基于Sagnac干涉仪光纤传感器干扰检测定位技术研究
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摘要
Sagnac干涉型光纤传感器是光纤传感器中光相位调制型传感器,多用于物理旋转状态的测量,也用于时变信号的测量。基于Sagnac干涉仪设计的光纤陀螺仪已被广泛应用于军事及商业上。基于Sagnac干涉仪的光纤传感器在长距离、小泄露管道检测定位上有其明显的优势,同时也可应用在光纤围栏报警系统中,具有简单高效、安装便捷、维护简单、成本较低等优点。
本文在介绍了光纤传感器理论及技术和数据采集系统知识的基础上,主要针对Sagnac干涉仪原理以及Sagnac干涉仪单点定位原理及实验进行研究,得到了一些有效的信号分析处理方法。获得的主要研究成果有:
(1)研究了Sagnac干涉原理,推导出了光在折射率为n的光路中传播时,萨格纳克效应产生的相位差与旋转角速度间关系。
(2)研究了基于虚拟仪器和PCI总线的数据采集系统。掌握了PCI-1714数据采集卡的使用方法,并利用LabVIEW语言进行了数据采集程序的编写。
(3)进行了Sagnac干涉仪单点干扰实验研究,采集实验中的传感信号,并对所采集信号进行分析、处理,研究了其定位实现原理,并对定位误差进行分析。介绍了基于Sagnac干涉仪的传感系统在光纤围栏报警中的应用以及管道泄漏检测定位中的应用,对其存在的问题进行了分析及探讨。
(4)研究了Sagnac干涉仪单点干扰实验数据的频谱处理方法。利用小波分析法获取频谱的近似部分,以获得零频点分辨率较好的频谱。
(5)研究了从Sagnac干涉仪单点干扰实验数据中获取零频值的方法。提出了一种获取零频值的新方法,并进行编程实现,实现了干扰源定位的信号分析处理的关键步骤,该方法可推广到较广的应用范围。
Optical fiber Sagnac sensors are optical phase-modulated fiber sensors and have been used to measure the physical parameters such as angular velocity and time-varying signals. Fiber-Optic Gyroscope based on Sagnac Interferometers has been applied in military affairs and business. Optical fiber Sagnac sensors have a lot of advantages, such as easy installation, simple maintenance and lower costs, and have been applied in perimeter security system, pipeline leakage detection and location system.
In this dissertation, firstly the theory and technology of optical fiber sensing system as well as the technologies of data acquisition system have been introduced. Then the principle of Sagnac Interferometer and the position determination experiment of disturbance in Sagnac Interferometer are studied. Some useful conclusions have been achieved. The primary achievements are as follows:
(1) The principle of Sagnac Interferometer is studied. The relationship between the phase and angular velocity of rotation is obtained as a result of Sagnac Effect, when the light propagates in the optical path where the optical refractive index is n.
(2) The data acquisition system which is based on Virtual Instrument and PCI bus technology is studied. Advantech PCI-1714 is used as the hardware platform of the system. The data acquisition program is developed with LabVIEW in order to drive the PCI-1714 and acquire sensing signal.
(3) The position determining experiment of disturbance at a particular place along a Sagnac Interferometer is made. After the experiment, the acquired data is analyzed in order to monitor and locate the position of disturbance. The error between the theoretical result and numerical analysis result is analyzed. In the meantime, the problems which would be encountered in practical applications are discussed.
(4) The method of spectrum processing of the acquired data is studied. The approximate part of the spectrum can be achieved by the method of discrete wavelet transform so that better resolution of the spectrum can be got.
(5) The method to achieve the null frequency of the acquired data spectrum during the process of signal processing is studied. A new way to get the null frequency has been proposed and implemented by programming, which is the key step in the whole process of signal processing. And this method can also be used to a wider range of applications.
