A, Sun H. On the motion compensation within a down conversion decoder[J]. Journal of Electronic Imaging.1988,7(3):616-627.
[26]Falceta G D. The role of stellar mass and mass functions in the ISM dust feedback [J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics.2008,478(1):151-154.
[27]Liang Y J, Chao L. Genetic algorithms used to design and optimization of broadband whip antenna[J]. IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications Transactions.2009,31(3):92-95.
[28]Supanakoon P, Takada J. Three ray path loss based on peak power loss for ultra wideband impulse radio systems[C].International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems:"The Decade of Intelligent and Green Signal Processing and Communications". Thailand.2011.
[29]Darr M J, Zhao L. Modeling path loss in confined animal feeding operations[J]. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting.2008,45(1): 351-368.
[30]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：16～18.
[31]陈艳华,李朝晖,夏玮.ADS应用详解——射频电路设计与仿真[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[32]Kang D B, Shin S. A study on the cascading chebyshev filter for ripple cancellation[J]. Transaction of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.2012,61(1):168-172.
[33]Halman J, Ramsey K, Sawtelle V. Effects of mesh voids on insertion loss of metallic mesh coatings[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering.2007, 217(2):239-260.
[34]Leonardo L, Federico V, Andrea M, et al. Dual-Band Spline-Shaped PCB Antenna for Wi-Fi Applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2009,8(3):616-619.
[35]李明洋HFSS应用详解——电磁仿真设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[36]Wong K, Lin Y F. Microstrip-line-fed compact microstrip antenna with broadand operation[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium.1998, 2(123):1120-1123.
[37]Zhang J, Ye J S, Tang X S. Kalman filtering identification of Winkler foundation's parameter based on Mindlin theory[J]. Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics.2008,29(2):425-430.
[38]Dubois P, Rosset S, Niklaus M, et al. Voltage control of the resonance frequency of dielectric electroactive polymer(DEAP) membranes[J]. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems. 2008,17(5):1072-1081.
[39]吴永乐,刘元安,黎淑兰.一种基于有耗传输线的动态smith圆图[J].微电子学,2007,37(5)：660～663.
[40]Tang T C, Chian C H. EMI Suppression for High-Speed PCB[C]. International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference Proceedings. Kissimmee, United States,2009.
[41]Kuo S K, Hsu J Y, Hung Y H. A Performance Evaluation Method for EMI Sheet of Metal Mountable HF RFID Tag[J]. Measurement,2011,44(5):946-953.
[42]葛宁.抑制电磁干扰源的设计[J].电子设计工程,2012,20(2)：112～117.
[43]邓奕,马双宝,谢龙汉Protel 99 SE原理图与PCB设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社, 2011.
[44]张晓红,李鸿光,马龙章.同轴电缆接地环流的干扰与抑制[J].中国有线电视,2008(10)1112～1113.
[45]王纯委,王明.一种基于AT25T1024 FLASH的高速SPI接口设计[J].电子元器件应用,2011,13(4)：7-9.
[46]邓奕,马双宝,谢龙汉Protel 99 SE原理图与PCB设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2011：159～162.
[47]Brewer R. Five steps to a better EMC test[J]. EE:Evaluation Engineering.2010,49(5): 48-52.
[48]Jung J S, Kim H S, Kim S G, et al. Correlation analysis about loop impedance and load condition[J]. Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineering,2012,61(2): 342-346.
[49]徐苏.高速电路传输线阻抗匹配分析与仿真[J].煤炭技术,2011,30(10)：38～41.
[50]Yu X, Wang L, Wang H, Matching network optimization for indoor MIMO[J]. International Conference on Comupational Problem-Solving,2010,27(3):175-178.
[51]Chan W F, De F E, Morche D, et al. A novel method for synthesizing an antomatic matching network and its control unit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2011,58(9): 2225-2236.
[52]Garcia R M, Garcia A J, Salazar J, et al. Low cost matching network for ultrasonic transducers[J]. Physics Procedia,2009,3(1):1025-031.
[53]Zhang X Y, Wang P, Xu F, et al. Tunable patterned ferroelectric parallel-plate varactors for matching network[J]. Solid-State Electronics,2009,53(9):993-997.
[2]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：5-7.
[3]王泽宇,陈彦起.基于PLCC的物联网传感器节点的设计[J].电子技术应用,2011,37(11)：140～143.
[4]李磊.无人机技术现状与发展趋势[J].硅谷,2010,(1)：46.
[5]黄玉兰.射频电路理论与设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：6-7.
[6]王金川,覃真,韩煜.射频技术发展现状与应用[J].电子技术应用,2007,(7)：5-8.
[7]王立峰,陈旭东,陶乐文.基于RF微功率芯片的智能汽车遥控系统[J].自动化技术与应用,2011,30(6)：47～50.
[8]王昕.基于nRF905射频芯片的无线温度采集系统的研制[D].浙江工业大学,2010.
[9]曾妍,曾宝国.基于ARM9和nRF24LE1的智能家居系统[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,6(8)：2033～2034.
[10]王至秋.基于无线射频技术的无人值守病房监护系统[J].现代电子技术,2010,7(318)：159～161.
[11]胡标.一种微波变频收发系统的研制[D].电子科技大学,2008.
[12]曹锐,安士全.输入端谐波抑制的高效E类宽禁带功率放大器[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(2)：201～204.
