山西农村经济发展的金融支持研究
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摘要
山西省是作为中部的一个农业大省,其“三农”问题是当前乃至今后很长一段时间内影响山西省经济持续、稳定、健康发展和社会稳定的重大问题之一,是影响山西省在本世纪头20年实现全面小康社会的奋斗目标的关键问题之一。从解决途径看,解决资源配置问题是解决“三农”问题的关键,农村金融制度作为农村经济发展中最为重要的资本要素配置制度,无疑将成为农村经济改革中的一个焦点。目前山西省农业和农村发展的中心任务是推进农村经济结构的战略性调整,而不管是通过城镇化转移农村剩余劳动力,还是通过农业产业化调整农村生产结构,都需要有大量资金的积累和再投入,均离不开金融的支持。但是从目前的情况来看,山西省社会资金的大部分均流向比较效益高的非农部门,而农村本已紧缺的资金也通过各种渠道外流,使得农村经济发展受到严重制约。调查研究显示,九十年代中期以来,山西省农村的企业和农户在货款取得方面显得更为困难。缺乏合适有效的金融机构为农村和农民提供金融服务、无法满足农村经济主体的融资需求构成了当前农村经济发展的困境,也是造成农民收入增长缓慢的主要原因之一。
本文在此背景之下,对山西农村金融支持农村经济发展的现状、程度、面临的困境及其成因进行较为全面和系统地研究。
全文共共分为七章:
第一章:导论。阐述了选题的目的和意义、研究方法、创新观点及国内外研究动态。
第二章:农村经济发展金融支持的理论基础。本章主要运用经济增长理论、金融发展理论、农村金融理论等对农村金融发展与经济发展的关系进行理论上的分析,从而为分析山西农村金融对经济发展的支持现状和程度作一理论支撑。
第三章:山西农村经济发展金融支持的历史考察。本章对山西省农村正规金融和非正规金融的支持农村经济发展的状况进行了历史考察,作为后续研究的逻辑起点。
第四章:山西农村经济发展的金融支持的实证分析。本章首先选取了山西省农林牧渔增加值和乡镇企业增加值作为反映农村经济发展水平的指标,选取农村金融机构各项存款余额占金融机构各项存款余额的比重作为山西农村金融发展规模的指标;农业贷款余额占金融机构各项贷款余额的比重和乡镇企业贷款余额占金融机构各项贷款余额的比重作为山西省农村金融支农程度的指标。通过计算山西省经济发展水平和金融发展水平的灰色关联度定量分析了山西省农村金融对农村经济增长的支持作用。随后,基于状态空间模型对山西省农村金融对农民增收的支持力度做了实证分析。通过实证分析,得出的基本结论是:农村金融对农村经济的发展有影响,但影响不突出;山西省农村金融对乡镇企业增加值的影响大于对农林牧渔业增加值的影响,说明山西省农村金融对纯农业的支持力度较小;山西省农民收入的人均贷款弹性在80年代曾经为负值,80年代后变为正值,但数值较小。说明山西省农村金融对农民收入的增加也没有起到应有的支持作用。
第五章:山西省农村经济发展的金融支持现状。本章首先详细分析了山西省农村金融供给的金融主体:商业性金融机构、政策性金融机构、合作性金融机构以及民间金融机构和个人的金融供给行为。得出的结论是山西省农村金融存在明显的供给型金融抑制。然后对山西省农村金融需求主体:农户和农村中小企业的金融需求进行了分析;最后通过案例分析的方法,分析农村的经济主体的金融服务需求是否得到满足以及满足的程度如何,这也是衡量农村金融对农村经济发展支持程度的重要依据之一。通过分析认为,在山西省农村地区,伴随着信贷供给约束还存在不同程度的信贷需求约束。
第六章:山西省农村经济发展的金融支持所面临的困境及成因分析。本章首先从金融组织资源供给不足、农村资金流失、严格的农村金融管制等方面揭示了山西省农村存在供给型金融抑制的原因;从自然需求不足和人为需求不足两个方面分析了山西农村金融存在需求性金融抑制的原因。进而从山西省农村金融供给主体的自身出发,分析了农村金融供给不足的内在原因。
第七章:提高山西省农村经济发展的金融支持水平的政策建议。包括进一步推进山西省农村金融体制全面改革、优化农村金融发展的外部环境等方面。在这一章中重点对农村信用社的改革进行了探讨。通过博弈分析得出结论:以民主管理原则为标准在农村信用社推行合作制是不可能取得成功的,而以互助融资为标准在农村信用社推行合作制是可以取得成功的。
Shanxi is a big agricultural province in central China, of which the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers are very important problems to affect the economy to have a sustaining and healthy development and the society to have a stable situation. Solving the distribution of resources is the key to solving the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers, so rural financial system as the most important system of distribution of resources will be a focus of rural economic reform undoubtedly. The current major task of the development of agriculture and rural areas in Shanxi province should be directed to promoting strategic adjustment of rural economic structure through either urbanization to transfer surplus rural labor or agricultural industrialization to restructure rural economy, both of which need accumulation and reinvestment of large amount of capitals. Only with financial support can this task be done. Current situation, however, is that most social capitals are invested in non-agricultural and highly profitable industries, and most rural capitals that are already very short in rural areas are devoted to urban areas via various channels, which severely limits the rural economic development in Shanxi province. Investigation showed that since mid 1990s, it has become more and more difficult for rural enterprises and farmers to obtain loans. The shortage of appropriate financial institutions providing efficient services to the economic entities in rural areas and meeting their financial demands puts rural economic development in a difficult position. It is also one of the reasons for the slow increase in farmers' income. Meanwhile, the operation of Chinese rural financial institutions has been restricted in many aspects, which gives rise to many conflicts regarding the financial aggregate, structure, and regulations in rural economic development. In order to address these issues thoroughly, a comprehensive study is conducted in this thesis on rural finance supporting rural economic development, with a focus on the current status of rural finance and the extent in Shanxi province to which it contributes to rural economic development. The existing problems and their corresponding causes are also explored in this thesis, and some suggestions are provided therein as potential solutions.
