高速无线通信系统中MAC-PHY跨层通信关键技术研究与实现
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摘要
随着热点地区的增多以及多媒体应用的推动,无线通信系统向着宽带高速的方向演进。新一代无线通信网络高吞吐率的需求对媒体接入控制层(Media Access Control, MAC)和物理层(Physical layer, PHY)提出了挑战,同时也让高速跨层通信成为重要的研究课题。
本文主要来源课题是国家科技重大专项——“超高速无线局域网无线接口关键技术研究与验证”。该项目对新一代无线局域网接口关键技术进行研究和硬件平台验证。本文主要研究高速、超高速无线通信系统中MAC-PHY跨层接口的设计、实现及其跨层联合应用。
首先介绍了高速无线通信试验系统的协议及实现平台架构。
然后基于此系统,本文提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)和PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)总线的新型MAC-PHY高速跨层接口协议,并进行了仿真和硬件平台实现。测试结果证实本文提出的架构可以支持高达2.50Gbps的峰值数据速率以及1.21Gbps的系统吞吐量,取得预期性能,能满足下一代无线通信系统的高速、实时传输需求。
最后基于本文提出的MAC-PHY接口(MAC-PHY Interface, MPI)协议,结合跨层设计思想,研究了自适应调制编码(Adaptive Modulation and Coding, AMC)技术并设计了硬件实现解决方案。此外,联合MPI,对现有的低密度校验码(Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, LDPC)高速译码器进行了优化,制定了MAC-PHY跨层联合优化设计方案。
With the dramatic increase of hot spots and pushing of multimedia applications, wireless communication systems are undergoing the evolution to a broadband and high-speed direction. High-throughput transmission requirements of the next-generation wireless systems put forward a challenge for both media access control (MAC) layer and physical layer (PHY) technologies, making MAC-PHY cross-layer communications a critical research subject.
The thesis is mainly based on the National Science and Technology Major Project "Research and verification of key technologies for the Very-High-Throughput Wireless LAN System". The project carries out research and hardware platform verification on key technologies of the next-generation WLAN wireless interface. The thesis focuses on the design, implementation and cross-layer joint applications of MAC-PHY interface in the high-speed wireless communication systems.
Firstly, a high-speed wireless communication system is presented. Then the protocol and hardware platform architecture are introduced.
Secondly, the thesis puts forward a novel MAC-PHY cross-layer interface (MPI) protocol, based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus. Simulation and hardware implementation are conducted, verifying that the proposed protocol can support a maximum data rate of2.50Gbps, and reach a throughput of1.21Gbps, achieving high performance as expected. Thus the proposed MPI can meet the high-speed and real-time transmission requirements of next generation wireless communication systems.
Finally, based on the above-mentioned MPI and cross-layer design schemes, the thesis researches adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), and designs a hardware realization scheme for AMC. Besides, in conjunction with MPI, the present decoder of low density parity check codes (LDPC) is optimized, with a MAC-PHY cross-layer joint design scheme devised.
本文主要来源课题是国家科技重大专项——“超高速无线局域网无线接口关键技术研究与验证”。该项目对新一代无线局域网接口关键技术进行研究和硬件平台验证。本文主要研究高速、超高速无线通信系统中MAC-PHY跨层接口的设计、实现及其跨层联合应用。
首先介绍了高速无线通信试验系统的协议及实现平台架构。
然后基于此系统,本文提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)和PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)总线的新型MAC-PHY高速跨层接口协议,并进行了仿真和硬件平台实现。测试结果证实本文提出的架构可以支持高达2.50Gbps的峰值数据速率以及1.21Gbps的系统吞吐量,取得预期性能,能满足下一代无线通信系统的高速、实时传输需求。
最后基于本文提出的MAC-PHY接口(MAC-PHY Interface, MPI)协议,结合跨层设计思想,研究了自适应调制编码(Adaptive Modulation and Coding, AMC)技术并设计了硬件实现解决方案。此外,联合MPI,对现有的低密度校验码(Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, LDPC)高速译码器进行了优化,制定了MAC-PHY跨层联合优化设计方案。
With the dramatic increase of hot spots and pushing of multimedia applications, wireless communication systems are undergoing the evolution to a broadband and high-speed direction. High-throughput transmission requirements of the next-generation wireless systems put forward a challenge for both media access control (MAC) layer and physical layer (PHY) technologies, making MAC-PHY cross-layer communications a critical research subject.
