悬浮填料式A~2/O工艺处理生活污水的实验研究
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摘要
面对水资源问题的日益突出,以及对危害生态环境污染物的不断深入认识和了解,人们已经不单单的将有机污染物即化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD5)和悬浮固体(SS)作为主要的处理目标,对无机营养物质如氮、磷的去除,逐渐的也成为一个重点环节。我国对此已经制定了严格的污水处理标准,部分地区甚至还出台了更为苛刻的地方排放标准。
A2／O工艺是一个比较成熟的工艺,众多优点使其已经被广泛应用,但仍存在许多弊端。为了能够改善和解决传统A2／O工艺的固有矛盾,提高该工艺的处理效能,促进传统A2／O工艺的研究发展,使其在污水处理方面得到更广泛的应用,此次小试采用人工调配的模拟生活污水作为反应器处理对象,将传统A2／O工艺与悬浮生物填料相结合,经过连续的模拟试验,全面的、系统的对悬浮填料式A2／O工艺的可行性和运行机理进行研究,并在此基础上,考察了多种外界因素及工艺参数对悬浮填料式A2／O反应器运行效果的影响作用。
悬浮填料式A2／O反应器采用活性污泥启动法,并同时利用活性污泥对反应器中2个好氧池的悬浮生物填料进行挂膜,适应驯化和生物膜培养大概经过了10天时间,COD进水310mg／L左右,COD出水可以稳定在49mg／L左右,去除率可以达到80%以上,而且还在稳定提高。反应器启动期间,还进行了大量生物相观察和出水指标检测。
悬浮填料式A2／O反应器启动一个月后,进入稳定运行期。pH在6.9-7.3之间,水力停留时间保持在8h,温度在22℃左右,进水COD浓度在300-350mg／L之间,COD出水可以稳定在28.4mg／L,去除率可以达到90%以上；进水氨氮浓度在26.7mg／L-41.2mg／L之间,氨氮出水浓度可以保持在0.3mg／L-4.7mg／L之间,稳定在4.2mg／L左右,去除率最高可以达到98%以上；进水磷酸盐浓度在3.5mg／L左右时,总磷出水可以稳定低于0.43mg／L,最低可以达到0.37mg／L,去除率稳定在88%以上,最高可以达到90%。悬浮填料式A2／O反应器的出水COD、氨氮和总磷均满足国家一级A排放标准,实现实验前的预期效果。从对反应器6段驻水pH值的监测中可以观测到,污水经过反应器各个反应池时,pH值呈现先降低后迅速升高再逐渐升高最后降低的变化规律。
在此基础上,还研究了pH值、水力停留时间等工艺参数可能对反应器造成的影响。经过一系列对比试验,大量的数据表明,悬浮填料式A2／O反应器在pH显中性环境时,去除效果最好,偏酸或偏碱的环境都会使反应器的去除率受到抑制,从而降低；而随着水力停留时间的延长去除率不断提高,当HRT=8时,去除率趋于稳定,HRT继续增加则去除率提高幅度逐渐减小,伴有降低的趋势。
Water issues become more prominent,and understand more about environmental pollutants,people not only treat the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and suspended solids (SS) as a target,but also inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus removal, gradually become a key areas.My country has established stringent sewage standards. Some areas have even more stringent local emission standards.
A2/O process is a mature technology, it has been widely used because of it's advantages, but there are still many drawbacks. In order to improve and solve the conflicts and processing efficiency of conventional A2/O, promote of traditional A2/O research and development, sewage treatment could be more widely used.This experiment chose artificial wastewater, traditional A2/O process combined with suspended biofilm carrier, through continuous simulation experiment, study the running mechanism with carrier on A2/O. On this basis, investigated a variety of external factors and parameters influence on suspended filler type A2/O.
Suspended filler type A2/O reactor start using activated sludge method,and hanging film for two aerobic reactor,biofilm culture about 10 days, COD influent 310mg/L, COD effluent can be steady at 49mg/L, about 80% removal efficiency and increased steadily. During reactor startup, has done a lot of the biological phase of observation and detection of water-related indicators.
