基于AutoMod的物流配送中心的建模与仿真
摘要
物流配送中心是现代物流业的重要组成部分。以往优化配送中心的过程常在配送中心运作时进行，通过对已建成的配送中心各环节的分析，改进作业过程或改建配送中心的设备。这种做法不仅会浪费许多机械设备和资金，而且需耗用大量的人力和时间。为节省优化过程的成本和时间，保证规划和决策的科学性，作者提出“基于AutoMod的物流配送中心的建模与仿真”的研究。
本文在阐述物流和物流配送中心的国内外研究现状的基础上，根据配送中心的作业特点，应用Petri网对配送中心物流系统进行建模。作者探讨了Petri网和工作流等基础理论，在系统介绍物流配送中心基本组成和作业流程的基础上，将物流配送中心剖析为进货、储存、分拣、配货、计算机和搬运输送设备等子系统。通过对配送中心物流系统的整体分析，结合各个子系统的机械配置及作业特点，提出了基于Petri网的分层建模方法，建立了进货、储存、分拣、配货四个子系统以及配送中心整体的Petri网一般模型。本文总结了各个子系统的变迁事件表，并采用Petri网工作流的模型化简法和可达树法分析了系统的一般模型。
为了验证所建物流配送中心系统Petri网一般模型的可行性和实用性，作者以南京地区某配送中心为依托，根据分层建模方法，建立了该配送中心的Petri网应用模型。并借助物流仿真软件AutoMod，完成了此配送中心的分拣系统的计算机仿真。作者通过对分拣系统模型的3D仿真，找出了该系统作业过程的“瓶颈”所在，并提出了一些改进措施。改进后模型的仿真结果表明，这些措施能有效地消除系统的“瓶颈”，并为该配送中心的改进方案和决策提供参考依据。
Distribution center is an important part of logistics. Based on the function, the result of the analysis, the task flow and the equipment of distribution center that had been built, it was optimized in the past. This method doesn't only waste many equipments and funds, but also need to consume a great deal of manpower and time. In order to save cost and time of the process and assure science of programming and decision, the author puts forward the research topic of "Modeling and Simulation of the Distribution Center of Logistics Based on AutoMod".
In this paper it elaborates the domestic and international research actuality of the logistics and the distribution center. And the modeling of the distribution center is built using Petri-net that is based on the characteristic of it. The author discusses the foundation theories of the Petri-net and work-flow. Based on the constitute and the task flow, the distribution center is divided into some subsystems such as stocking, storage, picking, distribution, computer and handling system, etc. According to the result of the analysis, the characteristic and the equipments of it, the layering building model method is put forward .And the subsystem models of the stock, the storage ,the picking, the distribution, the computer and the transport were built. The author tallied up the change affair-forms of each subsystem, and analyzed the commonly model of the system using the workflow predigestion of Petri-net and the reachable tree.
In order to validate the feasibility and practicability of the commonly model,the author builds the practicality model of Nanjing distribution center of logistics using the layering building model method that is based on the layout of it. And the computer simulation of picking system of Nanjing distribution center is done by dint of AutoMod software. According to the result of three dimensions simulation, the "bottle-neck" phenomenon is discovered. Many measures that can eliminate this phenomenon is brought forward, and provides the improved plan and the decision support for the terminal.