本文在介绍了光纤传感器理论及技术和数据采集系统知识的基础上,主要针对Sagnac干涉仪原理以及Sagnac干涉仪单点定位原理及实验进行研究,得到了一些有效的信号分析处理方法。获得的主要研究成果有:
(1)研究了Sagnac干涉原理,推导出了光在折射率为n的光路中传播时,萨格纳克效应产生的相位差与旋转角速度间关系。
(2)研究了基于虚拟仪器和PCI总线的数据采集系统。掌握了PCI-1714数据采集卡的使用方法,并利用LabVIEW语言进行了数据采集程序的编写。
(3)进行了Sagnac干涉仪单点干扰实验研究,采集实验中的传感信号,并对所采集信号进行分析、处理,研究了其定位实现原理,并对定位误差进行分析。介绍了基于Sagnac干涉仪的传感系统在光纤围栏报警中的应用以及管道泄漏检测定位中的应用,对其存在的问题进行了分析及探讨。
(4)研究了Sagnac干涉仪单点干扰实验数据的频谱处理方法。利用小波分析法获取频谱的近似部分,以获得零频点分辨率较好的频谱。
(5)研究了从Sagnac干涉仪单点干扰实验数据中获取零频值的方法。提出了一种获取零频值的新方法,并进行编程实现,实现了干扰源定位的信号分析处理的关键步骤,该方法可推广到较广的应用范围。
Optical fiber Sagnac sensors are optical phase-modulated fiber sensors and have been used to measure the physical parameters such as angular velocity and time-varying signals. Fiber-Optic Gyroscope based on Sagnac Interferometers has been applied in military affairs and business. Optical fiber Sagnac sensors have a lot of advantages, such as easy installation, simple maintenance and lower costs, and have been applied in perimeter security system, pipeline leakage detection and location system.
In this dissertation, firstly the theory and technology of optical fiber sensing system as well as the technologies of data acquisition system have been introduced. Then the principle of Sagnac Interferometer and the position determination experiment of disturbance in Sagnac Interferometer are studied. Some useful conclusions have been achieved. The primary achievements are as follows:
(1) The principle of Sagnac Interferometer is studied. The relationship between the phase and angular velocity of rotation is obtained as a result of Sagnac Effect, when the light propagates in the optical path where the optical refractive index is n.
(2) The data acquisition system which is based on Virtual Instrument and PCI bus technology is studied. Advantech PCI-1714 is used as the hardware platform of the system. The data acquisition program is developed with LabVIEW in order to drive the PCI-1714 and acquire sensing signal.
(3) The position determining experiment of disturbance at a particular place along a Sagnac Interferometer is made. After the experiment, the acquired data is analyzed in order to monitor and locate the position of disturbance. The error between the theoretical result and numerical analysis result is analyzed. In the meantime, the problems which would be encountered in practical applications are discussed.
(4) The method of spectrum processing of the acquired data is studied. The approximate part of the spectrum can be achieved by the method of discrete wavelet transform so that better resolution of the spectrum can be got.
(5) The method to achieve the null frequency of the acquired data spectrum during the process of signal processing is studied. A new way to get the null frequency has been proposed and implemented by programming, which is the key step in the whole process of signal processing. And this method can also be used to a wider range of applications.
引文
[1]王惠文.光纤传感技术与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[2]张志鹏.光纤传感器原理.北京:中国计量出版社,2003.
[3]Knudsen S,Blotekjaer K.An Ultrasonic Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Incorporating a Aush-Pull Transducer in a Sagnac Interferometer.Lightwave Technol,1994,12:1696-1700.
[4]Krakenkenes K,Blotekjaer K.Sagnac Interferometer for Under-water Sound Detection.Noise properties.OptLett,1989,14(20):1152-1154.
[5]Kurmer J P,et al.Distributed Fiber Optic Leak Detection.PaloAlto,CA:EPRI,1992.
[6]B.Culshaw,J.Darkin,et al.Optical fiber sensors:systems and applications.Artech House,MA,USA.1989,2:767-787.
[7]Alan D.Kersey.A review of recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology.Optical Fiber Technology.1996,vol.2,no.0036:pp.291-320.
