制造业服务创新绩效的测度及应用研究
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摘要
近年来,我国制造业中产品同质化现象日益严重,多数企业已经意识到作为整体产品外延的服务的重要作用,并将其视为实施差异化战略的关键工具。服务创新由于其具有促进价值创造提升、提高产业生产效率的能力,已经成为提升制造业核心竞争力的重要途径,为解决制造业发展中存在的问题提供了一个新的思路。然而,制造业在进行服务创新时,创新的绩效如何、对产业发展的影响程度有多大也日益成为国家关注的焦点。本文以现代生产理论为依据,研究制造业服务创新绩效的测度方法,并对中国装备制造业的服务创新绩效进行测度,分析影响服务创新的主要因素,希望通过合理的服务创新活动,增强制造业整体竞争力,这对中国制造业的发展具有重要的现实意义。
本文提出区别于以往学者使用产出和效益指标体系测度制造业服务创新绩效的方法,主要通过对全要素生产率的分解构建制造业服务创新绩效的测度模型。因此,本文首先论述了制造业服务创新的特征及形式,通过分析服务创新对制造业发展的影响机理,研究服务创新绩效与制造业全要素生产率之间的关系,为下文制造业服务创新绩效的测度奠定了理论基础。在实证模型的构建中,从制造业全要素生产率的变动中分离出服务创新的影响,以此构建制造业服务创新绩效测度的实证模型,并对其解法进行了详细地说明。最后是实证分析,基于上文构建的实证模型,以中国装备制造业为研究对象,对其服务创新绩效进行测度,并进一步分析了影响创新绩效的原因,为提升制造业的服务创新能力提出相关政策建议。
本文的研究结果表明,中国装备制造业服务创新绩效波动较大,没有明显的增长趋势,缺乏对服务创新的长远规划。在装备制造业包含的7个产业中,通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业的服务创新绩效值相对较高。市场结构、规模效应等因素对装备制造业服务创新绩效的影响显著。
Today the homogenization of products growing seriously, most enterprises have realized that the important role of services as the outreach of whole product and use it as a key tool to implement differentiation strategies. Due to service innovation can promote value creation and enhance the ability to improve the efficiency of industrial production, it has become an important way to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry and provide a new way of thinking to solve problems in manufacturing industry. However, at the time of the manufacturing industry in service innovation, the innovation performance and the impact on industry development is increasingly becoming the focus of attention to the state. This paper based on the theory of modern production, researching the services innovation performance measurement methods in manufacturing industry, measuring the performance of service innovation in Chinese equipment manufacturing industry, and then analyzing the main factors. This paper hopes that through reasonable service innovation activities to strengthen the manufacturing sector overall competitiveness, which has an important practical significance to the development of China's manufacturing industry.
Different from other scholars use the output and efficiency indicators system to measure the performance of manufacturing services, this paper builds innovation performance models mainly through the decomposition of total factor productivity in manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper firstly discuss the characteristics and mode of service innovation in manufacturing industry, through analyzing service innovation's role in promoting the development of manufacturing industry, research the relationship between services innovation and total factor productivity, these studies has laid a theoretical basis for the measure of innovation performance in equipment manufacturing services. In the empirical model of equipment manufacturing service innovation performance, respectively isolates the performance of service innovation from total factor productivity of manufacturing industry, then sets up an empirical model to measure the services innovation performance in the equipment manufacturing industry and describes its solution. The last is empirical analysis, based on the empirical model constructed above, acts the equipment manufacturing industry as the research object, measure the performance of their services innovation and analyzes the reasons that affect innovation performance, thus propose relevant recommendations to enhance the innovative capability of manufacturing services.
Findings of the paper indicate that the Chinese equipment manufacturing services innovation performance fluctuated, there is no obvious growth trend and lack of long-term planning for service innovation. In the seven industries included in equipment manufacturing industry, the services innovation performance value of communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing is relatively high. Market structure, economies of scale and other factors have a significant impact on equipment manufacturing industry's service innovation performance.