The thesis is mainly based on the National Science and Technology Major Project "Research and verification of key technologies for the Very-High-Throughput Wireless LAN System". The project carries out research and hardware platform verification on key technologies of the next-generation WLAN wireless interface. The thesis focuses on the design, implementation and cross-layer joint applications of MAC-PHY interface in the high-speed wireless communication systems.
Firstly, a high-speed wireless communication system is presented. Then the protocol and hardware platform architecture are introduced.
Secondly, the thesis puts forward a novel MAC-PHY cross-layer interface (MPI) protocol, based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) bus. Simulation and hardware implementation are conducted, verifying that the proposed protocol can support a maximum data rate of2.50Gbps, and reach a throughput of1.21Gbps, achieving high performance as expected. Thus the proposed MPI can meet the high-speed and real-time transmission requirements of next generation wireless communication systems.
Finally, based on the above-mentioned MPI and cross-layer design schemes, the thesis researches adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), and designs a hardware realization scheme for AMC. Besides, in conjunction with MPI, the present decoder of low density parity check codes (LDPC) is optimized, with a MAC-PHY cross-layer joint design scheme devised.
引文
[1]吴伟陵,牛凯,《移动通信原理》,电子工业出版社,2009年10月,pp.319-320,496-503.
[2]啜钢,《移动通信原理与系统》,北京邮电大学出版社,2005,pp.238-262.
[3]张平,王卫东,陶小峰等,《WCDMA移动通信系统》,人民邮电出版社,2001年.
[4]张平,"Beyond3G移动通信系统关键技术”,北京邮电大学学报,No.3,2002,pp.1-6.
[5]刘乃安,“无线局域网(WLAN)——原理、技术与应用”,西安电子科技大学出版社,2004年.
[6]IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee, IEEE Std.802.11-2007, "IEEE Standard Part 11:Wireless LAN MAC and PHY Specifications", USA, IEEE, Jun 2007.
[7]IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee, IEEE Std.802.11n-2009. "IEEE Standard Part 11:Wireless LAN MAC and PHY Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput", IEEE, Oct 2009.
[8]汪裕民,(OFDM关键技术与应用》,机械工业出版社,2007,pp.33-67,144-166.
[9]欧阳恩山,《移动宽带系统——包括WiMAX和LTE》》,电子工业出版社,2011年3月,pp.136-168.
[10]L.J.Cimini Jr., B. Daneshrad, N. R. Sollenberger, "Clustered OFDM with transmitter diversity and coding", In Proc.1996 IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf, London, U.K., Nov.1996, pp.703-707.
[11]D. J. C. MacKay and R.M. Neal, "Near Shannon limit performance of low-density parity check codes", IEEE Electronics. Letter, vol.32, no.18, Aug. 1996, pp.1645-1646.
[12]Gallager Robert G, "Low density parity check codes," IRE Trans. On Information Theory,1(8),1962, pp.21-28.
[13]Richardson T. J. and Urbanke R. L., "The capacity of low-density parity-check codes under message-passing decoding", IEEE Trans.Inf.Theory,47(2),2001, pp.599-618.
[14]张海霞,袁东风,马艳波,《无线通信跨层设计——从原理到应用》,人民邮电出版社,2010年7月,pp.2-11.
[15]张勃,“超高速无线通信系统设计及关键技术研究”,[硕士论文],北京,北京邮电大学,2012.
[16]Byung Soo Kim, Ho Young Hwang, and Dan Keun Sung, "Effect of Frame Aggregation on the Throughput Performance of IEEE 802.11n", in WCNC 2008 proceedings, March,2008, pp.1740-1744.
[17]黄智伟,王彦,陈琼等,《FPGA系统设计与实践》,电子工业出版社,2005年1月.
[18]何宾,《Xilinx FPGA设计权威指南》,清华大学出版社,2012年5月,pp.21-39.