Suspended filler A2/O reactor start a month later into the stable period,pH at 6.9-7.3,HRT remained at 8h,temperature around 22℃,influent COD concentration of 300-350mg/L, COD effluent can be steady at 28.4mg/L, handled up to 90%; influent ammonia nitrogen concentration between 26.7mg/L-41.2mg/L,effluent be maintained between the 0.3mg/L-4.7mg/L, stability in 4.2mg/L,deal with a maximum up to 98%; influent concentration of phosphate in the 3.5mg/L, TP effluent can be stabilized below 0.43mg/L, the minimum can reach 0.37mg/L,removal over 88%, up to 90%. Suspended filler A2/O reactor effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP were to reach national emission standards A, to achieve the desired effect before the experiment. Observed from the reactor pH(6 phase) that pH decreased first and then gradually increased,after the rapid increase in changes of the last reduction when the water through the reactor pool.
On this basis, studied the pH, HRT on reactor parameters. After a series of comparative tests, large amounts of data show that the suspended filler A2/O reactor was removal best in the neutral pH environment, acidic or slightly alkaline environment will suppressed the removal;and removal rate of rising with HRT, when the HRT=8, the rate stabilized, HRT continue to increase the removal rate of increase gradually decreased, accompanied by decreased.
A2／O工艺是一个比较成熟的工艺,众多优点使其已经被广泛应用,但仍存在许多弊端。为了能够改善和解决传统A2／O工艺的固有矛盾,提高该工艺的处理效能,促进传统A2／O工艺的研究发展,使其在污水处理方面得到更广泛的应用,此次小试采用人工调配的模拟生活污水作为反应器处理对象,将传统A2／O工艺与悬浮生物填料相结合,经过连续的模拟试验,全面的、系统的对悬浮填料式A2／O工艺的可行性和运行机理进行研究,并在此基础上,考察了多种外界因素及工艺参数对悬浮填料式A2／O反应器运行效果的影响作用。
悬浮填料式A2／O反应器采用活性污泥启动法,并同时利用活性污泥对反应器中2个好氧池的悬浮生物填料进行挂膜,适应驯化和生物膜培养大概经过了10天时间,COD进水310mg／L左右,COD出水可以稳定在49mg／L左右,去除率可以达到80%以上,而且还在稳定提高。反应器启动期间,还进行了大量生物相观察和出水指标检测。
悬浮填料式A2／O反应器启动一个月后,进入稳定运行期。pH在6.9-7.3之间,水力停留时间保持在8h,温度在22℃左右,进水COD浓度在300-350mg／L之间,COD出水可以稳定在28.4mg／L,去除率可以达到90%以上；进水氨氮浓度在26.7mg／L-41.2mg／L之间,氨氮出水浓度可以保持在0.3mg／L-4.7mg／L之间,稳定在4.2mg／L左右,去除率最高可以达到98%以上；进水磷酸盐浓度在3.5mg／L左右时,总磷出水可以稳定低于0.43mg／L,最低可以达到0.37mg／L,去除率稳定在88%以上,最高可以达到90%。悬浮填料式A2／O反应器的出水COD、氨氮和总磷均满足国家一级A排放标准,实现实验前的预期效果。从对反应器6段驻水pH值的监测中可以观测到,污水经过反应器各个反应池时,pH值呈现先降低后迅速升高再逐渐升高最后降低的变化规律。
在此基础上,还研究了pH值、水力停留时间等工艺参数可能对反应器造成的影响。经过一系列对比试验,大量的数据表明,悬浮填料式A2／O反应器在pH显中性环境时,去除效果最好,偏酸或偏碱的环境都会使反应器的去除率受到抑制,从而降低；而随着水力停留时间的延长去除率不断提高,当HRT=8时,去除率趋于稳定,HRT继续增加则去除率提高幅度逐渐减小,伴有降低的趋势。
Water issues become more prominent,and understand more about environmental pollutants,people not only treat the chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and suspended solids (SS) as a target,but also inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus removal, gradually become a key areas.My country has established stringent sewage standards. Some areas have even more stringent local emission standards.
A2/O process is a mature technology, it has been widely used because of it's advantages, but there are still many drawbacks. In order to improve and solve the conflicts and processing efficiency of conventional A2/O, promote of traditional A2/O research and development, sewage treatment could be more widely used.This experiment chose artificial wastewater, traditional A2/O process combined with suspended biofilm carrier, through continuous simulation experiment, study the running mechanism with carrier on A2/O. On this basis, investigated a variety of external factors and parameters influence on suspended filler type A2/O.
