客车单元式空调机组闭环测控系统的研究与实现
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摘要
随着铁路空调客车的普及,客车单元式空调机组的维修工作日益受到有关部门的重视。为了保证空调机组的检修水平,铁道部在《客车空调三机检修及运用管理规程》中对检修提出了一系列要求,其中特别指出空调机组大修时应进行性能试验。本论文所研究和设计的客车单元式空调机组闭环测控系统就是为客车单元式空调机组做制冷量测试试验的专用设备。
我国铁路空调客车普遍采用车顶单元式空调机组,本论文以TB/T2423—93《铁道客车车顶单元式空调机组试验方法》以及其它相关标准为设计依据,完成了空调机组闭环测控系统的结构设计、计算机测试系统硬件设计以及测试软件的开发等工作。论文先对计算机控制模型进行了研究,对传统计算机控制方法和新型过程控制系统进行了分析比较,然后对模糊控制系统的原理和模糊控制器的一般设计方法进行了学习,最后进行了空调机组测控系统控制模型和其他部分的设计。论文从测控系统设计的一般模式出发,对试验台的计算机测试系统进行了总体设计,对硬件进行选型,并从硬件方面采取了多项措施来增强系统的抗干扰能力。采用Visual Basic结合C++语言进行测试软件开发,采用并行工作方式使工况调节与数据采集、显示及输出均可并行进行,并能保存历史数据,操作界面友好,提高了测试的自动化水平,节省了人力,减轻了劳动强度,提高了劳动生产率。
With the air conditioning of the railway passenger car universal application, the repair work of the air conditioning unit in the passenger car has already received increasing attentions. To ensure the repairing quality, the railway department has put forward a series of requests and pointed that the air-condition unit must undertake performance experiments, when the vehicles are under overhaul. The study and design of the measurement and control system of the air conditioning unit are provided in this paper. It is a special device, which is used to carry out performance experiments and serve the unit air-conditions of the passenger car.
Air conditioning units are widely used in the railway passenger car in China. Based on the design gist, such as the method of unit air-condition experimentation in railway trains(TB/T2423—93), and other correlative standards, the structure design, hardware design of computer testing system and software exploitation of the measurement and control system are given in this paper. Firstly, the models controlled by computers are studied in detail, and the traditional computer-controlled methods that are compared with the new process control system are analyzed. Then, the principle of fuzzy control system and the general design method of the fuzzy controller are studied. Finally, the model of the measurement and control system and some other parts are designed. Secondly, starting in the general design model of measuring and controlling system, this paper has put forward the collectivity design of the computer measuring system of the test-bed and done something to strengthen the anti-jamming ability of the system. Thirdly, this paper has used Visual Basic 6.0 and C++ program language to exploit the software .Parallel work methods are used in this paper. The status of regulation and data collection, display and output can be carried out paralleled, which increase the level of automation test and save the human labor. The labor intensities are reduced and labor productivities are increased labor productivity by the parallel work methods.
我国铁路空调客车普遍采用车顶单元式空调机组,本论文以TB/T2423—93《铁道客车车顶单元式空调机组试验方法》以及其它相关标准为设计依据,完成了空调机组闭环测控系统的结构设计、计算机测试系统硬件设计以及测试软件的开发等工作。论文先对计算机控制模型进行了研究,对传统计算机控制方法和新型过程控制系统进行了分析比较,然后对模糊控制系统的原理和模糊控制器的一般设计方法进行了学习,最后进行了空调机组测控系统控制模型和其他部分的设计。论文从测控系统设计的一般模式出发,对试验台的计算机测试系统进行了总体设计,对硬件进行选型,并从硬件方面采取了多项措施来增强系统的抗干扰能力。采用Visual Basic结合C++语言进行测试软件开发,采用并行工作方式使工况调节与数据采集、显示及输出均可并行进行,并能保存历史数据,操作界面友好,提高了测试的自动化水平,节省了人力,减轻了劳动强度,提高了劳动生产率。
With the air conditioning of the railway passenger car universal application, the repair work of the air conditioning unit in the passenger car has already received increasing attentions. To ensure the repairing quality, the railway department has put forward a series of requests and pointed that the air-condition unit must undertake performance experiments, when the vehicles are under overhaul. The study and design of the measurement and control system of the air conditioning unit are provided in this paper. It is a special device, which is used to carry out performance experiments and serve the unit air-conditions of the passenger car.