[19]Alexandra Dana Oltean Karlsson, Brian Martin, "ATCA:its performance and application for real time systems", IEEE Trans.Nuclear Science, vol.53, no.3, June 2006, pp.688-693.
[20]Xilinx INC, "Virtex-6 Family Overview Preliminary", DS150(v2.3), March, 2011.
[21]Embedded Planet INC, "AdvancedMC EP8548A 1.4 user manual", DES0212.
[22]Xilinx INC, "Virtex-6 FPGA GTX Transceivers User Guide", UG366, July,2011, pp.19.
[23]Edward Solari, Brad Comgdon, "The Complete PCI Express Reference", INTEL PRESS,2003.
[24]Xilinx INC, "Virtex-6 FPGA Integrated Block for PCI Express user guide", UG517 (v5.1), Sep.,2010, pp.19-23.
[25]Xilinx INC, Xilinx.LogiCORE IP Virtex-6 FPGA Integrated block v1.4 for PCI Express User Guide,2009.
[26]Heejung Yu, Kyonghee Song, Kwhanghyun Ryu, et al, "Design and FPGA implementation of MIMO-OFDM based WLAN Systems", in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), vol.3, May 2006, pp.1333-1338.
[27]Stamenkovic Z., Miletic E., Obrknezev M., et al, "MAC protocol implementation in RF-MIMO WLAN", in Proc. ICECS 2009, pp.303-306.
[28]Qing Zhang, Guixia Kang, "MAC-PHY interface design and implementation based on PLB for Gbps transmission system", in Proc. IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) 2011, Jan.2011, pp. 674-678.
[29]约翰逊等(著),沈立等(译),《高速数字设计》,电子工业出版社,2011年3月,pp.268.
[30]朱隆晶,"MIMO-OFDM系统中的AMC技术研究”,[硕士论文],北京邮电大学,2008.
[31]Motorola, "Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)", TSG-RAN WG1-17.TSGR1.17(00) 1395,2000.1.
[32]葛跃田,“自适应调制编码技术及其在移动通信中的应用”,现代电子技术,2.2004,PP：34-36.
[33]Richardson T., Shokrollahi A., Urbanke R., "Design of capacity-approaching irregular low-density parity-check codes", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,47(2), Feb.2001, pp.619-637.
[34]贺鹤云,《LDPC码基础与应用》,人民邮电出版社,2009年7月,pp.99-170.
[35]王文君,朱晓暄,康桂霞,张平,“结构化LDPC码的高速编译码器FPGA实现”,数据采集与处理学报,2008年.
[36]邹海燕,“宽带移动通信LDPC技术研究与应用”,[硕士论文],北京邮电大学,2010.
[37]余晶晶,“无线链路自适应技术研究”,[硕士论文],北京交通大学,2007.
[38]王琛琛,薛新华,唐苏文等,"EESM中最佳β值的确定”,通信技术,12.2009.
[2]啜钢,《移动通信原理与系统》,北京邮电大学出版社,2005,pp.238-262.
[3]张平,王卫东,陶小峰等,《WCDMA移动通信系统》,人民邮电出版社,2001年.
[4]张平,"Beyond3G移动通信系统关键技术”,北京邮电大学学报,No.3,2002,pp.1-6.
[5]刘乃安,“无线局域网(WLAN)——原理、技术与应用”,西安电子科技大学出版社,2004年.
[6]IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee, IEEE Std.802.11-2007, "IEEE Standard Part 11:Wireless LAN MAC and PHY Specifications", USA, IEEE, Jun 2007.
[7]IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee, IEEE Std.802.11n-2009. "IEEE Standard Part 11:Wireless LAN MAC and PHY Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput", IEEE, Oct 2009.
[8]汪裕民,(OFDM关键技术与应用》,机械工业出版社,2007,pp.33-67,144-166.
[9]欧阳恩山,《移动宽带系统——包括WiMAX和LTE》》,电子工业出版社,2011年3月,pp.136-168.
[10]L.J.Cimini Jr., B. Daneshrad, N. R. Sollenberger, "Clustered OFDM with transmitter diversity and coding", In Proc.1996 IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf, London, U.K., Nov.1996, pp.703-707.