[8]J.L.Brooks et al..Coherence multiplexing of fiber-optic interferometric sensors.Lightwave Technology.1985,vol.LT-3:pp.1062-1071.
[9]S.Knudsen and K.Blotekjaer.An ultrasonic fiber-optic hydrophone incorporating a push-pull ransducer in a Sagnac interferometer.J.Lightwave Technology.1994,vol.12,no.9:pp.1696-1700.
[10]刘波,杨亦飞,牛文成,等.光纤围栏技术特点及研究情况.光子技术.2004(4):208-213.
[11]M.Szustakowski,W.Ciurapinski,N.Palka,M.Zyczkowski.Recent development of fiber sensors for perimeter security.IEEE.2001:142-148.
[12]杭利军,何存富,吴斌.基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术.光学技术.2007.9.33(5):651-653.
[13]J.Darkin,B.Culshaw,et al.Optical fiber sensors:principles and components.Artech House,MA,USA.1988,1:1-8.
[14]P.M.Nellen,A.Frank,R.Bronnimann,et al.Optical fiber Bragg gratings for tunnel surveillance.SPIE,2000,3986:263-270.
[15]Chuan Li,Yi-Mo Zhang,Tie-Gen Liu,et al.Distributed Optical Fiber Bi-directional Strain Sensor for Gas Trunk Pipelines.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2001,36:41-47.
[16]刘增基,周洋溢,胡辽林,等.光纤通信.西安电子科技大学出版社.2001:13-44.
[17]S.Otani,H.Hiraishi,M.Midorikawa,et al.Development of smart systems for building structures.SPIE,2006,3988:2-9.
[18]P.Bonaldi.Development in automated dam monitoring in Italy.International Journal on Hydropower & Dams.1997,4(2):60-63.
[19]戎华北.光纤传感器的现状和应用.厦门科技.2005(4):32-36.
[20]孟克.光纤干涉测量技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004.
[21]Xue Jian.Research for Fiber-optic Electric Current Sensors Of Phase Modulating Mode.Master Dissertation of North China Electric Power University,2003,12.
[22]赵勇.光纤伟感原理与应用技术.北京:清华出版社,2007.8:102-108.
[23]Lu Kun.Design of a Strain Measurement System Based on Michelson Fiber Optical Inteferer Sensor.Master Dissertation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2005.2.
[24]LIN Lin.Absolute Measurement of the Path Difference between Two Arms of Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.Optoelectronic Technology&Information,2006,19(3):23-27.
[25]Lu Bo,Yu BingKun,Wang Shengwu,Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscope and Modulation of Phase.JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY(NATURALSCIENCE),2003,9(2):172-176.
[26]Jin Jie,Wang Yuqin.An overview of fiber-optic gyroscopes,Optical Fiber & Electric Cable,2003(6):4-7.
[27]Wang Tingting.Research on Fiber-optic F-P Demodulation Technology.Master Dissertation of Nanjing Normal University 2005.5.
[28]Shui Bing.Design of a Fiber-optical F-P Interferometer AE sensor.Master Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2006.2.
[29]殷纯永.现代干涉测量技术.天津大学出版社,1999:181-239.
[30]李延明.基于微分Sagnac干涉仪系统的信号处理系统的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007.6:8-12.
[31]陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW与数据采集.小型微型计算机系统.2001.11,22(4):501-503.
[32]刘君华,郭会军,赵向阳,贾蕙芹.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社.2003.
[33]程学庆,房晓溪,韩薪萃,张健.LabVIEW图形化编程与实例应用.第1版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.
[34]杨乐平,李海涛.虚拟仪器技术概论.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[35]汪敏生.LabVIEW基础教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[36]杨乐平,李海涛,杨磊.LabVIEW程序设计与应用.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[37]李贵山,陈金鹏.PCI局部总路线及其应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.32-38.
[38]刘璐洪.基于PCI总线的高速数据采集系统.现代电子.2001(4):27-29.
[39]王鑫,郭继燕.基于PCI总线的高速数据采集卡的设计.吉林:微计算机信息,2003.