Air conditioning units are widely used in the railway passenger car in China. Based on the design gist, such as the method of unit air-condition experimentation in railway trains(TB/T2423—93), and other correlative standards, the structure design, hardware design of computer testing system and software exploitation of the measurement and control system are given in this paper. Firstly, the models controlled by computers are studied in detail, and the traditional computer-controlled methods that are compared with the new process control system are analyzed. Then, the principle of fuzzy control system and the general design method of the fuzzy controller are studied. Finally, the model of the measurement and control system and some other parts are designed. Secondly, starting in the general design model of measuring and controlling system, this paper has put forward the collectivity design of the computer measuring system of the test-bed and done something to strengthen the anti-jamming ability of the system. Thirdly, this paper has used Visual Basic 6.0 and C++ program language to exploit the software .Parallel work methods are used in this paper. The status of regulation and data collection, display and output can be carried out paralleled, which increase the level of automation test and save the human labor. The labor intensities are reduced and labor productivities are increased labor productivity by the parallel work methods.
引文
[1]铁道车辆局.空调客车三机检修及运用管理规程.1994
[2]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁道客车车顶单元式空调机组试验方法.TB/T2432-93
[3]丁伟,陈克芬,谈越明等.客车车顶单元式空调机组性能试验台.铁道车辆,2000.3,38(3):38-41
[4]陈焕新,牛永明.列车空调机组性能实验台布置方案比较与分析.空调与制冷.2002,2:27-29
[5]张志龙.列车单元式空调机组闭环测控系统的研究与开发.北京交通大学硕士学位论文.1998:32-44
[6]郑方,徐明星.信号处理原理.清华大学出版社,2003
[7]诸静.模糊控制理论与系统原理.机械工业出版社.2005
[8]居滋培.过程控制系统及其应用.机械工业出版社.2005
[9]WANG L X.Design and stability analysis of fuzzy identifiers of nonlinear dynamic systems.Tucson.1992,1414-1427P
[10]刘宝坤.计算机过程控制系统.机械工业出版社.2001
[11]王建民,朱倩影.空调温控的混合型Fuzzy-PI控制器.山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(5):456-460
[12]王顺晃,舒迪前.智能控制系统及其应用.机械工业出版社.2005
[13]阙沛文.微型计算机在检测技术及仪器中的应用.上海交通大学出版社.2000;
[14]曾光奇.模糊控制理论与工程应用.华中科技大学出版社.2006
[15]Huaguang Zhang,Derong Liu Fuzzy Modeling and Fuzzy Control.Birkh(a|¨)user Boston.2006
[16]刘海波.铁路集中供电客车空调装置.中国铁道出版社.2004
[17]胡益雄,陈焕新.列车空调机组检修及整机性能检测的探讨.铁道车辆.1997,6
[18]宋明刚,李跃忠等.智能PID方法在高精度控温中的应用研究.测控技 术.1997,1
[19]铁道部.铁道客车空调机组(TB/T1804-2003).中国铁道出版社.2004
[20]罗世伟.小型制冷、空调设备原理与维修.电子工业出版社.2003
[21]蔡自兴.模糊控制的典型结构.工业控制计算机.1997,3
[22]胡益雄,聂扬.列车单元式空调机组制冷量显著性试验分析.建筑热能通风空调.2004,23(4):50-53
[23]陈焕新,胡益雄,向献红,李宁一.铁路客车单元式空调机组性能检测装置的研制.中国铁道科学.2001,22(3):107-111
[24]Min WANG,XiuyingWANG,Bing CHEN,Shaocheng TONG.Robust adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems based on back stepping technique.Journal of Control Theory and Applications.2007,5(3):317-322 P
[25]叶华.轻轨空调器性能实验台的研究与设计.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2005:1-8
[26]李顺.铁路客车空气调节系统的智能控制.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2001:13-25
[27]KIM Yoon-Ho.An electrical modeling and fuzzy logic control of a fuel cell generation system IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.1999,239-244 P
[28]包劲松.铁路客车空调实时控制系统研究[J].铁道车辆,2003,(3)
[29]WEI Dong,XU Hong,ZHU Xin-jian.Identification and novel adaptive fuzzy control of nonlinear system for PEMFC stack.哈尔滨工业大学学报(英文版).2006年02期,186-192P