本文提出区别于以往学者使用产出和效益指标体系测度制造业服务创新绩效的方法,主要通过对全要素生产率的分解构建制造业服务创新绩效的测度模型。因此,本文首先论述了制造业服务创新的特征及形式,通过分析服务创新对制造业发展的影响机理,研究服务创新绩效与制造业全要素生产率之间的关系,为下文制造业服务创新绩效的测度奠定了理论基础。在实证模型的构建中,从制造业全要素生产率的变动中分离出服务创新的影响,以此构建制造业服务创新绩效测度的实证模型,并对其解法进行了详细地说明。最后是实证分析,基于上文构建的实证模型,以中国装备制造业为研究对象,对其服务创新绩效进行测度,并进一步分析了影响创新绩效的原因,为提升制造业的服务创新能力提出相关政策建议。
本文的研究结果表明,中国装备制造业服务创新绩效波动较大,没有明显的增长趋势,缺乏对服务创新的长远规划。在装备制造业包含的7个产业中,通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业的服务创新绩效值相对较高。市场结构、规模效应等因素对装备制造业服务创新绩效的影响显著。
Today the homogenization of products growing seriously, most enterprises have realized that the important role of services as the outreach of whole product and use it as a key tool to implement differentiation strategies. Due to service innovation can promote value creation and enhance the ability to improve the efficiency of industrial production, it has become an important way to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry and provide a new way of thinking to solve problems in manufacturing industry. However, at the time of the manufacturing industry in service innovation, the innovation performance and the impact on industry development is increasingly becoming the focus of attention to the state. This paper based on the theory of modern production, researching the services innovation performance measurement methods in manufacturing industry, measuring the performance of service innovation in Chinese equipment manufacturing industry, and then analyzing the main factors. This paper hopes that through reasonable service innovation activities to strengthen the manufacturing sector overall competitiveness, which has an important practical significance to the development of China's manufacturing industry.
Different from other scholars use the output and efficiency indicators system to measure the performance of manufacturing services, this paper builds innovation performance models mainly through the decomposition of total factor productivity in manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper firstly discuss the characteristics and mode of service innovation in manufacturing industry, through analyzing service innovation's role in promoting the development of manufacturing industry, research the relationship between services innovation and total factor productivity, these studies has laid a theoretical basis for the measure of innovation performance in equipment manufacturing services. In the empirical model of equipment manufacturing service innovation performance, respectively isolates the performance of service innovation from total factor productivity of manufacturing industry, then sets up an empirical model to measure the services innovation performance in the equipment manufacturing industry and describes its solution. The last is empirical analysis, based on the empirical model constructed above, acts the equipment manufacturing industry as the research object, measure the performance of their services innovation and analyzes the reasons that affect innovation performance, thus propose relevant recommendations to enhance the innovative capability of manufacturing services.
Findings of the paper indicate that the Chinese equipment manufacturing services innovation performance fluctuated, there is no obvious growth trend and lack of long-term planning for service innovation. In the seven industries included in equipment manufacturing industry, the services innovation performance value of communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing is relatively high. Market structure, economies of scale and other factors have a significant impact on equipment manufacturing industry's service innovation performance.
引文
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[41]向刚.企业持续创新:理论研究基础、定义、特性和基本类型[J].科学学研究,2005,(1):134-138.
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[2]蔺雷,吴贵生.服务创新(第2版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[3](美)霍利·阿利金森,约翰·汉堡著.尤建新等译.质量创造利润[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[4]詹姆斯·A·菲茨西蒙斯,莫娜·J·菲茨西蒙斯著.张金成等译.服务管理运作、战略与信息技术(原书第三版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:15-16.
[5]袁建红.知识经济与服务创新[J].东南大学学报.1999(4):40-45.
[6]许庆瑞,吕飞.服务创新初探[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2003(3):21-25.
[7]李刚,余倩.浅析服务业服务创新[J].商业研究.2004(4):179-181.
[8]鲁若愚,段小华,张鸿.制造业的服务创新与差别化战略[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(6):16-20.
[9]陈利.基于价值链的制造业企业服务增强模式研究[D]:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[10]胡蓬玮.行业技术创新绩效差异及影响因素研究[D]:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[11]张仲英,胡实秋,宋化民.技术创新绩效评价法[J].统计与决策.2000(7):14-15.