[13]杨秀强,杨先国.一种新颖双馈电型PIN开关[J].信息与电子工程,2010,8(4)：444～446.
[14]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：33-49.
[15]于强.中频信号接收与处理电路研究[J].信息通信,2012,(1)：42～43.
[16]邵震洪,李玉生,沈连丰等.基于GC5016的数字上变频电路设计[J].信息化研究,2010,36(11)：45～47.
[17]丁莉.无线通信射频收发系统的研究与设计[D].安徽理工大学,2009.
[18]朴哲华,梁昌洪.改善放大器三阶交调失真的一种方法[J].现代电子技术,2004(21)：109～110.
[19]付莉.浅谈超外差式接收机工作原理及应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2011,7(16)：3972～3973.
[20]曾昭林,王玉华.零中频技术在接收机中的应用[J].通信与广播电视,2003(4)：1-7.
[21]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：243～246.
[22]刘湘平.高频接收机选择性的重新评价[J].移动通信,1984：19～28.
[23]Floyd A, Gadaleta S, Macumber D, et al. Integration of IR sensor clutter rejection techniques with pixel cluster frame manipulation[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering.2005,5913(1):1-10.
[24]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：50～51.
[25]Vetro A, Sun H. On the motion compensation within a down conversion decoder[J]. Journal of Electronic Imaging.1988,7(3):616-627.
[26]Falceta G D. The role of stellar mass and mass functions in the ISM dust feedback [J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics.2008,478(1):151-154.
[27]Liang Y J, Chao L. Genetic algorithms used to design and optimization of broadband whip antenna[J]. IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications Transactions.2009,31(3):92-95.
[28]Supanakoon P, Takada J. Three ray path loss based on peak power loss for ultra wideband impulse radio systems[C].International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems:"The Decade of Intelligent and Green Signal Processing and Communications". Thailand.2011.
[29]Darr M J, Zhao L. Modeling path loss in confined animal feeding operations[J]. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting.2008,45(1): 351-368.
[30]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2005：16～18.
[31]陈艳华,李朝晖,夏玮.ADS应用详解——射频电路设计与仿真[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[32]Kang D B, Shin S. A study on the cascading chebyshev filter for ripple cancellation[J]. Transaction of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.2012,61(1):168-172.
[33]Halman J, Ramsey K, Sawtelle V. Effects of mesh voids on insertion loss of metallic mesh coatings[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering.2007, 217(2):239-260.
[34]Leonardo L, Federico V, Andrea M, et al. Dual-Band Spline-Shaped PCB Antenna for Wi-Fi Applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2009,8(3):616-619.
[35]李明洋HFSS应用详解——电磁仿真设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[36]Wong K, Lin Y F. Microstrip-line-fed compact microstrip antenna with broadand operation[J].IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium.1998, 2(123):1120-1123.
[37]Zhang J, Ye J S, Tang X S. Kalman filtering identification of Winkler foundation's parameter based on Mindlin theory[J]. Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics.2008,29(2):425-430.
[38]Dubois P, Rosset S, Niklaus M, et al. Voltage control of the resonance frequency of dielectric electroactive polymer(DEAP) membranes[J]. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems. 2008,17(5):1072-1081.
[39]吴永乐,刘元安,黎淑兰.一种基于有耗传输线的动态smith圆图[J].微电子学,2007,37(5)：660～663.
[40]Tang T C, Chian C H. EMI Suppression for High-Speed PCB[C]. International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference Proceedings. Kissimmee, United States,2009.
[41]Kuo S K, Hsu J Y, Hung Y H. A Performance Evaluation Method for EMI Sheet of Metal Mountable HF RFID Tag[J]. Measurement,2011,44(5):946-953.
[42]葛宁.抑制电磁干扰源的设计[J].电子设计工程,2012,20(2)：112～117.
[43]邓奕,马双宝,谢龙汉Protel 99 SE原理图与PCB设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社, 2011.
[44]张晓红,李鸿光,马龙章.同轴电缆接地环流的干扰与抑制[J].中国有线电视,2008(10)1112～1113.
[45]王纯委,王明.一种基于AT25T1024 FLASH的高速SPI接口设计[J].电子元器件应用,2011,13(4)：7-9.
[46]邓奕,马双宝,谢龙汉Protel 99 SE原理图与PCB设计[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2011：159～162.
[47]Brewer R. Five steps to a better EMC test[J]. EE:Evaluation Engineering.2010,49(5): 48-52.
[48]Jung J S, Kim H S, Kim S G, et al. Correlation analysis about loop impedance and load condition[J]. Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineering,2012,61(2): 342-346.
[49]徐苏.高速电路传输线阻抗匹配分析与仿真[J].煤炭技术,2011,30(10)：38～41.
[50]Yu X, Wang L, Wang H, Matching network optimization for indoor MIMO[J]. International Conference on Comupational Problem-Solving,2010,27(3):175-178.
[51]Chan W F, De F E, Morche D, et al. A novel method for synthesizing an antomatic matching network and its control unit[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2011,58(9): 2225-2236.
[52]Garcia R M, Garcia A J, Salazar J, et al. Low cost matching network for ultrasonic transducers[J]. Physics Procedia,2009,3(1):1025-031.
[53]Zhang X Y, Wang P, Xu F, et al. Tunable patterned ferroelectric parallel-plate varactors for matching network[J]. Solid-State Electronics,2009,53(9):993-997.