基于生命周期理论的城市创新系统研究
|
摘要
城市是经济社会发展的重要载体,城市的发展影响着国家和地区的未来。随着经济全球化格局的逐步完善,各国之间生产要素流通更加便捷,城市依靠资本投入获取竞争优势的时代已经不复存在,激烈的竞争迫使城市寻找新的发展的动力,寻求新的竞争优势。创新是社会进步的灵魂,是一个国家和地区经济持续发展的原动力。目前,各国和地区纷纷提出建设创新城市的构想,将创新战略纳入到国家发展目标和战略规划中去。2006年,我国正式提出建设创新型国家的战略决策。随后,国内各大城市积极响应中央的战略决策,相继提出建设创新城市的远景目标。实践工作的开展迫切需要深厚的理论研究提供政策指导。目前国内外专家学者就创新型城市的研究提出了一些理论和方法,但事实上,这些理论研究并未形成一个完整的理论体系,大多数研究从城市实践角度得出结论;有的研究对城市创新系统的构成要素、功能意义描述较多,而对系统的运行机制、要素之间的作用机理研究甚少;创新城市评价的方法已经有较多的研究,但这些研究大多评价城市当前的创新能力,少有文章从建设创新城市全过程角度进行评价。
基于此,本文提出了基于生命周期的城市创新系统研究。文章论述了城市创新系统构建的意义和系统的特点,深入分析了城市创新系统的构成要素与运行机制,提出了城市创新系统的生命周期模型,论述了城市创新系统生命周期的发展阶段,并在此基础上提出了城市创新系统生命周期的判定模型,最后对武汉城市创新系统的建设进行评价判定,并提出了创新武汉发展的对策与措施。
研究内容分为以下六个部分:
第一部分,分析创新理论、创新系统发展演变的历程,论述城市创新系统发展演进的由来,以及创新型城市和城市创新系统研究的现状与不足。
第二部分,阐述城市创新系统的构建意义,详细描述了城市创新系统的特征、构成要素,并具体分析了城市创新系统的运行机制。
第三部分,运用生命周期的理论,构造了城市创新系统生命周期模型,分析了城市创新系统的生命周期演化的阶段,并具体阐述了五个阶段的特征表现。
第四部分,提出了城市创新系统的生命周期判定模型,详细介绍了判定方法的选择、方法的原理和实施步骤。
第五部分,结合武汉创新型城市建设的实例,验证了城市创新系统生命周期判定模型的有效性,并提出武汉建设城市创新系统的建议。
第六部分,总结全文,论述文章的创新点和需要改进的地方,以及今后研究的方向。
Cities are an important carrier for promoting the development of economic and social, and the development of cities affect the future of the country and the region. As the pattern of economic globalization is gradually improved, the circulation of production factors among countries is more convenient. The era is gone in which cities obtain competitive advantage through capital investment. Cities should search for new development impetus and seed new competitive advatages to deal with the fierce competition. Innovation is the soul of social progress, and also is driving force for the development of sustainable economic of national and regional. At present, countries and regions have put forward the idea of building an innovative city. The innovation strategies have been brought into national development goals and strategic planning. In 2006, China formally proposed the strategic decisions that is building an innovation country. Subsequently, the domestic cities have proposed building an innovative city in response to central government's strategic decision-making positively. Carrying out practical work need for a profound theoretical research urgently to provide policy guidance. At present foreign and domestic experts has raised a number of theories and methods on innovation city research, but in fact, these theoretical studies have not formed a complete theoretical system. Most studies drew conclusions from the practical point of view. Some pay attention to the elements and functions of city innovation system, while neglect the operating mechanism of the system. There are many measures for the evaluation of innovative city, but most of them evaluate the innovative capacity of cities in the present. Only a few assess it from the entire process of building an innovative city.
