基于有限元方法的重型卡车车身被动安全性仿真研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国公路运输对高速、重载要求的不断增加,重型卡车的交通事故频繁发生,其被动安全性问题也日益突出。同时,国外重型卡车市场的高门槛,对加入国际竞争的中国制造企业提出了提高产品被动安全性能的迫切要求。因此,国内高校和企业都加大了对卡车被动安全性的研究力度。
本文通过对国内外汽车碰撞的研究方法和碰撞有限元仿真研究现状进行分析,阐明了有限元方法在汽车碰撞研究中的优点,指出目前国内碰撞有限元仿真的不足,以及进行卡车被动安全性仿真的紧迫性。并结合LS-DNYA软件所使用的主要算法,阐述了碰撞有限元方法的基本理论。
本文的主要研究内容包括:在分析平头卡车车身结构的基础上,研究了仿真建模技术在碰撞仿真中的应用,并对所建立的卡车车身模型进行了静态校核,验证了模型的准确性;参照GB11551法规,对车身模型进行正面全宽碰撞仿真分析,根据仿真结果,提出了两点车身结构改进意见,并分别对改进以后的效果进行验证和评价;最后介绍了翻滚碰撞的主要试验方法,并参照欧洲ECE R66法规,完成了卡车车身的翻滚碰撞仿真分析与评价。
目前,我国卡车被动安全性研究尚处于起步之中,本论文所提出的碰撞仿真分析的流程对将来卡车被动安全性仿真具有一定的参考价值,能指导企业对车身结构进行改进,具有一定的实际意义。
In recent years, as the increase of high-speed and heavy load demand in China's highway transportation, heavy truck’s traffic accidents have occurred frequently, and the problem of its passive safety has become more obvious. Meanwhile, the high threshold of the heavy truck abroad market puts forward an urgent requirement on improving the performance of products’passive safety to the Chinese manufacturing enterprises which right to join international competition. Therefore, the domestic institutions and enterprises focus more on the research field of truck passive safety.
This thesis analyzes the international auto collision research methods and the present development on collision FEM simulation, clarifies the advantages of applying FEM to auto collision research, points out the deficiencies of current domestic collision FEM simulation and the urgency for truck passive safety simulation research. Combining with the main algorithm in LS-DNYA software, this paper also introduces the collision FEM theory.
The main research work is as follow. First, analyze the truck body structure in order to do the research on the application of modeling technology in the crash simulation. Secondly, make the static verification to the truck body model so as to validate the accuracy of the model. Thirdly, referring to the specification of GB11551, give the simulation analysis on model's frontal and wide around crash, then according to the simulation result, give the two points on truck body structure improvement, and make the validation and evaluation on improved effect. Finally, it describes the main experiment methods of rolling crash, according to the specification of ECE R66, complete the analysis and evaluation of truck body’s rolling crash simulation.
Currently, the domestic research on truck passive safety is still in its infancy, the flow of the crash simulation analysis presented in this paper will give some reference value in the future passive safety simulation research, it can also give guidance to enterprises on improving the truck’s body structure, which has practical significance.
本文通过对国内外汽车碰撞的研究方法和碰撞有限元仿真研究现状进行分析,阐明了有限元方法在汽车碰撞研究中的优点,指出目前国内碰撞有限元仿真的不足,以及进行卡车被动安全性仿真的紧迫性。并结合LS-DNYA软件所使用的主要算法,阐述了碰撞有限元方法的基本理论。
本文的主要研究内容包括:在分析平头卡车车身结构的基础上,研究了仿真建模技术在碰撞仿真中的应用,并对所建立的卡车车身模型进行了静态校核,验证了模型的准确性;参照GB11551法规,对车身模型进行正面全宽碰撞仿真分析,根据仿真结果,提出了两点车身结构改进意见,并分别对改进以后的效果进行验证和评价;最后介绍了翻滚碰撞的主要试验方法,并参照欧洲ECE R66法规,完成了卡车车身的翻滚碰撞仿真分析与评价。
目前,我国卡车被动安全性研究尚处于起步之中,本论文所提出的碰撞仿真分析的流程对将来卡车被动安全性仿真具有一定的参考价值,能指导企业对车身结构进行改进,具有一定的实际意义。
In recent years, as the increase of high-speed and heavy load demand in China's highway transportation, heavy truck’s traffic accidents have occurred frequently, and the problem of its passive safety has become more obvious. Meanwhile, the high threshold of the heavy truck abroad market puts forward an urgent requirement on improving the performance of products’passive safety to the Chinese manufacturing enterprises which right to join international competition. Therefore, the domestic institutions and enterprises focus more on the research field of truck passive safety.