[12]付亚和,许玉林.绩效考核与绩效管理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005:4-6.
[13]Berger S,Lester R.Made by Hong Kong[M],London:Oxford University Press,1997.
[14]AEGIS.Service Enhanced Manufacturing in the Building and Construction Product System,Draft Report[R],Project 4,University of Western Sydney Macarthur,1999.
[15]Marceau J,Martinez C.Selling Solutions:Product-Service Packages as Links between New and Old Economies[C].DRUID Summer Conference oil.Industrial Dynamics of the New and Old Economy-Who is Embracing Whom? Copenhagen Elsinore,2002:6-8.
[16]Gann D,Salter A.Learning and innovation management in project-based,service enhanced firms[J].International Journal of Innovation Management,1998,12(4):431-454.
[17]George Campbell.Why Manufacturing Matters[R],Labor Discussion,2002.
[18]李东红,李蕾.服务创新与制造业厂商可塑的核心能力[J].首都经济贸易大学学报.2003(3):30-34.
[19]蔺雷,吴贵生.我国制造企业服务增强差异化机制的实证研究[J].管理世界.2007(6):103-113.
[20]蔺雷,吴贵生.制造业发展与服务创新--机理、模式与战略[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,8.
[21]鲁桂华,蔺雷,吴贵生.差别化竞争战略与服务增强的内在机理[J].中国工业经济.2005,5.
[22]柏昊,徐捷.服务增强在制造业企业产品创新中的作用研究[J].华东经济管理.2006(10):28-31.
[23]张晓林,张波.服务业与制造业的融合创新研究[J].电子科技大学学报(社科版),2006(2):35-40.
[24]Cooper,R.G.,Kleinschmidt E.J..New products:what separates winners from losers?[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,1987.
[25]De Brentani.,U.Success and failure in new industrial services[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,1989,12.
[26]Cordero,Cordero,Rene.The Measurement of Innovation Performance in the Firm:an Overview[J].Research Policy,1990,19(2).
[27]徐淑英,刘忠明.中国企业管理的前沿研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[28]Robert S.,Kaplan.,David P.Norton.The Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive Performance[J],1992(1).
[29]Griffin A,Page A.L..An Interim Report in Measuring Product Development Success and Failure[J].Journal of Product Innovation Management,1993,10(4).
[30]Storey,C.,D.Kelly.Measuring the Performance of New Service Development Activities[J].The Service Industries Journal,2001,21(2):71-90.
[31]杨名.服务创新及其对服务经济增长的作用分析[D]:(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2008.
[32]周晓艳,韩朝华.中国地区间生产效率与全要素生产率增长率分解(1990-2006)[C].中国青年经济学者论坛,厦门,2008.
[33]Aigner,D.,Lovell,C.A.K.,Schmidt,P..Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models.Journal of Econometrics[J].1977,6:21-37.
[34]MULLEN,JOHN K.Long-run technical change and multifactor productivity growth in US manufacturing[J].Applied Economics,2001,33:301-308.
[35]Kankana Mukherjee.Direct and Indirect Measures of Capacity Utilization:A Non-Parametric Analysis of US Manufacturing[J].Manchester School.2006,7:526-548.
[36]余修斌,任若恩.全要素生产率、技术效率、技术进步之间的关系及测算[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版).2000,2:18-23.
[37]邱阳,杨俊,廖冰.全要素生产率测定方法综述[J].重庆大学学报.2002,11:38-41.
[38]郑京海,胡鞍钢.中国改革时期省级生产率增长变化的实证分析(1979-2001)[J].经济学(季刊).2005,1:263-296.
[39]葛虹,冯英俊.两种等效益面生产函数与全要素生产率变化率的分解[J].数量经济技术经济研究.2006,7:526-548.
[40]关于加强创新,发展高科技,实现产业化的决定[R].中共中央国务院.2008.
[41]向刚.企业持续创新:理论研究基础、定义、特性和基本类型[J].科学学研究,2005,(1):134-138.
[42]黄少军.服务业与经济增长[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000(3).
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