Suspended filler type A2/O reactor start using activated sludge method,and hanging film for two aerobic reactor,biofilm culture about 10 days, COD influent 310mg/L, COD effluent can be steady at 49mg/L, about 80% removal efficiency and increased steadily. During reactor startup, has done a lot of the biological phase of observation and detection of water-related indicators.
Suspended filler A2/O reactor start a month later into the stable period,pH at 6.9-7.3,HRT remained at 8h,temperature around 22℃,influent COD concentration of 300-350mg/L, COD effluent can be steady at 28.4mg/L, handled up to 90%; influent ammonia nitrogen concentration between 26.7mg/L-41.2mg/L,effluent be maintained between the 0.3mg/L-4.7mg/L, stability in 4.2mg/L,deal with a maximum up to 98%; influent concentration of phosphate in the 3.5mg/L, TP effluent can be stabilized below 0.43mg/L, the minimum can reach 0.37mg/L,removal over 88%, up to 90%. Suspended filler A2/O reactor effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP were to reach national emission standards A, to achieve the desired effect before the experiment. Observed from the reactor pH(6 phase) that pH decreased first and then gradually increased,after the rapid increase in changes of the last reduction when the water through the reactor pool.
On this basis, studied the pH, HRT on reactor parameters. After a series of comparative tests, large amounts of data show that the suspended filler A2/O reactor was removal best in the neutral pH environment, acidic or slightly alkaline environment will suppressed the removal;and removal rate of rising with HRT, when the HRT=8, the rate stabilized, HRT continue to increase the removal rate of increase gradually decreased, accompanied by decreased.
引文
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[2]钱正英,张光斗.中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告及各专题报告.中国水利水电出版社,2001：2.
[3]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2008中国环境状况公报.
[4]左玉辉主编.环境学.北京：高等教育出版社,2002.
[5]金相灿主编.湖泊富营养化控制和管理技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2001.
[6]沈德中.污染环境的生物修复.北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[7]刘光钊等主编.水体富营养及其藻害.北京：中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[8]柏景方主编.污水处理技术.哈尔滨：哈尔滨大学出版社,2006.
[9]娄金生,谢永波,何少华等.生物脱氮除磷原理与应用.国防科技大学出版社,2002：4-35220-245.
[10]Van Loosdrecht M C M, Jetten M S M. Microbiological conversions in nitrogen removal, Water Sci. and Technol.1998,38(1):1-7.
[11]Mike S. M. Jetten, et al. The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium. FEMS Microbilogy Reviews,1999,22:421-437.
[12]Van de Graaf A. A, et al. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in a fluidized bed reactor. Microbiol,1996,142:2187-2196.
[13]娄金生主编.水污染治理新工艺与设计(第二版).北京：海洋出版社,2002.
[14]钱易,米祥友主编.现代废水处理新技术.北京：中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[15]王晓莲,彭永臻等编著.A2／O法污水生物脱氮除磷处理技术与应用.北京：科学出版社,2009.
[16]K R Gihnore,KJ Husovitz,T Holst,et al.Influence of organic and nitrification performance for a two-stage biological aerated filter. Water Science and Technology 1999,39 (7):227-234.
[17]Wartchow D. Nitrification and denitrification in combined activated sludge systems. Wat Sci Tech,1990,22 (7/8) 207-215.
[18]Rusten B. Moving bed biofilm reactors and chemical p recip itation for high efficiency treatment of wastewater from small communities. Wat Sci Tech,1997,35 (6):71-79.
[19]Morper M. Imp rovement of existing wastewater treatment p lants'efficiencies without enlargement of tankage by app lication of the L INPOR p rocess-case studies. Wat SciTech,1990,22 (7/8):207-21.
[20]陈胜.悬浮填料生物膜特性及其处理高浓度有机废水效能研究(学位论文).哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[21]金冬霞,田刚,施汉昌.悬浮填料的选取及其性能试验研究.环境科学学报,2002,22(3)：333-337.
[22]陈洪斌,屈计宁,何群彪.悬浮填料生物膜工艺的研究进展.应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(4)：514-520.
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