[40]Advantech Inc.PC-LabCard/PCI-1714 User's Manual.2003.
[41]Paul R.Hoffman,Mark G.Kuzyk.Position Determination of Acoustic Burst Along a Sagnac Interferometer.JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY.2004,vol.22,no.2.:pp.497-498.
[42]Benjamin J.Vakoc,Michel J.K.Digonnent,Gordon S.Kino.A Novel Fiber-Optic Sensor Array Based on the Sagnac Interferometer.Lightwave technology.1999.11,vol.17,no.11:2316-2326.
[43]Qian JingJie,Zhang JianQiu,Jia Bo.Real-Time Signal Processing in Sagnac Interferometer Location Determination System.CHINESE JOURNAL OF SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.2006,vol.19,no.4:pp.1033-1037.
[44]刘涛,曾祥利,曾军.实用小波分析入门.北京:国防工业出版社,2006.4:116-120.
[45]杨建国.小波分析及其工程应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.6:26-62.
[46]张平.Matlab基础与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[47]朱衡军.MATLAB语言及实践教程.北京:清华出版社,2005.
[48]王立新,罗强,刘小光,田卡丽.基于Sagnac环的光纤围栏报警系统.系统与研究.2007(4):60-61.
[49]庄静莲,邵丙铣.一种具有延时功能的报警电路.微电子学.2000.30(20):434-436.
[50]张天照,贾波.管道安全检测定位系统.光电工程.2006.4.33(4):72-74.
[2]张志鹏.光纤传感器原理.北京:中国计量出版社,2003.
[3]Knudsen S,Blotekjaer K.An Ultrasonic Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Incorporating a Aush-Pull Transducer in a Sagnac Interferometer.Lightwave Technol,1994,12:1696-1700.
[4]Krakenkenes K,Blotekjaer K.Sagnac Interferometer for Under-water Sound Detection.Noise properties.OptLett,1989,14(20):1152-1154.
[5]Kurmer J P,et al.Distributed Fiber Optic Leak Detection.PaloAlto,CA:EPRI,1992.
[6]B.Culshaw,J.Darkin,et al.Optical fiber sensors:systems and applications.Artech House,MA,USA.1989,2:767-787.
[7]Alan D.Kersey.A review of recent developments in fiber optic sensor technology.Optical Fiber Technology.1996,vol.2,no.0036:pp.291-320.
[8]J.L.Brooks et al..Coherence multiplexing of fiber-optic interferometric sensors.Lightwave Technology.1985,vol.LT-3:pp.1062-1071.
[9]S.Knudsen and K.Blotekjaer.An ultrasonic fiber-optic hydrophone incorporating a push-pull ransducer in a Sagnac interferometer.J.Lightwave Technology.1994,vol.12,no.9:pp.1696-1700.
[10]刘波,杨亦飞,牛文成,等.光纤围栏技术特点及研究情况.光子技术.2004(4):208-213.
[11]M.Szustakowski,W.Ciurapinski,N.Palka,M.Zyczkowski.Recent development of fiber sensors for perimeter security.IEEE.2001:142-148.
[12]杭利军,何存富,吴斌.基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术.光学技术.2007.9.33(5):651-653.
[13]J.Darkin,B.Culshaw,et al.Optical fiber sensors:principles and components.Artech House,MA,USA.1988,1:1-8.
[14]P.M.Nellen,A.Frank,R.Bronnimann,et al.Optical fiber Bragg gratings for tunnel surveillance.SPIE,2000,3986:263-270.
[15]Chuan Li,Yi-Mo Zhang,Tie-Gen Liu,et al.Distributed Optical Fiber Bi-directional Strain Sensor for Gas Trunk Pipelines.Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2001,36:41-47.
[16]刘增基,周洋溢,胡辽林,等.光纤通信.西安电子科技大学出版社.2001:13-44.
[17]S.Otani,H.Hiraishi,M.Midorikawa,et al.Development of smart systems for building structures.SPIE,2006,3988:2-9.