This thesis consists of seven chapters as follows:
Chapter one: introduction. In this chapter the author reviews the aim, significance, research method, the opinion of innovation and the internal and research trends.
Chapter two: The theoretical framework for finance supporting rural economic development. Economic growth theory, financial development theory, and rural finance theory are employed to analyze the relationship between rural financial development and rural economic development. This framework provides a strong support for analyzing the current status of finance and its contribution to the rural economic development in China.
Chapter three: In this chapter, the author depict the historical flux of the formal and informal rural finance supporting economic development in Shanxi province which is the logic beginning of the later research.
Chapter four: The empirical analysis of the financial support to the development of rural economy in Shanxi province. The first part is the empirical analysis of rural financial support to economic growth. The thesis chooses the added value of agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry ,fishery and water conservancy and the added value of enterprise of villages and towns as the index of rural economic development level, chooses the ratio of loans of rural financial institution to loans of the whole financial institution and the ratio of deposits of rural financial institution to deposits the whole financial institution as the index of the scale of rural finance in Shanxi province and chooses the ratio of the agricultural loans to the whole loans of financial institution and the loans of enterprise of villages and towns to the whole financial institution as the index of the rural finance supporting rural economic development. The author calculates the gray relation degree between economic development level and financial development level to analyze the function of the rural finance supporting to rural economic growth. In the second part the author analyzes empirically the support of rural finance to the income growth of peasant basing on state space model. A few conclusions are made that the rural finance can affect the rural economic development, but the influence is not big; The influence of rural finance on thr added value of enterprise of villages and towns is bigger than on the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy, which shows that the degree that rural finance supports pure agriculture is not big. The loan elasticity of average income of pesants is negative in 1980s in Shanxi province and becomes positive after 1980s, but the value is small and unchangeble for a long time, which shows that the rural finance had not due support to the gowth of pesant income.
Chapter five: The status quo of financial support to the development of rural economy in Shanxi proivince. In the first part the author analyzes supply of the financial subject including commercial financial institution, policy financial institution, cooperative financial institution, civilian institution and individual. A conclusion is made that the supplying finance restrain is obvious. In the second part the author analyzes the financial demand of demand subject farmer and middle and small enterprise in rural areas in Shanxi province. Otherwise, the author analyzes if the farmer’s financial demand can be met through case, which shows that demanding finance restrain exists is rural areas in Shanxi province.