[30]张玉珍.铁路客车空调机组的PLC控制[J].电气开关,2002,(2)
[31]王书傲,马兆玉,欧阳仲志等.客车车顶单元式空调机组型式及检修、试验(待续).铁道车辆,1999.2,37(2):29-35
[32]佟绍成等.模糊控制系统的设计及稳定性分析.北京:科学出版社,2004
[33]林钢.空调器原理与维修.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.3
[34]韩宝琦,李树林.制冷空调原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.8
[35]The Basic Programming Guide[Z],CLI PS6.1 Reference Manual I.STB of NASA,1999
[36]Price,B.A,Smith,T.F.Calibration and uncertainty analysis of temperature sensors.Sensor for Industry,2001,Proceedings of the First ISA/IEEE Conference 5-?,2001.11:286-289
[37]宋伟,吴建国等.中文Visual Basic 6.0高级编程.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.4
[38]Z.M.Yeh.Adaptive multivariable fuzzy logic control.FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEM.1997,86(1);
[39]L.X.Wang.Combining mathematical model and heuristic into controller:An adaptive fuzzy control approach.1997,89(2):
[40]铁道部.TB/T信号微机监测系统技术条件.中国铁道出版社.2001
[41]Kevin M.Passino,Stephen Yurkovich.模糊控制(英文影印版).清华大学出版社.2001
[42]Kazuo Tanaka,Hua O.Wang.Fuzzy Control Systems Design and Analysis.Wiley-lnterscience.2002
[43]王立新.自适应模糊系统与控制-设计与稳定性分析.国防工业出版社.2002
[44]LI Shiyong.The Control Theory of Fuzzy,Neural-networks and Intelligence.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1996,425-435 P
[45]WANG De yi.Application of fuzzy clustering method in designing fuzzy neural exciting controller of generator.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.2003,No.3
[46]刘保明.变频空调在铁路客车上应用的可行性探讨.铁道车辆,2001,(6)
[47]Layne R J,Passino K M,Yurkovich S.Fuzzy Learning Control for Antiskid Braking Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,1993,1(2):122-129.
[48]M.Masuda.Development of A Multi-system Air Conditioner for Residential use[J]ASHRAE,Vol 97 Part 1
[49]Chiou S.J.Automated Conceptual Design of Mechanism.Mechanism and Machine Design,1999(34):417-495
[50]Ghaman,R.,Gettman,D.,Head,L.,Mirchandani,P.B.Adaptive control software for distributed systems,Industrial Electronics Society,IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference:3103-3106
[51]李敏毅,刘定强,梁显有.空调器空气焓差法测量制冷量方式及误差分析.实用测试技术,2002.5(3):24-27
[52]Thomas,R.S.,Phan,K.D.Traction electrification and NEC compliance:the Portland light rail experience.Railroad conference,1999.Proceedings of the 1999 ASME/IEEE Joint:28-32
[53]周兴禧,周滋锋,王斌.变频空调系统特性的仿真研究.流体机械[J].2002(2)
[54]Qian L.,Gero J.S.Function-behavior-structure paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design.AIEDAM,1996.10
[2]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁道客车车顶单元式空调机组试验方法.TB/T2432-93
[3]丁伟,陈克芬,谈越明等.客车车顶单元式空调机组性能试验台.铁道车辆,2000.3,38(3):38-41
[4]陈焕新,牛永明.列车空调机组性能实验台布置方案比较与分析.空调与制冷.2002,2:27-29
[5]张志龙.列车单元式空调机组闭环测控系统的研究与开发.北京交通大学硕士学位论文.1998:32-44
[6]郑方,徐明星.信号处理原理.清华大学出版社,2003
[7]诸静.模糊控制理论与系统原理.机械工业出版社.2005
[8]居滋培.过程控制系统及其应用.机械工业出版社.2005
[9]WANG L X.Design and stability analysis of fuzzy identifiers of nonlinear dynamic systems.Tucson.1992,1414-1427P
[10]刘宝坤.计算机过程控制系统.机械工业出版社.2001
[11]王建民,朱倩影.空调温控的混合型Fuzzy-PI控制器.山东大学学报(工学版),2002,32(5):456-460
[12]王顺晃,舒迪前.智能控制系统及其应用.机械工业出版社.2005
[13]阙沛文.微型计算机在检测技术及仪器中的应用.上海交通大学出版社.2000;
[14]曾光奇.模糊控制理论与工程应用.华中科技大学出版社.2006
[15]Huaguang Zhang,Derong Liu Fuzzy Modeling and Fuzzy Control.Birkh(a|¨)user Boston.2006
[16]刘海波.铁路集中供电客车空调装置.中国铁道出版社.2004
[17]胡益雄,陈焕新.列车空调机组检修及整机性能检测的探讨.铁道车辆.1997,6
[18]宋明刚,李跃忠等.智能PID方法在高精度控温中的应用研究.测控技 术.1997,1
[19]铁道部.铁道客车空调机组(TB/T1804-2003).中国铁道出版社.2004