Based on this, this thesis presents a research on city innovation system based on life-cycle theory. This thesis discusses the significance of building city innovation system and the system characteristics, and analyses the constituent elements of city innovation system and operation mechanism deeply. Then it puts forward the life-cycle model of city innovation system and discusses the stage of development of life-cycle. After that, it brings forward evaluating model on the life-cycle of city innovation system. Finally, it evaluates the construction of Wuhan city innovation system and make suggestions on the innovative development in Wuhan.
The research content may divide into following six parts:
The first part analyses the development course of innovation theory and innovation system, and discusses the evolution of city innovation system. Then it puts forward the status and lack of research on city innovation system.
The second part sets out the meaning of building city innovation system and labors the characteristics , constituent elements and operating mechanism of city innovation system.
The third part brings forward the basic idea for life-cycle of city innovation system based on life-cycle theory, and analyze the evolution of life-cycle stage, the characteristics of five phases.
The fourth part builds the model for assessing the life-cycle of city innovation system, and introduces the process for choosing the method and implementing steps.
The fifth part illuminates the material implementing flow of the model by Wuhan. It verifies the validity of the model and proposes recommendations on the construction of Wuhan city innovation system.
The sixth part sums up the thesis, discusses the innovative points and future research directions.
基于此,本文提出了基于生命周期的城市创新系统研究。文章论述了城市创新系统构建的意义和系统的特点,深入分析了城市创新系统的构成要素与运行机制,提出了城市创新系统的生命周期模型,论述了城市创新系统生命周期的发展阶段,并在此基础上提出了城市创新系统生命周期的判定模型,最后对武汉城市创新系统的建设进行评价判定,并提出了创新武汉发展的对策与措施。
研究内容分为以下六个部分:
第一部分,分析创新理论、创新系统发展演变的历程,论述城市创新系统发展演进的由来,以及创新型城市和城市创新系统研究的现状与不足。
第二部分,阐述城市创新系统的构建意义,详细描述了城市创新系统的特征、构成要素,并具体分析了城市创新系统的运行机制。
第三部分,运用生命周期的理论,构造了城市创新系统生命周期模型,分析了城市创新系统的生命周期演化的阶段,并具体阐述了五个阶段的特征表现。
第四部分,提出了城市创新系统的生命周期判定模型,详细介绍了判定方法的选择、方法的原理和实施步骤。
第五部分,结合武汉创新型城市建设的实例,验证了城市创新系统生命周期判定模型的有效性,并提出武汉建设城市创新系统的建议。
第六部分,总结全文,论述文章的创新点和需要改进的地方,以及今后研究的方向。
Cities are an important carrier for promoting the development of economic and social, and the development of cities affect the future of the country and the region. As the pattern of economic globalization is gradually improved, the circulation of production factors among countries is more convenient. The era is gone in which cities obtain competitive advantage through capital investment. Cities should search for new development impetus and seed new competitive advatages to deal with the fierce competition. Innovation is the soul of social progress, and also is driving force for the development of sustainable economic of national and regional. At present, countries and regions have put forward the idea of building an innovative city. The innovation strategies have been brought into national development goals and strategic planning. In 2006, China formally proposed the strategic decisions that is building an innovation country. Subsequently, the domestic cities have proposed building an innovative city in response to central government's strategic decision-making positively. Carrying out practical work need for a profound theoretical research urgently to provide policy guidance. At present foreign and domestic experts has raised a number of theories and methods on innovation city research, but in fact, these theoretical studies have not formed a complete theoretical system. Most studies drew conclusions from the practical point of view. Some pay attention to the elements and functions of city innovation system, while neglect the operating mechanism of the system. There are many measures for the evaluation of innovative city, but most of them evaluate the innovative capacity of cities in the present. Only a few assess it from the entire process of building an innovative city.
Based on this, this thesis presents a research on city innovation system based on life-cycle theory. This thesis discusses the significance of building city innovation system and the system characteristics, and analyses the constituent elements of city innovation system and operation mechanism deeply. Then it puts forward the life-cycle model of city innovation system and discusses the stage of development of life-cycle. After that, it brings forward evaluating model on the life-cycle of city innovation system. Finally, it evaluates the construction of Wuhan city innovation system and make suggestions on the innovative development in Wuhan.