This thesis analyzes the international auto collision research methods and the present development on collision FEM simulation, clarifies the advantages of applying FEM to auto collision research, points out the deficiencies of current domestic collision FEM simulation and the urgency for truck passive safety simulation research. Combining with the main algorithm in LS-DNYA software, this paper also introduces the collision FEM theory.
The main research work is as follow. First, analyze the truck body structure in order to do the research on the application of modeling technology in the crash simulation. Secondly, make the static verification to the truck body model so as to validate the accuracy of the model. Thirdly, referring to the specification of GB11551, give the simulation analysis on model's frontal and wide around crash, then according to the simulation result, give the two points on truck body structure improvement, and make the validation and evaluation on improved effect. Finally, it describes the main experiment methods of rolling crash, according to the specification of ECE R66, complete the analysis and evaluation of truck body’s rolling crash simulation.
Currently, the domestic research on truck passive safety is still in its infancy, the flow of the crash simulation analysis presented in this paper will give some reference value in the future passive safety simulation research, it can also give guidance to enterprises on improving the truck’s body structure, which has practical significance.
引文
[1]朱西产.汽车正面碰撞试验法规及其发展趋势的分析.汽车工程,2002.1
[2]黄世霖,张金换,王晓冬等.汽车碰撞与安全.清华大学出版社,2000.12
[3]钟志华,张维刚.汽车碰撞安全技术.机械工业出版社,2003.8
[4]王国权.虚拟试验技术.电子工业出版社,2004.3
[5]魏朗,刘浩学.汽车安全技术概论.人民交通出版社,1999.4
[6]王瑄,李宏光,赵航等.现代汽车安全.人民交通出版社,1998.5
[7]孙宏图.汽车碰撞专家分析系统:[硕士学位论文]。大连理工大学图书馆,2003
[8] J. Hillmann, C. Koenig, X. Wang.10 Years of Crash Simulation at Volkswagen.Proc. of the 2nd Int. LS-DYNA3D Conf., 1994
[9] Kamal M M.Analysis and Simulation of Vehicle to Barrier Impact.SAE Transaction, paper 700414,1970
[10]张维刚.汽车碰撞安全性设计与改进技术:[博士学位论文]。湖南大学图书馆,2002,10
[11]雷正保.汽车纵向碰撞控制结构设计的理论与方法研究:[博士学位论文]。湖南大学图书馆,1999
[12]美国ETA公司.虚拟试验场技术.2002年ANSYS中国用户年会论文集
[13]周青.2006年美国SAE年会汽车碰撞安全研究进展.汽车工程,2006.11
[14]贾宏波,黄金陵.汽车车身碰撞建模影响因素的研究.汽车技术,1998.1
[15]贾宏波,黄金陵.车身碰撞仿真技术在红旗轿车车身开发中的应用.汽车工程,1998.5
[16]贾宏波,黄金陵.汽车车身结构碰撞性能的计算机模拟、评价与改进.吉林工业大学学报,1998.2
[17]贾宏波,黄金陵.车辆典型薄壁梁结构碰撞模拟研究与参数选择.农业机械学报,1998.3
[18]贾宏波,黄金陵.数值模拟技术在汽车碰撞分析中的应用.中国公路学报,1999.12
[19]马永春,陈思忠.非承载式车身正面碰撞的数值分析.汽车工程,2000.2
[20]龚友,刘星荣.小型客车整车正面碰撞分析.江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版),2000.5
[21]邰永刚.大客车翻滚碰撞性能研究及改进设计.机械科学与技术,2005.12