[20]罗世伟.小型制冷、空调设备原理与维修.电子工业出版社.2003
[21]蔡自兴.模糊控制的典型结构.工业控制计算机.1997,3
[22]胡益雄,聂扬.列车单元式空调机组制冷量显著性试验分析.建筑热能通风空调.2004,23(4):50-53
[23]陈焕新,胡益雄,向献红,李宁一.铁路客车单元式空调机组性能检测装置的研制.中国铁道科学.2001,22(3):107-111
[24]Min WANG,XiuyingWANG,Bing CHEN,Shaocheng TONG.Robust adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems based on back stepping technique.Journal of Control Theory and Applications.2007,5(3):317-322 P
[25]叶华.轻轨空调器性能实验台的研究与设计.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2005:1-8
[26]李顺.铁路客车空气调节系统的智能控制.西南交通大学硕士学位论文.2001:13-25
[27]KIM Yoon-Ho.An electrical modeling and fuzzy logic control of a fuel cell generation system IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.1999,239-244 P
[28]包劲松.铁路客车空调实时控制系统研究[J].铁道车辆,2003,(3)
[29]WEI Dong,XU Hong,ZHU Xin-jian.Identification and novel adaptive fuzzy control of nonlinear system for PEMFC stack.哈尔滨工业大学学报(英文版).2006年02期,186-192P
[30]张玉珍.铁路客车空调机组的PLC控制[J].电气开关,2002,(2)
[31]王书傲,马兆玉,欧阳仲志等.客车车顶单元式空调机组型式及检修、试验(待续).铁道车辆,1999.2,37(2):29-35
[32]佟绍成等.模糊控制系统的设计及稳定性分析.北京:科学出版社,2004
[33]林钢.空调器原理与维修.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.3
[34]韩宝琦,李树林.制冷空调原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.8
[35]The Basic Programming Guide[Z],CLI PS6.1 Reference Manual I.STB of NASA,1999
[36]Price,B.A,Smith,T.F.Calibration and uncertainty analysis of temperature sensors.Sensor for Industry,2001,Proceedings of the First ISA/IEEE Conference 5-?,2001.11:286-289
[37]宋伟,吴建国等.中文Visual Basic 6.0高级编程.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.4
[38]Z.M.Yeh.Adaptive multivariable fuzzy logic control.FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEM.1997,86(1);
[39]L.X.Wang.Combining mathematical model and heuristic into controller:An adaptive fuzzy control approach.1997,89(2):
[40]铁道部.TB/T信号微机监测系统技术条件.中国铁道出版社.2001
[41]Kevin M.Passino,Stephen Yurkovich.模糊控制(英文影印版).清华大学出版社.2001
[42]Kazuo Tanaka,Hua O.Wang.Fuzzy Control Systems Design and Analysis.Wiley-lnterscience.2002
[43]王立新.自适应模糊系统与控制-设计与稳定性分析.国防工业出版社.2002
[44]LI Shiyong.The Control Theory of Fuzzy,Neural-networks and Intelligence.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1996,425-435 P
[45]WANG De yi.Application of fuzzy clustering method in designing fuzzy neural exciting controller of generator.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.2003,No.3
[46]刘保明.变频空调在铁路客车上应用的可行性探讨.铁道车辆,2001,(6)
[47]Layne R J,Passino K M,Yurkovich S.Fuzzy Learning Control for Antiskid Braking Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,1993,1(2):122-129.
[48]M.Masuda.Development of A Multi-system Air Conditioner for Residential use[J]ASHRAE,Vol 97 Part 1
[49]Chiou S.J.Automated Conceptual Design of Mechanism.Mechanism and Machine Design,1999(34):417-495
[50]Ghaman,R.,Gettman,D.,Head,L.,Mirchandani,P.B.Adaptive control software for distributed systems,Industrial Electronics Society,IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference:3103-3106
[51]李敏毅,刘定强,梁显有.空调器空气焓差法测量制冷量方式及误差分析.实用测试技术,2002.5(3):24-27
[52]Thomas,R.S.,Phan,K.D.Traction electrification and NEC compliance:the Portland light rail experience.Railroad conference,1999.Proceedings of the 1999 ASME/IEEE Joint:28-32
[53]周兴禧,周滋锋,王斌.变频空调系统特性的仿真研究.流体机械[J].2002(2)
[54]Qian L.,Gero J.S.Function-behavior-structure paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design.AIEDAM,1996.10