The research content may divide into following six parts:
The first part analyses the development course of innovation theory and innovation system, and discusses the evolution of city innovation system. Then it puts forward the status and lack of research on city innovation system.
The second part sets out the meaning of building city innovation system and labors the characteristics , constituent elements and operating mechanism of city innovation system.
The third part brings forward the basic idea for life-cycle of city innovation system based on life-cycle theory, and analyze the evolution of life-cycle stage, the characteristics of five phases.
The fourth part builds the model for assessing the life-cycle of city innovation system, and introduces the process for choosing the method and implementing steps.
The fifth part illuminates the material implementing flow of the model by Wuhan. It verifies the validity of the model and proposes recommendations on the construction of Wuhan city innovation system.
The sixth part sums up the thesis, discusses the innovative points and future research directions.
引文
[1]丁娟。创新理论的发展演变[J].现代经济探讨,2002(6):27-29
[2]韩振海,李国平.国家创新系统理论的演变述评[J].科学管理研究,2004(4):24-26
[3]Bengt Akeke Lundvall,Mark Tomlinson.On the convergence and divergence of national systems of innovation[R].Department of Business Studies,Aalborg University and University of Manchester,2000.
[4]C.Freeman.Technology Policy and Economic Performance:Lessons from Japan[M].London:Frances Pinter,1987,1.
[5]Lundvall,B.A.National Systems of Innovation:Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning[C].London:Pinter Publishers,1992.
[6]Nelson,R.R.(Ed.).National Innovation Systems:A Comparative Analysis[M].Oxford University Press,1993.
[7]Patel Parimal,Pavia Keith.The Nature and Economic Importance of National Innovation System[J].STI Review,1994(14)
[8]Porter,Michael E.The Competitive Advantage of the Inner City[J].Harvard Business Review,1995(3):55-71.
[9]OECD.National Innovation Systems[C].Paris:OECD,1997.9
[10]Cooke P,Hans-Joachim Braczyk H J and Heidenreich M(eds.) Regional Innovation System:the Role of Governances in the Globalized World[M].London:UCL Press,1996
[11]黄鲁成。关于区域创新系统研究内容的探讨[J]。科研管理,2000(2)
[12]任胜刚,关涛.区域创新系统内涵、研究框架探讨[J].软科学,2006(4):90-94
[13]汪洋,刘林林.我国区域创新系统的实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2008(1):36-39
[14]Cooke P,Uranga M G,Etxebarria G.Regional Systems of Innovation:an Evolutionary Perspective[J].Environmental and Planning,1998(30):1563-1584
[15]Franz Todtling,Alexander Kaufmann.Innovation Systems in Regions of Europe - A Comparative Perspective[J].European Planning Studies,1999(6):699-717
[16]Bjorn T Asheim,Lars Coenen.Knowledge Bases and Regional Innovation Systems:Comparing Nordic clusters[J].Research Policy,2005(34):1173-1190
[17]Erkko Autio.Evaluation of RTD in Regional Systems of innovation[J],European Planning Studies,1998(6):131-145
[18]Cooke P.Regional Innovation Systems:General Findings and Some New Evidence form Biotechnology Clusters[J].Journal of Technology Transfer.2002(27):133-145.
[19]龚荒,聂锐.区域创新体系的构建原则、组织结构与推进措施[J]。软科学,2002(6):22—25.
[20]D.Doloreux.What we should know about regional systems Of innovation[J],Technology in Society,2002(24):243-263.