[22]侯飞.轿车侧面碰撞新车评价程序及提高轿车侧面碰撞性能的措施.汽车工程,2000.2
[23] Fei Hou, Lincap Side Impact Analysis for Qlin.Proceedings of The Eleventh International Pacific Conference on Automotive Engineering, 2001.6
[24]钟志华,郭正康.汽车抗碰撞分析中的摩擦力计算.汽车工程,1993.6
[25]张维刚,钟志华.汽车正撞吸能部件改进的计算机仿真.汽车工程,2002.1
[26]刘道勇,赵幼平,李谨宁.商用车后下防护装置碰撞的计算机仿真研究.汽车科技,2006.3
[27]赵幼平.商用车碰撞的计算机仿真技术研究应用:[硕士学位论文]。华中科技大学图书馆,2005.10
[28]时党勇,李裕春,张胜民.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA8.1进行显式动力分析.清华大学出版社,2005.1
[29]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践.中国水利水电出版社,2006.4
[30]尚晓江,苏建宇.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.中国水利水电出版社,2006.1
[31]蒋维城,丁刚毅.ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序算法基础和使用方法.美国ANSYS公司.北京理工大学ANSYS/LS-DYNA中国技术支持中心,1998.3
[32]王海亮,金先龙,林忠钦.客车车身结构设计系统及建模技术研究.汽车技术,2001.10
[33]王海亮.基于耐撞性数值仿真的汽车车身结构优化设计研究:[博士学位论文]。上海交通大学图书馆,2002.5
[34] John O.Hallquist.LS-DYNA THEOREICAL MANUAL.LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY COPORATION, 1998
[35] John O.Hallquist.LS-DYNA KEYWORD USER’S MANUAL.LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY COPORATION, 2001
[36] Walker Brian, et al.The Crash Analysis of a Passenger Vehicle Under Differing Frontal Crash Condition,SAE 932910
[37]白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.科学出版社,2005.5
[38] Castejon, J. Cuartero, R. Clemente.Energy Absorption Capability of CompositeMaterials Applied to Automotive Crash.Absorbers Design,SAE 980964
[39]辛成.载货汽车碰撞仿真技术.商用汽车,2000.1
[40]陈家瑞.汽车构造(第三版).人民交通出版社,2001.2
[41]于开平,周传月,谭惠丰等.HyperMesh从入门到精通.科学出版社,2005.5
[42] Khalil Tawfik B, et al.Development of a 3-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Air Bag Development and Interactions with an Occupant Using LS-DYNA3D,SAE912906
[43] Zhihua Zhong.Finite element procedures of contact-impact problems.Oxford University Press Inc,1993
[44]赵海鸥.LS-DYNA3D动力分析指南.兵器工业出版社,2003.4
[45]李宏光,吴卫,赵静炜等.我国汽车安全法规体系及安全技术法规与国外的差异研究.中国汽车工程学会2004汽车安全技术国际研讨会论文,2004.8
[46] ECE Regulation No.66.UNITED NATIONS AGREEMENT,1997
[47]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护(GB11551),2003
[2]黄世霖,张金换,王晓冬等.汽车碰撞与安全.清华大学出版社,2000.12
[3]钟志华,张维刚.汽车碰撞安全技术.机械工业出版社,2003.8
[4]王国权.虚拟试验技术.电子工业出版社,2004.3
[5]魏朗,刘浩学.汽车安全技术概论.人民交通出版社,1999.4
[6]王瑄,李宏光,赵航等.现代汽车安全.人民交通出版社,1998.5
[7]孙宏图.汽车碰撞专家分析系统:[硕士学位论文]。大连理工大学图书馆,2003
[8] J. Hillmann, C. Koenig, X. Wang.10 Years of Crash Simulation at Volkswagen.Proc. of the 2nd Int. LS-DYNA3D Conf., 1994
[9] Kamal M M.Analysis and Simulation of Vehicle to Barrier Impact.SAE Transaction, paper 700414,1970
[10]张维刚.汽车碰撞安全性设计与改进技术:[博士学位论文]。湖南大学图书馆,2002,10
[11]雷正保.汽车纵向碰撞控制结构设计的理论与方法研究:[博士学位论文]。湖南大学图书馆,1999