Chapter six: The plight and cause of finance supporing to the development of rural economy in Shanxi province. In the first part, the author opens out the cause of supplying financial restrain in rural areas in Shanxi province and the cause of demanding financial restrain from two sides: natural demand insufficiency and demand insufficiency caused by man. In the second part the author analyzes the inner cause of supply insufficiency from supply subject of rural finance.
Chapter seven: To enhance the finance support level to the development of rural economy. This chapter constitutes promoting the whole reform of rural finance system and optimizing the exterior environment of rural economy. This chapter analyzes if the rural cooperative can carry out cooperative system according to different criteria with dynamic games mode theory. At last a conclusion is made that the principle of cooperative system is not suitable for weighing if the system of rural copoperative is cooperative, while mutual financing is suitable.
本文在此背景之下,对山西农村金融支持农村经济发展的现状、程度、面临的困境及其成因进行较为全面和系统地研究。
全文共共分为七章:
第一章:导论。阐述了选题的目的和意义、研究方法、创新观点及国内外研究动态。
第二章:农村经济发展金融支持的理论基础。本章主要运用经济增长理论、金融发展理论、农村金融理论等对农村金融发展与经济发展的关系进行理论上的分析,从而为分析山西农村金融对经济发展的支持现状和程度作一理论支撑。
第三章:山西农村经济发展金融支持的历史考察。本章对山西省农村正规金融和非正规金融的支持农村经济发展的状况进行了历史考察,作为后续研究的逻辑起点。
第四章:山西农村经济发展的金融支持的实证分析。本章首先选取了山西省农林牧渔增加值和乡镇企业增加值作为反映农村经济发展水平的指标,选取农村金融机构各项存款余额占金融机构各项存款余额的比重作为山西农村金融发展规模的指标;农业贷款余额占金融机构各项贷款余额的比重和乡镇企业贷款余额占金融机构各项贷款余额的比重作为山西省农村金融支农程度的指标。通过计算山西省经济发展水平和金融发展水平的灰色关联度定量分析了山西省农村金融对农村经济增长的支持作用。随后,基于状态空间模型对山西省农村金融对农民增收的支持力度做了实证分析。通过实证分析,得出的基本结论是:农村金融对农村经济的发展有影响,但影响不突出;山西省农村金融对乡镇企业增加值的影响大于对农林牧渔业增加值的影响,说明山西省农村金融对纯农业的支持力度较小;山西省农民收入的人均贷款弹性在80年代曾经为负值,80年代后变为正值,但数值较小。说明山西省农村金融对农民收入的增加也没有起到应有的支持作用。
第五章:山西省农村经济发展的金融支持现状。本章首先详细分析了山西省农村金融供给的金融主体:商业性金融机构、政策性金融机构、合作性金融机构以及民间金融机构和个人的金融供给行为。得出的结论是山西省农村金融存在明显的供给型金融抑制。然后对山西省农村金融需求主体:农户和农村中小企业的金融需求进行了分析;最后通过案例分析的方法,分析农村的经济主体的金融服务需求是否得到满足以及满足的程度如何,这也是衡量农村金融对农村经济发展支持程度的重要依据之一。通过分析认为,在山西省农村地区,伴随着信贷供给约束还存在不同程度的信贷需求约束。
第六章:山西省农村经济发展的金融支持所面临的困境及成因分析。本章首先从金融组织资源供给不足、农村资金流失、严格的农村金融管制等方面揭示了山西省农村存在供给型金融抑制的原因;从自然需求不足和人为需求不足两个方面分析了山西农村金融存在需求性金融抑制的原因。进而从山西省农村金融供给主体的自身出发,分析了农村金融供给不足的内在原因。
第七章:提高山西省农村经济发展的金融支持水平的政策建议。包括进一步推进山西省农村金融体制全面改革、优化农村金融发展的外部环境等方面。在这一章中重点对农村信用社的改革进行了探讨。通过博弈分析得出结论:以民主管理原则为标准在农村信用社推行合作制是不可能取得成功的,而以互助融资为标准在农村信用社推行合作制是可以取得成功的。
Shanxi is a big agricultural province in central China, of which the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers are very important problems to affect the economy to have a sustaining and healthy development and the society to have a stable situation. Solving the distribution of resources is the key to solving the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers, so rural financial system as the most important system of distribution of resources will be a focus of rural economic reform undoubtedly. The current major task of the development of agriculture and rural areas in Shanxi province should be directed to promoting strategic adjustment of rural economic structure through either urbanization to transfer surplus rural labor or agricultural industrialization to restructure rural economy, both of which need accumulation and reinvestment of large amount of capitals. Only with financial support can this task be done. Current situation, however, is that most social capitals are invested in non-agricultural and highly profitable industries, and most rural capitals that are already very short in rural areas are devoted to urban areas via various channels, which severely limits the rural economic development in Shanxi province. Investigation showed that since mid 1990s, it has become more and more difficult for rural enterprises and farmers to obtain loans. The shortage of appropriate financial institutions providing efficient services to the economic entities in rural areas and meeting their financial demands puts rural economic development in a difficult position. It is also one of the reasons for the slow increase in farmers' income. Meanwhile, the operation of Chinese rural financial institutions has been restricted in many aspects, which gives rise to many conflicts regarding the financial aggregate, structure, and regulations in rural economic development. In order to address these issues thoroughly, a comprehensive study is conducted in this thesis on rural finance supporting rural economic development, with a focus on the current status of rural finance and the extent in Shanxi province to which it contributes to rural economic development. The existing problems and their corresponding causes are also explored in this thesis, and some suggestions are provided therein as potential solutions.
