环境因子对栉江珧能量收支的影响
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摘要
近年由于大量的捕捞,栉江珧野生资源锐减,引起人们的密切关注。为了给人工繁殖和养殖提供基础资料,本论文在实验室条件下,分别研究了盐度、温度和饵料浓度对栉江珧摄食、呼吸、排泄及同化等生理活动的影响,并由此估算了在不同环境条件下栉江珧的生长余力,结果如下:
1.盐度范围为21-41时,栉江珧单位体重滤水率随盐度的增加先升高后下降,盐度31时滤水率最大(0.83 L/g/h),41时最小(0.43 L/g/h),而耗氧率和排氨率则随盐度的增加先下降后升高,盐度31时耗氧率和排氨率最小(575.82μ/g/h,152.14μg/g/h),41时最大(734.40μg/g/h,225.29μ/g/h)。同化率介于36.00-51.33%之间,盐度36时同化率最大,盐度41时同化率最小。盐度41时,栉江珧生长余力为-3.93(J/h/g),表现为负增长,盐度31时生长余力最大12.98(J/h/g)。方差分析表明,盐度26、31、36之间的生长余力无显著差异(P＜0.05),表明栉江珧最适生长盐度范围为26-36。
2.温度为18-34℃时,栉江珧单位体重滤水率介于0.28-0.82 L/g/h之间,18℃时滤水率最小,26℃时最大。当温度为18-26℃时滤水率随温度升高呈直线上升,26-30℃时则趋于平稳,之后急剧下降。在温度18-26℃范围内,耗氧率随温度升高增加迅速,26-34℃时增加缓慢,18℃时最小(260.82μg/h/g),34℃时最大(585.90μg/h/g)。温度18-34℃范围内,排氨率介于108.92-174.58μg/h/g,随温度的变化缓慢,但在22-26℃区间,随温度上升增加迅速。同化率和生长余力随温度先升后降,变化幅度小,温度22℃时,同化率最大(52.67%),34℃最小(42.33%),26℃时,生长余力最大(14.86 J/h/g),34℃时最小,且小于0(-1.94 J/h/g),表现为负增长。温度22、26和30℃两两之间生长余力无显著差异(P＜0.05),表明栉江珧最适生长温度为22-30℃。
3.在饵料浓度0.85-11.84 mg POM/L范围内,栉江珧滤水率呈下降趋势,摄食率则则呈上升趋势。排氨率和单位体重耗氧率随饵料浓度增加逐渐增大,在较低浓度区间(0.85-3.07 mg POM/L)和较高浓度区间(6.42-11.84 mg POM/L)单位体重耗氧率变化比较平缓,而在饵料浓度为(3.07-6.42 mg POM/L)时上升迅速。而同化率随饵料浓度的增加逐渐下降,低浓度(0.85-1.57 mg POM/L)时下降缓慢,超过1.57 mgPOM/L后下降迅速。生长余力随饵料浓度的增加先升高后下降,饵料浓度为0.85 mgPOM/L时生长余力最小(1.40 J/g/h),3.07 mg POM/L时最大(10.91 J/g/h),而在3.07-6.42 mg POM/L之间几乎没有变化,表明栉江珧最适投饵量介于3.07-6.42 mgPOM/L。
The fact that the wild Atrina pectinata had decreased sharply because of over-catching at recent years has caused a mass of attentions. In order to provide basic information for artificial reproduction and culture, the influences of salinity, temperature and the food concentration on filtration, respiration, excretion and assimilation efficiency of the animals were studied and the scope for growth (SFG) were estimated. The results were as follows:
1. Within the salinity range (21-41), the filtration rate increased with the increase of salinity and reached the highest value (0.83L/g/h) at salinity 31, then decreased with the increase of salinity, and reached the minimum value (0.43 L/g/h) at 41. Both the respiration and excretion rates increased first, then decreased with the increase of salinity, and got the minimum value at 31 and the highest value at 41. The assimilation efficiencies were between 36-51.33%, and acquired the maximum value at 36, the minimum value at 41. The scope for the growth (SFG) acquired the maximum value at salinity 31, but was negative at salinity 41. The SFGs between each pair of groups had no significant difference within salinity 26-36 range, indicating that the range is best suitable for the animal.
