PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合材料的制备及其发泡性能的研究
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摘要
聚丙烯(PP)泡沫塑料具有很好的物理机械性能，广泛用于食品、化妆品、电子产品的包装材料及汽车的内部件、隔音、隔热件等。但是普通PP熔融以后，黏度急剧下降，熔体强度非常低，容易引起气泡的合并、气体的逃逸甚至泡孔的塌陷，很难得到泡孔结构好的泡沫塑料。而PA6具有性韧、抗震，有较高的结晶度，并具有较高的机械强度和耐热比，抗冲强度好，熔点较高，成型加工性能好。本文主要通过共混尼龙6(PA6)改性的方法来提高PP的熔体强度以及力学性能，以实现性能上的互补。但因为PP和PA6共混属典型的不相容体系，因此，提高PP与PA6共混物各项性能的关键是解决其两相相容性的问题。本文通过加入自制的高效相容剂以及纳米0MMT来改善复合体系的相容性，以此提高复合材料的熔体强度和力学性能。
本文采用复合引发剂(DcP／BPO)以及优化配方、工艺条件，制备出高性能的接枝物PP-g-MAH作为体系的相容剂。实验研究表明，采用复合引发剂制备的接枝物PP-g-MAH能同时满足高接枝率和高熔体强度。以自制的PP-g-MAH作为相容剂，与PP、PA6、0MMT熔融共混，制备获得了综合性能优良的PP／PA6／PP-g-MAH／0MMT复合材料。与纯的PP相比，在较佳配方下制备获得PP／PA6／PP-g-MAH／0MMT复合材料的冲击强度提高41％，拉伸强度提高8 4％，熔体强度提高132％。
此外，本文研究了发泡温度、_亨9切速率以及振动力场对PP／PA6／PP-g-MAH／0MMT复合材料发泡性能的影响。实验表明，在较佳的发泡温度(165℃)、转速(65rpm)和振动强度(5Hz／100um)下，制备获得发泡复合材料的泡孔平均直径约40um，泡孔密度达3O×10~(8)cell／cm~(3)。结果表明，在复合材料发泡过程，通过在剪切力场上叠加振动力场，有助于改善泡孔形状(趋向于正多边形)，均化泡孔分布，提高泡孔密度。
Polypropylene (PP) foams have excellent physical and mechanical properties, they are widely used in food, cosmetics, packaging of electronic products and the inner parts of the cars, sound and heat insulation fittings. However, the melt viscosity and melting strength of general PP were sharply decline after melting, which lead to bubble combination, gas escape and cell collapse, so that the foamability of PP is poor and difficult to be processed to foam products with good cellular structure. While, Nylon 6 possesses a serious of super properties, such as toughness, vibration resistance, high crystallization, high mechanical intension and heat resistance, high impact strength, high melting point, perfect processing properties and so on. In this article, PA6 is blended with PP to improve its melting strength and mechanical properties. For the incompatibility between PP and PA6, how to solve the compatibility of PP/PA6 blend is the critical problem to improve the blend's properties. In this article, using the homemade effective compatibilizer and nano-OMMT to enhance the compatibility of blends, therefore, the melting strength and mechanical properties can be enhanced.
In this paper, the initiators of DCP and BPO were used to prepare Composite initiator firstly, and then the excellent PP-g-MAH as compatibilizer was prepare with the composite initiator. The optimization of composite formulation and process conditions were studied during the preparation of PP-g-MAH. The experimental results show that the composite initiator could effectively prepare PP-g-MAH with the high grafting rate and high melt strength. After melting blend with the homemade PP-g-MAH as compatibilizer, PP, PA6, and OMMT, the excellent performance of PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/OMMT composites were prepared. Compared with the performance of pure PP, PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/OMMT composites prepared under the optimization formulation, the impact strength of composite materials was increased by 41%, the tensile strength was increased by 8.4% and the melt strength by 132%.