This thesis consists of seven chapters as follows:
Chapter one: introduction. In this chapter the author reviews the aim, significance, research method, the opinion of innovation and the internal and research trends.
Chapter two: The theoretical framework for finance supporting rural economic development. Economic growth theory, financial development theory, and rural finance theory are employed to analyze the relationship between rural financial development and rural economic development. This framework provides a strong support for analyzing the current status of finance and its contribution to the rural economic development in China.
Chapter three: In this chapter, the author depict the historical flux of the formal and informal rural finance supporting economic development in Shanxi province which is the logic beginning of the later research.
Chapter four: The empirical analysis of the financial support to the development of rural economy in Shanxi province. The first part is the empirical analysis of rural financial support to economic growth. The thesis chooses the added value of agriculture, forestry,animal husbandry ,fishery and water conservancy and the added value of enterprise of villages and towns as the index of rural economic development level, chooses the ratio of loans of rural financial institution to loans of the whole financial institution and the ratio of deposits of rural financial institution to deposits the whole financial institution as the index of the scale of rural finance in Shanxi province and chooses the ratio of the agricultural loans to the whole loans of financial institution and the loans of enterprise of villages and towns to the whole financial institution as the index of the rural finance supporting rural economic development. The author calculates the gray relation degree between economic development level and financial development level to analyze the function of the rural finance supporting to rural economic growth. In the second part the author analyzes empirically the support of rural finance to the income growth of peasant basing on state space model. A few conclusions are made that the rural finance can affect the rural economic development, but the influence is not big; The influence of rural finance on thr added value of enterprise of villages and towns is bigger than on the added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy, which shows that the degree that rural finance supports pure agriculture is not big. The loan elasticity of average income of pesants is negative in 1980s in Shanxi province and becomes positive after 1980s, but the value is small and unchangeble for a long time, which shows that the rural finance had not due support to the gowth of pesant income.
Chapter five: The status quo of financial support to the development of rural economy in Shanxi proivince. In the first part the author analyzes supply of the financial subject including commercial financial institution, policy financial institution, cooperative financial institution, civilian institution and individual. A conclusion is made that the supplying finance restrain is obvious. In the second part the author analyzes the financial demand of demand subject farmer and middle and small enterprise in rural areas in Shanxi province. Otherwise, the author analyzes if the farmer’s financial demand can be met through case, which shows that demanding finance restrain exists is rural areas in Shanxi province.
Chapter six: The plight and cause of finance supporing to the development of rural economy in Shanxi province. In the first part, the author opens out the cause of supplying financial restrain in rural areas in Shanxi province and the cause of demanding financial restrain from two sides: natural demand insufficiency and demand insufficiency caused by man. In the second part the author analyzes the inner cause of supply insufficiency from supply subject of rural finance.
Chapter seven: To enhance the finance support level to the development of rural economy. This chapter constitutes promoting the whole reform of rural finance system and optimizing the exterior environment of rural economy. This chapter analyzes if the rural cooperative can carry out cooperative system according to different criteria with dynamic games mode theory. At last a conclusion is made that the principle of cooperative system is not suitable for weighing if the system of rural copoperative is cooperative, while mutual financing is suitable.
引文
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