本文在阐述物流和物流配送中心的国内外研究现状的基础上，根据配送中心的作业特点，应用Petri网对配送中心物流系统进行建模。作者探讨了Petri网和工作流等基础理论，在系统介绍物流配送中心基本组成和作业流程的基础上，将物流配送中心剖析为进货、储存、分拣、配货、计算机和搬运输送设备等子系统。通过对配送中心物流系统的整体分析，结合各个子系统的机械配置及作业特点，提出了基于Petri网的分层建模方法，建立了进货、储存、分拣、配货四个子系统以及配送中心整体的Petri网一般模型。本文总结了各个子系统的变迁事件表，并采用Petri网工作流的模型化简法和可达树法分析了系统的一般模型。
为了验证所建物流配送中心系统Petri网一般模型的可行性和实用性，作者以南京地区某配送中心为依托，根据分层建模方法，建立了该配送中心的Petri网应用模型。并借助物流仿真软件AutoMod，完成了此配送中心的分拣系统的计算机仿真。作者通过对分拣系统模型的3D仿真，找出了该系统作业过程的“瓶颈”所在，并提出了一些改进措施。改进后模型的仿真结果表明，这些措施能有效地消除系统的“瓶颈”，并为该配送中心的改进方案和决策提供参考依据。
Distribution center is an important part of logistics. Based on the function, the result of the analysis, the task flow and the equipment of distribution center that had been built, it was optimized in the past. This method doesn't only waste many equipments and funds, but also need to consume a great deal of manpower and time. In order to save cost and time of the process and assure science of programming and decision, the author puts forward the research topic of "Modeling and Simulation of the Distribution Center of Logistics Based on AutoMod".
In this paper it elaborates the domestic and international research actuality of the logistics and the distribution center. And the modeling of the distribution center is built using Petri-net that is based on the characteristic of it. The author discusses the foundation theories of the Petri-net and work-flow. Based on the constitute and the task flow, the distribution center is divided into some subsystems such as stocking, storage, picking, distribution, computer and handling system, etc. According to the result of the analysis, the characteristic and the equipments of it, the layering building model method is put forward .And the subsystem models of the stock, the storage ,the picking, the distribution, the computer and the transport were built. The author tallied up the change affair-forms of each subsystem, and analyzed the commonly model of the system using the workflow predigestion of Petri-net and the reachable tree.
In order to validate the feasibility and practicability of the commonly model,the author builds the practicality model of Nanjing distribution center of logistics using the layering building model method that is based on the layout of it. And the computer simulation of picking system of Nanjing distribution center is done by dint of AutoMod software. According to the result of three dimensions simulation, the "bottle-neck" phenomenon is discovered. Many measures that can eliminate this phenomenon is brought forward, and provides the improved plan and the decision support for the terminal.
引文
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[62] 张颖利 邵明习．企业生产物流系统的建模与仿真．物流技术．2005．1，12：62～65
[1] 邵明习 王春峰 张沂泉．基于AutoMod的物流分拣系统的建模与仿真．物流科技．2006．2，29(126)：50～53
[2] 张颖利 邵明习．企业生产物流系统的建模与仿真．物流技术．2005．1，12：62～65
[2] 吴清一．物流学[M]．北京：中国建材出版社．1996
[3] 崔介何．企业物流[M]．北京：中国物流出版社．2002
[4] 张广军 荣朝和．物流分析系统GIS仿真[J]．中国流通经济．1999：19～22
[5] 秦明森．实用物流技术[M]．北京：中国物资出版社．2001
[6] 李长江．物流中心设计与运作．中国物质出版社[M]．2004．5
[7] Kosturiak Jan.Gregor Milan. Simulation in Production system life cycle.Computer in Industry.1999.38: 159-172
[8] Ganapathy, Subhashini etc. Simulation based decision support for supply chain logistics. Winter Simul ConfProc. Dec 7-10 2003. 1: 1013-1020
[9] Boerkamps, J.H.K etc. Modeling behavioral aspects of urban freight movement in supply chains. Transp ResRec. 2000. 1725: 17-25
[10] Carr, Michael etc. Million dollar logistic decisions using simulation. Winter Simul Conf Proc. 1997.