2. At lower temperature phase (18-26℃), the filtration rate increased with the increase of temperature linearly, then increased tardily, but decreased rapidly when over 30℃. Within the temperature range (18-34℃), the filtration rates were between 0.28 and 0.82 L/g/h, and reached the minimum value at 18℃and the maximum value at 26℃. The respiration rate increased swiftly at the range 18-26℃, but tardily at the range 26-34℃, and reached the minimum value (260.82μg/h/g) at 18℃and the maximum value (585.90μg/h/g) at 34℃. The excretion rate were between 108.92 and 174.58μg/h/g, increased slowly with the increase of temperature at the beginning, but increased rapidly when temperature increasing from 22 to 26℃. The assimilation efficiency increased first, and then decreased with the increase of temperature, reaching the minimum value (42.33%) at 34℃and the maximum value (52.67%) at 22℃. The SFG increased with temperature increasing, reached the maximum value at 26℃, then decreased and became negative (-1.94 J/h/g) at 34℃. There were no significant differences for SFG among the temperatures 22, 26 and 30℃, indicating that the temperature range 22-30℃is best suitable for the animal.
3. Within the food concentration range (0.85-11.84 mg POM/L), the filtration rate decreased with the increase of food concentration but the ingestion rate increased. The respiration rate had the trend of increase with the food concentration increasing, and increased slowly at the lower food concentration range (0.85-3.07 mg POM/L) and higher food concentration (6.42-11.84 mg POM/L), but rapidly at the range of 3.07-6.42 mg POM/L. The excretion rate increased gradually with the increase of food concentration. The assimilation efficiency decreased slowly with the food concentration increasing from 0.85 to 1.57 mg POM/L, but decreased rapidly over 1.57 mg POM/L. The SFG increased first and decreased with the increase of food concentration, reaching the maximum value of 10.91 J/g/h at 3.07 mg POM/L and the minimum of 1.40 J/g/h at 0.85 mg POM/L, with little variation while food concentration increasing from 3.07 to 6.42 mg POM/L, indicating that the food concentration range of 3.07 - 6.42 mg POM/L is best suitable for the animal.
1.盐度范围为21-41时,栉江珧单位体重滤水率随盐度的增加先升高后下降,盐度31时滤水率最大(0.83 L/g/h),41时最小(0.43 L/g/h),而耗氧率和排氨率则随盐度的增加先下降后升高,盐度31时耗氧率和排氨率最小(575.82μ/g/h,152.14μg/g/h),41时最大(734.40μg/g/h,225.29μ/g/h)。同化率介于36.00-51.33%之间,盐度36时同化率最大,盐度41时同化率最小。盐度41时,栉江珧生长余力为-3.93(J/h/g),表现为负增长,盐度31时生长余力最大12.98(J/h/g)。方差分析表明,盐度26、31、36之间的生长余力无显著差异(P＜0.05),表明栉江珧最适生长盐度范围为26-36。
2.温度为18-34℃时,栉江珧单位体重滤水率介于0.28-0.82 L/g/h之间,18℃时滤水率最小,26℃时最大。当温度为18-26℃时滤水率随温度升高呈直线上升,26-30℃时则趋于平稳,之后急剧下降。在温度18-26℃范围内,耗氧率随温度升高增加迅速,26-34℃时增加缓慢,18℃时最小(260.82μg/h/g),34℃时最大(585.90μg/h/g)。温度18-34℃范围内,排氨率介于108.92-174.58μg/h/g,随温度的变化缓慢,但在22-26℃区间,随温度上升增加迅速。同化率和生长余力随温度先升后降,变化幅度小,温度22℃时,同化率最大(52.67%),34℃最小(42.33%),26℃时,生长余力最大(14.86 J/h/g),34℃时最小,且小于0(-1.94 J/h/g),表现为负增长。温度22、26和30℃两两之间生长余力无显著差异(P＜0.05),表明栉江珧最适生长温度为22-30℃。
3.在饵料浓度0.85-11.84 mg POM/L范围内,栉江珧滤水率呈下降趋势,摄食率则则呈上升趋势。排氨率和单位体重耗氧率随饵料浓度增加逐渐增大,在较低浓度区间(0.85-3.07 mg POM/L)和较高浓度区间(6.42-11.84 mg POM/L)单位体重耗氧率变化比较平缓,而在饵料浓度为(3.07-6.42 mg POM/L)时上升迅速。而同化率随饵料浓度的增加逐渐下降,低浓度(0.85-1.57 mg POM/L)时下降缓慢,超过1.57 mgPOM/L后下降迅速。生长余力随饵料浓度的增加先升高后下降,饵料浓度为0.85 mgPOM/L时生长余力最小(1.40 J/g/h),3.07 mg POM/L时最大(10.91 J/g/h),而在3.07-6.42 mg POM/L之间几乎没有变化,表明栉江珧最适投饵量介于3.07-6.42 mgPOM/L。