[11]D. J. C. MacKay and R.M. Neal, "Near Shannon limit performance of low-density parity check codes", IEEE Electronics. Letter, vol.32, no.18, Aug. 1996, pp.1645-1646.
[12]Gallager Robert G, "Low density parity check codes," IRE Trans. On Information Theory,1(8),1962, pp.21-28.
[13]Richardson T. J. and Urbanke R. L., "The capacity of low-density parity-check codes under message-passing decoding", IEEE Trans.Inf.Theory,47(2),2001, pp.599-618.
[14]张海霞,袁东风,马艳波,《无线通信跨层设计——从原理到应用》,人民邮电出版社,2010年7月,pp.2-11.
[15]张勃,“超高速无线通信系统设计及关键技术研究”,[硕士论文],北京,北京邮电大学,2012.
[16]Byung Soo Kim, Ho Young Hwang, and Dan Keun Sung, "Effect of Frame Aggregation on the Throughput Performance of IEEE 802.11n", in WCNC 2008 proceedings, March,2008, pp.1740-1744.
[17]黄智伟,王彦,陈琼等,《FPGA系统设计与实践》,电子工业出版社,2005年1月.
[18]何宾,《Xilinx FPGA设计权威指南》,清华大学出版社,2012年5月,pp.21-39.
[19]Alexandra Dana Oltean Karlsson, Brian Martin, "ATCA:its performance and application for real time systems", IEEE Trans.Nuclear Science, vol.53, no.3, June 2006, pp.688-693.
[20]Xilinx INC, "Virtex-6 Family Overview Preliminary", DS150(v2.3), March, 2011.
[21]Embedded Planet INC, "AdvancedMC EP8548A 1.4 user manual", DES0212.
[22]Xilinx INC, "Virtex-6 FPGA GTX Transceivers User Guide", UG366, July,2011, pp.19.
[23]Edward Solari, Brad Comgdon, "The Complete PCI Express Reference", INTEL PRESS,2003.
[24]Xilinx INC, "Virtex-6 FPGA Integrated Block for PCI Express user guide", UG517 (v5.1), Sep.,2010, pp.19-23.
[25]Xilinx INC, Xilinx.LogiCORE IP Virtex-6 FPGA Integrated block v1.4 for PCI Express User Guide,2009.
[26]Heejung Yu, Kyonghee Song, Kwhanghyun Ryu, et al, "Design and FPGA implementation of MIMO-OFDM based WLAN Systems", in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), vol.3, May 2006, pp.1333-1338.
[27]Stamenkovic Z., Miletic E., Obrknezev M., et al, "MAC protocol implementation in RF-MIMO WLAN", in Proc. ICECS 2009, pp.303-306.
[28]Qing Zhang, Guixia Kang, "MAC-PHY interface design and implementation based on PLB for Gbps transmission system", in Proc. IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) 2011, Jan.2011, pp. 674-678.
[29]约翰逊等(著),沈立等(译),《高速数字设计》,电子工业出版社,2011年3月,pp.268.
[30]朱隆晶,"MIMO-OFDM系统中的AMC技术研究”,[硕士论文],北京邮电大学,2008.
[31]Motorola, "Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)", TSG-RAN WG1-17.TSGR1.17(00) 1395,2000.1.
[32]葛跃田,“自适应调制编码技术及其在移动通信中的应用”,现代电子技术,2.2004,PP：34-36.
[33]Richardson T., Shokrollahi A., Urbanke R., "Design of capacity-approaching irregular low-density parity-check codes", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,47(2), Feb.2001, pp.619-637.
[34]贺鹤云,《LDPC码基础与应用》,人民邮电出版社,2009年7月,pp.99-170.
[35]王文君,朱晓暄,康桂霞,张平,“结构化LDPC码的高速编译码器FPGA实现”,数据采集与处理学报,2008年.
[36]邹海燕,“宽带移动通信LDPC技术研究与应用”,[硕士论文],北京邮电大学,2010.
[37]余晶晶,“无线链路自适应技术研究”,[硕士论文],北京交通大学,2007.
[38]王琛琛,薛新华,唐苏文等,"EESM中最佳β值的确定”,通信技术,12.2009.