[21]任胜钢,李燄,彭建华。区域创新系统组织结构与运行机制的评价与比较研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(6):81-85
[22]李虹。区域创新体系的构成及其动力机制分析[J].天津:科学学与科学技术管理,2004(2):34—36
[23]王焕祥,孙斐.区域创新系统的动力机制分析[J].中国科技论坛,2009(1):36-40
[24]苏屹,李柏洲.区域创新系统生命周期演化的动力要素研究[J]。科学学与科学技术管理,2009(6):104-109
[25]赵黎明,冷晓明等.城市创新系统[M].天津大学出版社,2002
[26]隋映辉.城市创新系统与“城市创新圈”[J]。学术界,2004(3):105-112
[27]张立柱,隋映辉。城市创新系统与山东省“四大创新圈模式”构建[J]。科学学研究,2006(8):314—319
[28]黄继,管顺丰.武汉城市创新系统创新能力评价与提升对策[J]。科技进步与对策,2007(5):72—74
[29]李飞,张晓立,覃巍.城市创新系统理论研究综述[J].城市问题,2007(10):29—33
[30]赵黎明,李振华.城市创新系统的动力学机制研究[J].科学学研究,2003(1):97-100
[31]于晓宇,谢富纪.国际典型城市创新体系运行机制的比较研究[J].上海管理科学,2009(3):77—83
[32]Charles Landry.The Creative City:A Toolkit for Urban Innovators(1st edition)[M].Earthscan Publications Ltd.,2000
[33]Florida Richard.The Rise of the Creative Class[M].New York:Basic,2002
[34]冯霞.发挥统计职能建立创新型城市建设评价指标体系[J].太原科技,2006(3)
[35]朱凌,陈劲,王飞绒。创新型城市发展状况评测体系研究[J].科学学研究,2008(1)
[36]王仁祥,邓平.创新型城市评价指标体系的构建[J].工业技术经济,2008(1)
[37]杜辉.创新型城市的内涵与特征[J].大连干部学刊,2006(2)
[38]卢小珠,卢宁宁,邹继业等.创新型城市评价指标体系及标准研究[J].经济与社会发展,2007(10)
[39]张洁,刘科伟,刘红光.我国主要城市创新能力评价[J].科技管理研究,2007(11)
[40]宋德勇.城市创新能力评价研究:理论探讨与副省级以上城市案例[D].中国海洋大学,2006
[41]夏光,屠梅曾.“三区联动”的内涵、机制剖析及理论演进脉络[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(9):102-108
[42]杨冬梅,赵黎明,闰凌州.创新型城市发展演进的规律研究[A].提高全民科学素质、建设创新型国家--2006中国科协年会论文集[C],2006:160-164
[43]杨剑,梁樑.基于生命周期理论的区域创新系统研究[J].中国科技论坛,2006(1):41-45
[44]华中生,梁梁。基于模糊贴近度的多目标分类算法[J].运筹与管理,1994(3):19—24
[2]韩振海,李国平.国家创新系统理论的演变述评[J].科学管理研究,2004(4):24-26
[3]Bengt Akeke Lundvall,Mark Tomlinson.On the convergence and divergence of national systems of innovation[R].Department of Business Studies,Aalborg University and University of Manchester,2000.
[4]C.Freeman.Technology Policy and Economic Performance:Lessons from Japan[M].London:Frances Pinter,1987,1.
[5]Lundvall,B.A.National Systems of Innovation:Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning[C].London:Pinter Publishers,1992.
[6]Nelson,R.R.(Ed.).National Innovation Systems:A Comparative Analysis[M].Oxford University Press,1993.
[7]Patel Parimal,Pavia Keith.The Nature and Economic Importance of National Innovation System[J].STI Review,1994(14)
[8]Porter,Michael E.The Competitive Advantage of the Inner City[J].Harvard Business Review,1995(3):55-71.