[18]P.Bonaldi.Development in automated dam monitoring in Italy.International Journal on Hydropower & Dams.1997,4(2):60-63.
[19]戎华北.光纤传感器的现状和应用.厦门科技.2005(4):32-36.
[20]孟克.光纤干涉测量技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004.
[21]Xue Jian.Research for Fiber-optic Electric Current Sensors Of Phase Modulating Mode.Master Dissertation of North China Electric Power University,2003,12.
[22]赵勇.光纤伟感原理与应用技术.北京:清华出版社,2007.8:102-108.
[23]Lu Kun.Design of a Strain Measurement System Based on Michelson Fiber Optical Inteferer Sensor.Master Dissertation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2005.2.
[24]LIN Lin.Absolute Measurement of the Path Difference between Two Arms of Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.Optoelectronic Technology&Information,2006,19(3):23-27.
[25]Lu Bo,Yu BingKun,Wang Shengwu,Interferometric Fiber-Optic Gyroscope and Modulation of Phase.JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY(NATURALSCIENCE),2003,9(2):172-176.
[26]Jin Jie,Wang Yuqin.An overview of fiber-optic gyroscopes,Optical Fiber & Electric Cable,2003(6):4-7.
[27]Wang Tingting.Research on Fiber-optic F-P Demodulation Technology.Master Dissertation of Nanjing Normal University 2005.5.
[28]Shui Bing.Design of a Fiber-optical F-P Interferometer AE sensor.Master Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2006.2.
[29]殷纯永.现代干涉测量技术.天津大学出版社,1999:181-239.
[30]李延明.基于微分Sagnac干涉仪系统的信号处理系统的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007.6:8-12.
[31]陈敏,汤晓安.虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW与数据采集.小型微型计算机系统.2001.11,22(4):501-503.
[32]刘君华,郭会军,赵向阳,贾蕙芹.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社.2003.
[33]程学庆,房晓溪,韩薪萃,张健.LabVIEW图形化编程与实例应用.第1版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.
[34]杨乐平,李海涛.虚拟仪器技术概论.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[35]汪敏生.LabVIEW基础教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[36]杨乐平,李海涛,杨磊.LabVIEW程序设计与应用.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[37]李贵山,陈金鹏.PCI局部总路线及其应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003.32-38.
[38]刘璐洪.基于PCI总线的高速数据采集系统.现代电子.2001(4):27-29.
[39]王鑫,郭继燕.基于PCI总线的高速数据采集卡的设计.吉林:微计算机信息,2003.
[40]Advantech Inc.PC-LabCard/PCI-1714 User's Manual.2003.
[41]Paul R.Hoffman,Mark G.Kuzyk.Position Determination of Acoustic Burst Along a Sagnac Interferometer.JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY.2004,vol.22,no.2.:pp.497-498.
[42]Benjamin J.Vakoc,Michel J.K.Digonnent,Gordon S.Kino.A Novel Fiber-Optic Sensor Array Based on the Sagnac Interferometer.Lightwave technology.1999.11,vol.17,no.11:2316-2326.
[43]Qian JingJie,Zhang JianQiu,Jia Bo.Real-Time Signal Processing in Sagnac Interferometer Location Determination System.CHINESE JOURNAL OF SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.2006,vol.19,no.4:pp.1033-1037.
[44]刘涛,曾祥利,曾军.实用小波分析入门.北京:国防工业出版社,2006.4:116-120.
[45]杨建国.小波分析及其工程应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.6:26-62.
[46]张平.Matlab基础与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[47]朱衡军.MATLAB语言及实践教程.北京:清华出版社,2005.
[48]王立新,罗强,刘小光,田卡丽.基于Sagnac环的光纤围栏报警系统.系统与研究.2007(4):60-61.
[49]庄静莲,邵丙铣.一种具有延时功能的报警电路.微电子学.2000.30(20):434-436.
[50]张天照,贾波.管道安全检测定位系统.光电工程.2006.4.33(4):72-74.