[11] 高帏．基于WITNESS的集装箱码头物流系统建模与仿真．武汉理工大学硕士论文．2003．1
[12] Yurimoto, Shigeru etc. A model for the optimal number and locations of public distribution centers and its application to the Tokyo.International Journal of Industrial Engineering December 2002.4:363-371
[13] Lee, Tae-Woo ; Park, Nam-Kyu ; Lee, Dong-Won. A simulation study for the logistics planning of a container terminal in view of SCM. Maritime Policy & Management 30, no. 3 (2003): 243-254 (12页)
[14] Aoyama.Yuko etc. Modeling the Impact of Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce on the Organization of the Logistics Industry. Geographical Analysis 37, no. 1 (2005): 46-68
[15] Jansen Derrien R.etc. Simulation model of multi-compartment distribution in the catering supply chain. Europe Journal of Operational Research.2001.133:210-224
[16] Lendermann, Peter etc .Distributed supply chain simulation as a decision support tool for the semiconductor industry. SAGE Publications Ltd. March, 2003. 79:126-138
[17] Teo, Chung Piaw etc. Impact on inventory costs with consolidation of distribution centers, IIE Trans. 2001. 3: 99-110
[18] Petersen, Charles G. Improving order-picking performance through the implementation of class-based storage. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 34, no. 7 (2004): 534-544
[19] Chin Chia Jane. Storage location assignment in a distribution center. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 30, no. 1 (2000): 55
[20] 张丹羽 王莹 肖际伟．基于面向对象技术的物流系统的调度与仿真[J]．制造业自动化．1999
[21] 戴晓明．张洪渊．程海光．邵惠鹤．离散事件动态系统仿真工具DEDS Sim及其应用研究[J]．计算机仿真．2001，18(4)：38～40
[22] 罗批等．基于Agent的复杂系统建模仿真方法研究进展[J]．装备指挥技术学院学报．2003，14(1)：78～81
[23] 周忠志 蒋琼珠．基于GPSS—F仿真语言的港口物流仿真自动建模系统[J]．交通与计算机．1994：11～15
[24] 田国会．自动化仓库输送调度问题的建模与控制研究[J]．控制与决策．2001．4
[25] 周宏．分销仓储配送中心定货决策模拟系统研究[J]．运筹与管理．2002．8．11(4)：61～64
[26] 李诗珍．配送中心拣货系统订单处理仿真研究[J]．计算机应用．2003．2，23(2)：94～96
[27] 陈火根 丁红钢 程耀东．物流配送中心车辆调度模型与遗传算法设计．浙江大学学报(工学版)．2003．5，37(5)：513～516
[28] 陈昌祥 石伟 张晓萍．两级库存系统的仿真分析与参数优化[J]．物流技术．2004．6：20～22
[29] 胡列格 胡建国．配送中心储位分配决策方法的动态研究．长沙交通学院学报．2004．6，20(2)：69～72
[30] 石欣 程代杰．区域配送中心物流调度模型．重庆大学学报(自然科学版)．2004．1
[31] 李诗珍 杜文宏．配送中心的单品拣取模型及应用[J]．物流技术．2005．9
[32] 王岩峰．仿真技术在供应链物流管理中的应用．中国物流论坛．2005
[33] Peki C A. Kommunkan mit automation. Boon: lnstitut fur Lnstrum Entelle Marhematik, Schriften des IIM Nr. 3,1962 .Also.English translation., Communication with Automata. NewYork:Griffiss Air Force Base. Tech. Rep. RADC-TR-65-377, 1966, 1(1)
[34] 袁崇义．Petri网原理及应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2005．3
[35] 郭齐胜．系统建模与方法[M]．北京：国防科技大学出版社．2003．1
[36] 董红斌．Petri网概念、分析方法和应用[M]．计算机工程学报．2004．5
[37] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology and glossary. Technical Report, WfMC-TC-1011, Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition,1996
[38] 罗海滨．范玉顺等．工作流技术综述[J]．软件学报．2000，11(7)：899-907．
[39] 李建强范玉顺．一种工作流模型的性能分析方法[J]．计算机学报．2003，26(5)：513-516
[40] 封富君等．基于Petri网和抽象方法的工作流模型分解[J]．系统仿真学报，2005．10(17)：118-121
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