[9]OECD.National Innovation Systems[C].Paris:OECD,1997.9
[10]Cooke P,Hans-Joachim Braczyk H J and Heidenreich M(eds.) Regional Innovation System:the Role of Governances in the Globalized World[M].London:UCL Press,1996
[11]黄鲁成。关于区域创新系统研究内容的探讨[J]。科研管理,2000(2)
[12]任胜刚,关涛.区域创新系统内涵、研究框架探讨[J].软科学,2006(4):90-94
[13]汪洋,刘林林.我国区域创新系统的实证分析[J].经济问题探索,2008(1):36-39
[14]Cooke P,Uranga M G,Etxebarria G.Regional Systems of Innovation:an Evolutionary Perspective[J].Environmental and Planning,1998(30):1563-1584
[15]Franz Todtling,Alexander Kaufmann.Innovation Systems in Regions of Europe - A Comparative Perspective[J].European Planning Studies,1999(6):699-717
[16]Bjorn T Asheim,Lars Coenen.Knowledge Bases and Regional Innovation Systems:Comparing Nordic clusters[J].Research Policy,2005(34):1173-1190
[17]Erkko Autio.Evaluation of RTD in Regional Systems of innovation[J],European Planning Studies,1998(6):131-145
[18]Cooke P.Regional Innovation Systems:General Findings and Some New Evidence form Biotechnology Clusters[J].Journal of Technology Transfer.2002(27):133-145.
[19]龚荒,聂锐.区域创新体系的构建原则、组织结构与推进措施[J]。软科学,2002(6):22—25.
[20]D.Doloreux.What we should know about regional systems Of innovation[J],Technology in Society,2002(24):243-263.
[21]任胜钢,李燄,彭建华。区域创新系统组织结构与运行机制的评价与比较研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(6):81-85
[22]李虹。区域创新体系的构成及其动力机制分析[J].天津:科学学与科学技术管理,2004(2):34—36
[23]王焕祥,孙斐.区域创新系统的动力机制分析[J].中国科技论坛,2009(1):36-40
[24]苏屹,李柏洲.区域创新系统生命周期演化的动力要素研究[J]。科学学与科学技术管理,2009(6):104-109
[25]赵黎明,冷晓明等.城市创新系统[M].天津大学出版社,2002
[26]隋映辉.城市创新系统与“城市创新圈”[J]。学术界,2004(3):105-112
[27]张立柱,隋映辉。城市创新系统与山东省“四大创新圈模式”构建[J]。科学学研究,2006(8):314—319
[28]黄继,管顺丰.武汉城市创新系统创新能力评价与提升对策[J]。科技进步与对策,2007(5):72—74
[29]李飞,张晓立,覃巍.城市创新系统理论研究综述[J].城市问题,2007(10):29—33
[30]赵黎明,李振华.城市创新系统的动力学机制研究[J].科学学研究,2003(1):97-100
[31]于晓宇,谢富纪.国际典型城市创新体系运行机制的比较研究[J].上海管理科学,2009(3):77—83
[32]Charles Landry.The Creative City:A Toolkit for Urban Innovators(1st edition)[M].Earthscan Publications Ltd.,2000
[33]Florida Richard.The Rise of the Creative Class[M].New York:Basic,2002
[34]冯霞.发挥统计职能建立创新型城市建设评价指标体系[J].太原科技,2006(3)
[35]朱凌,陈劲,王飞绒。创新型城市发展状况评测体系研究[J].科学学研究,2008(1)
[36]王仁祥,邓平.创新型城市评价指标体系的构建[J].工业技术经济,2008(1)
[37]杜辉.创新型城市的内涵与特征[J].大连干部学刊,2006(2)
[38]卢小珠,卢宁宁,邹继业等.创新型城市评价指标体系及标准研究[J].经济与社会发展,2007(10)
[39]张洁,刘科伟,刘红光.我国主要城市创新能力评价[J].科技管理研究,2007(11)
[40]宋德勇.城市创新能力评价研究:理论探讨与副省级以上城市案例[D].中国海洋大学,2006
[41]夏光,屠梅曾.“三区联动”的内涵、机制剖析及理论演进脉络[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(9):102-108
[42]杨冬梅,赵黎明,闰凌州.创新型城市发展演进的规律研究[A].提高全民科学素质、建设创新型国家--2006中国科协年会论文集[C],2006:160-164
[43]杨剑,梁樑.基于生命周期理论的区域创新系统研究[J].中国科技论坛,2006(1):41-45
[44]华中生,梁梁。基于模糊贴近度的多目标分类算法[J].运筹与管理,1994(3):19—24