In addition, the effect of processing conditions on the properties of the PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/OMMT composite foams such as foaming temperature, shear rate and the vibration force field were also studied in this article. The experimental results show that the optimal foaming conditions are temperature (165°C), shear speed (65rpm) and the vibration intensity (5Hz/100um). Under these conditions, the composite foams with the average diameter of about 40um, and the cell density of 3.0 x 10 cell/cm were made. All these results showed that during the processing of composite materials foams, the shear stress field with the vibration force field, help to improve the cell shape (tend to polygon), uniformization ofthe cell distribution, and increase of cell density.
本文采用复合引发剂(DcP／BPO)以及优化配方、工艺条件，制备出高性能的接枝物PP-g-MAH作为体系的相容剂。实验研究表明，采用复合引发剂制备的接枝物PP-g-MAH能同时满足高接枝率和高熔体强度。以自制的PP-g-MAH作为相容剂，与PP、PA6、0MMT熔融共混，制备获得了综合性能优良的PP／PA6／PP-g-MAH／0MMT复合材料。与纯的PP相比，在较佳配方下制备获得PP／PA6／PP-g-MAH／0MMT复合材料的冲击强度提高41％，拉伸强度提高8 4％，熔体强度提高132％。
此外，本文研究了发泡温度、_亨9切速率以及振动力场对PP／PA6／PP-g-MAH／0MMT复合材料发泡性能的影响。实验表明，在较佳的发泡温度(165℃)、转速(65rpm)和振动强度(5Hz／100um)下，制备获得发泡复合材料的泡孔平均直径约40um，泡孔密度达3O×10~(8)cell／cm~(3)。结果表明，在复合材料发泡过程，通过在剪切力场上叠加振动力场，有助于改善泡孔形状(趋向于正多边形)，均化泡孔分布，提高泡孔密度。
Polypropylene (PP) foams have excellent physical and mechanical properties, they are widely used in food, cosmetics, packaging of electronic products and the inner parts of the cars, sound and heat insulation fittings. However, the melt viscosity and melting strength of general PP were sharply decline after melting, which lead to bubble combination, gas escape and cell collapse, so that the foamability of PP is poor and difficult to be processed to foam products with good cellular structure. While, Nylon 6 possesses a serious of super properties, such as toughness, vibration resistance, high crystallization, high mechanical intension and heat resistance, high impact strength, high melting point, perfect processing properties and so on. In this article, PA6 is blended with PP to improve its melting strength and mechanical properties. For the incompatibility between PP and PA6, how to solve the compatibility of PP/PA6 blend is the critical problem to improve the blend's properties. In this article, using the homemade effective compatibilizer and nano-OMMT to enhance the compatibility of blends, therefore, the melting strength and mechanical properties can be enhanced.
In this paper, the initiators of DCP and BPO were used to prepare Composite initiator firstly, and then the excellent PP-g-MAH as compatibilizer was prepare with the composite initiator. The optimization of composite formulation and process conditions were studied during the preparation of PP-g-MAH. The experimental results show that the composite initiator could effectively prepare PP-g-MAH with the high grafting rate and high melt strength. After melting blend with the homemade PP-g-MAH as compatibilizer, PP, PA6, and OMMT, the excellent performance of PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/OMMT composites were prepared. Compared with the performance of pure PP, PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/OMMT composites prepared under the optimization formulation, the impact strength of composite materials was increased by 41%, the tensile strength was increased by 8.4% and the melt strength by 132%.
In addition, the effect of processing conditions on the properties of the PP/PA6/PP-g-MAH/OMMT composite foams such as foaming temperature, shear rate and the vibration force field were also studied in this article. The experimental results show that the optimal foaming conditions are temperature (165°C), shear speed (65rpm) and the vibration intensity (5Hz/100um). Under these conditions, the composite foams with the average diameter of about 40um, and the cell density of 3.0 x 10 cell/cm were made. All these results showed that during the processing of composite materials foams, the shear stress field with the vibration force field, help to improve the cell shape (tend to polygon), uniformization ofthe cell distribution, and increase of cell density.
引文
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