The fact that the wild Atrina pectinata had decreased sharply because of over-catching at recent years has caused a mass of attentions. In order to provide basic information for artificial reproduction and culture, the influences of salinity, temperature and the food concentration on filtration, respiration, excretion and assimilation efficiency of the animals were studied and the scope for growth (SFG) were estimated. The results were as follows:
1. Within the salinity range (21-41), the filtration rate increased with the increase of salinity and reached the highest value (0.83L/g/h) at salinity 31, then decreased with the increase of salinity, and reached the minimum value (0.43 L/g/h) at 41. Both the respiration and excretion rates increased first, then decreased with the increase of salinity, and got the minimum value at 31 and the highest value at 41. The assimilation efficiencies were between 36-51.33%, and acquired the maximum value at 36, the minimum value at 41. The scope for the growth (SFG) acquired the maximum value at salinity 31, but was negative at salinity 41. The SFGs between each pair of groups had no significant difference within salinity 26-36 range, indicating that the range is best suitable for the animal.
2. At lower temperature phase (18-26℃), the filtration rate increased with the increase of temperature linearly, then increased tardily, but decreased rapidly when over 30℃. Within the temperature range (18-34℃), the filtration rates were between 0.28 and 0.82 L/g/h, and reached the minimum value at 18℃and the maximum value at 26℃. The respiration rate increased swiftly at the range 18-26℃, but tardily at the range 26-34℃, and reached the minimum value (260.82μg/h/g) at 18℃and the maximum value (585.90μg/h/g) at 34℃. The excretion rate were between 108.92 and 174.58μg/h/g, increased slowly with the increase of temperature at the beginning, but increased rapidly when temperature increasing from 22 to 26℃. The assimilation efficiency increased first, and then decreased with the increase of temperature, reaching the minimum value (42.33%) at 34℃and the maximum value (52.67%) at 22℃. The SFG increased with temperature increasing, reached the maximum value at 26℃, then decreased and became negative (-1.94 J/h/g) at 34℃. There were no significant differences for SFG among the temperatures 22, 26 and 30℃, indicating that the temperature range 22-30℃is best suitable for the animal.
3. Within the food concentration range (0.85-11.84 mg POM/L), the filtration rate decreased with the increase of food concentration but the ingestion rate increased. The respiration rate had the trend of increase with the food concentration increasing, and increased slowly at the lower food concentration range (0.85-3.07 mg POM/L) and higher food concentration (6.42-11.84 mg POM/L), but rapidly at the range of 3.07-6.42 mg POM/L. The excretion rate increased gradually with the increase of food concentration. The assimilation efficiency decreased slowly with the food concentration increasing from 0.85 to 1.57 mg POM/L, but decreased rapidly over 1.57 mg POM/L. The SFG increased first and decreased with the increase of food concentration, reaching the maximum value of 10.91 J/g/h at 3.07 mg POM/L and the minimum of 1.40 J/g/h at 0.85 mg POM/L, with little variation while food concentration increasing from 3.07 to 6.42 mg POM/L, indicating that the food concentration range of 3.07 - 6.42 mg POM/L is best suitable for the animal.
引文
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