[12]美国ETA公司.虚拟试验场技术.2002年ANSYS中国用户年会论文集
[13]周青.2006年美国SAE年会汽车碰撞安全研究进展.汽车工程,2006.11
[14]贾宏波,黄金陵.汽车车身碰撞建模影响因素的研究.汽车技术,1998.1
[15]贾宏波,黄金陵.车身碰撞仿真技术在红旗轿车车身开发中的应用.汽车工程,1998.5
[16]贾宏波,黄金陵.汽车车身结构碰撞性能的计算机模拟、评价与改进.吉林工业大学学报,1998.2
[17]贾宏波,黄金陵.车辆典型薄壁梁结构碰撞模拟研究与参数选择.农业机械学报,1998.3
[18]贾宏波,黄金陵.数值模拟技术在汽车碰撞分析中的应用.中国公路学报,1999.12
[19]马永春,陈思忠.非承载式车身正面碰撞的数值分析.汽车工程,2000.2
[20]龚友,刘星荣.小型客车整车正面碰撞分析.江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版),2000.5
[21]邰永刚.大客车翻滚碰撞性能研究及改进设计.机械科学与技术,2005.12
[22]侯飞.轿车侧面碰撞新车评价程序及提高轿车侧面碰撞性能的措施.汽车工程,2000.2
[23] Fei Hou, Lincap Side Impact Analysis for Qlin.Proceedings of The Eleventh International Pacific Conference on Automotive Engineering, 2001.6
[24]钟志华,郭正康.汽车抗碰撞分析中的摩擦力计算.汽车工程,1993.6
[25]张维刚,钟志华.汽车正撞吸能部件改进的计算机仿真.汽车工程,2002.1
[26]刘道勇,赵幼平,李谨宁.商用车后下防护装置碰撞的计算机仿真研究.汽车科技,2006.3
[27]赵幼平.商用车碰撞的计算机仿真技术研究应用:[硕士学位论文]。华中科技大学图书馆,2005.10
[28]时党勇,李裕春,张胜民.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA8.1进行显式动力分析.清华大学出版社,2005.1
[29]李裕春,时党勇,赵远.ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践.中国水利水电出版社,2006.4
[30]尚晓江,苏建宇.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.中国水利水电出版社,2006.1
[31]蒋维城,丁刚毅.ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序算法基础和使用方法.美国ANSYS公司.北京理工大学ANSYS/LS-DYNA中国技术支持中心,1998.3
[32]王海亮,金先龙,林忠钦.客车车身结构设计系统及建模技术研究.汽车技术,2001.10
[33]王海亮.基于耐撞性数值仿真的汽车车身结构优化设计研究:[博士学位论文]。上海交通大学图书馆,2002.5
[34] John O.Hallquist.LS-DYNA THEOREICAL MANUAL.LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY COPORATION, 1998
[35] John O.Hallquist.LS-DYNA KEYWORD USER’S MANUAL.LIVERMORE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY COPORATION, 2001
[36] Walker Brian, et al.The Crash Analysis of a Passenger Vehicle Under Differing Frontal Crash Condition,SAE 932910
[37]白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.科学出版社,2005.5
[38] Castejon, J. Cuartero, R. Clemente.Energy Absorption Capability of CompositeMaterials Applied to Automotive Crash.Absorbers Design,SAE 980964
[39]辛成.载货汽车碰撞仿真技术.商用汽车,2000.1
[40]陈家瑞.汽车构造(第三版).人民交通出版社,2001.2
[41]于开平,周传月,谭惠丰等.HyperMesh从入门到精通.科学出版社,2005.5
[42] Khalil Tawfik B, et al.Development of a 3-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Air Bag Development and Interactions with an Occupant Using LS-DYNA3D,SAE912906
[43] Zhihua Zhong.Finite element procedures of contact-impact problems.Oxford University Press Inc,1993
[44]赵海鸥.LS-DYNA3D动力分析指南.兵器工业出版社,2003.4
[45]李宏光,吴卫,赵静炜等.我国汽车安全法规体系及安全技术法规与国外的差异研究.中国汽车工程学会2004汽车安全技术国际研讨会论文,2004.8
[46] ECE Regulation No.66.UNITED NATIONS AGREEMENT,1997
[47]全国汽车标准化技术委员会.乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护(GB11551),2003